Chinese Journal OF Rice Science ›› 2019, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 338-346.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8134
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Dongming WANG1,2, Ye TAO1,2, Jianguo ZHU1, Gang LIU1, Chunwu ZHU1,*()
Received:
2018-12-05
Revised:
2019-04-02
Online:
2019-07-10
Published:
2019-07-10
Contact:
Chunwu ZHU
王东明1,2, 陶冶1,2, 朱建国1, 刘钢1, 朱春梧1,*()
通讯作者:
朱春梧
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Dongming WANG, Ye TAO, Jianguo ZHU, Gang LIU, Chunwu ZHU. Responses of Rice Appearance and Processing Quality to Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(4): 338-346.
王东明, 陶冶, 朱建国, 刘钢, 朱春梧. 稻米外观与加工品质对大气CO2浓度升高的响应[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(4): 338-346.
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URL: http://www.ricesci.cn/EN/10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8134
材料 Material | CO2处理 CO2 treatment | 糙米率 Brown rice percentage/% | 精米率 Milled rice percentage/% | 整精米率 Head rice percentage/% | 垩白粒率 Chalky grain percentage/% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
中花11 Zhonghua 11 | FACE | 82.9±0.7 | 72.3±1.2 | 68.0±1.2 | 13.2±0.9 | 5.8±0.7 |
Ambient | 82.6±0.7 | 72.5±0.4 | 70.2±0.5 | 12.1±1.7 | 5.6±0.7 | |
Change | 0.4 | -0.4 | -3.1 | 8.9 | 4.2 | |
ZmK2.1-15 | FACE | 82.5±1.2 | 71.9±0.4 | 68.0±2.6 | 42.5±1.5 | 16.3±0.3 |
Ambient | 81.8±0.2 | 71.4±0.8 | 66.6±3.4 | 43.7±4.3 | 17.8±2.1 | |
Change | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.1 | -2.7 | -8.7 | |
ZmK2.1-20 | FACE | 83.0±0.2 | 72.7±0.2 | 68.5±0.8 | 39.0±0.6 | 15.7±0.6 |
Ambient | 81.3±1.2 | 71.3±1.7 | 64.4±2.0 | 46.6±6.9 | 20.2±3.5 | |
Change | 2.1 | 1.9 | 6.4 | -16.3 | -22.3 | |
OsKAT3-26 | FACE | 82.5±0.5 | 72.3±0.2 | 70.9±0.1 | 24.0±3.7 | 9.9±1.2 |
Ambient | 82.0±0.8 | 72.3±1.0 | 68.5±0.7 | 28.2±3.5 | 11.6±1.5 | |
Change | 0.7 | 0.0 | 3.6 | -14.8 | -15.1 | |
OsKAT3-30 | FACE | 80.1±1.5 | 68.3±4.5 | 62.1±3.2 | 33.9±5.5 | 13.7±1.2 |
Ambient | 80.9±0.8 | 70.5±1.4 | 66.8±2.4 | 31.6±4.7 | 14.1±1.0 | |
Change | -0.9 | -3.1 | -7.0 | 7.4 | -3.0 | |
方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||
变异来源Source of variation | ||||||
材料Material(M) | * | 0.118 | *** | *** | *** | |
CO2浓度([CO2]) | 0.383 | 0.805 | 0.746 | 0.167 | 0.127 | |
M×[CO2] | 0.150 | 0.498 | 0.101 | 0.080 | 0.106 |
Table 1 Brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage, head rice percentage, chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree of Zhonghua 11 and its transpiration-promoting genetic materials (ZmK2.1-15, ZmK2.1-15, OsKAT3-26, OsKAT3-30) under elevated and ambient CO2 concentration in 2015.
材料 Material | CO2处理 CO2 treatment | 糙米率 Brown rice percentage/% | 精米率 Milled rice percentage/% | 整精米率 Head rice percentage/% | 垩白粒率 Chalky grain percentage/% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
中花11 Zhonghua 11 | FACE | 82.9±0.7 | 72.3±1.2 | 68.0±1.2 | 13.2±0.9 | 5.8±0.7 |
Ambient | 82.6±0.7 | 72.5±0.4 | 70.2±0.5 | 12.1±1.7 | 5.6±0.7 | |
Change | 0.4 | -0.4 | -3.1 | 8.9 | 4.2 | |
ZmK2.1-15 | FACE | 82.5±1.2 | 71.9±0.4 | 68.0±2.6 | 42.5±1.5 | 16.3±0.3 |
Ambient | 81.8±0.2 | 71.4±0.8 | 66.6±3.4 | 43.7±4.3 | 17.8±2.1 | |
Change | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.1 | -2.7 | -8.7 | |
ZmK2.1-20 | FACE | 83.0±0.2 | 72.7±0.2 | 68.5±0.8 | 39.0±0.6 | 15.7±0.6 |
Ambient | 81.3±1.2 | 71.3±1.7 | 64.4±2.0 | 46.6±6.9 | 20.2±3.5 | |
Change | 2.1 | 1.9 | 6.4 | -16.3 | -22.3 | |
OsKAT3-26 | FACE | 82.5±0.5 | 72.3±0.2 | 70.9±0.1 | 24.0±3.7 | 9.9±1.2 |
Ambient | 82.0±0.8 | 72.3±1.0 | 68.5±0.7 | 28.2±3.5 | 11.6±1.5 | |
Change | 0.7 | 0.0 | 3.6 | -14.8 | -15.1 | |
OsKAT3-30 | FACE | 80.1±1.5 | 68.3±4.5 | 62.1±3.2 | 33.9±5.5 | 13.7±1.2 |
Ambient | 80.9±0.8 | 70.5±1.4 | 66.8±2.4 | 31.6±4.7 | 14.1±1.0 | |
Change | -0.9 | -3.1 | -7.0 | 7.4 | -3.0 | |
方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||
变异来源Source of variation | ||||||
材料Material(M) | * | 0.118 | *** | *** | *** | |
CO2浓度([CO2]) | 0.383 | 0.805 | 0.746 | 0.167 | 0.127 | |
M×[CO2] | 0.150 | 0.498 | 0.101 | 0.080 | 0.106 |
Fig. 1. Average change in milling quality and appearance quality at elevated CO2 concentration for Zhonghua 11 (wild type) and its transpiration-promoting overexpression genetic materials (ZmK2.1-15, ZmK2.1-15, OsKAT3-26, OsKAT3-30) and crown root-promoting overexpression genetic materials (ERF3-7 and ERF3-12), Nipponbare (wild type) and its nitrate-absorption promoting overexpression genetic material(NIL). A, Brown rice percentage; B, Milled rice percentage; C, Head rice percentage D, Chalky grain percentage; E, Chalkiness degree. Bars represent standard deviation, and statistically significant effects by independent sample t-test are indicated: *** P<0.001; ** P<0.01; * P<0.05.
年份 Year | 材料 Material | CO2处理 CO2 treatment | 糙米率 Brown rice percentage/% | 精米率 Milled rice percentage/% | 整精米率 Head rice percentage/% | 垩白粒率 Chalky grain percentage/% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 中花11 | FACE | 80.8±0.6 | 69.2±0.4 | 59.5±3.4 | 32.6±0.8 | 11.7±0.9 |
Zhonghua 11 | Ambient | 80.5±0.1 | 68.2±0.2 | 65.5±0.3 | 29.4±0.1 | 9.7±0.1 | |
Change | 0.4 | 1.5 | -9.1 | 11.1 | 21.5 | ||
ERF3-7 | FACE | 78.2±1.1 | 66.4±1.0 | 54.9±1.9 | 78.2±0.9 | 40.2±0.6 | |
Ambient | 78.2±0.4 | 63.0±0.7 | 60.3±0.3 | 65.3±1.4 | 29.2±0.7 | ||
Change | -0.1 | 5.3 | -9.0 | 19.8 | 37.7 | ||
ERF3-12 | FACE | 80.6±1.8 | 67.3±2.6 | 59.1±1.5 | 83.2±0.5 | 46.3±2.0 | |
Ambient | 79.9±1.7 | 64.9±5.4 | 57.6±0.4 | 77.0±1.1 | 38.9±1.2 | ||
Change | 0.9 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 8.1 | 19.1 | ||
2017 | 中花11 | FACE | 80.9±0.3 | 69.4±2.0 | 60.1±0.7 | 10.3±0.6 | 2.9±0.5 |
Zhonghua 11 | Ambient | 81.2±0.6 | 71.0±1.2 | 62.4±1.4 | 9.9±0.8 | 4.3±0.8 | |
Change | -0.3 | -2.3 | -3.7 | 4.0 | -33.2 | ||
ERF3-7 | FACE | 77.1±0.3 | 63.8±1.0 | 51.3±1.2 | 30.3±2.6 | 11.1±1.3 | |
Ambient | 78.1±1.0 | 64.5±1.1 | 57.8±1.8 | 26.9±1.0 | 9.0±0.2 | ||
Change | -1.2 | -1.1 | -11.2 | 12.4 | 23.6 | ||
ERF3-12 | FACE | 78.2±0.6 | 65.4±1.7 | 53.5±2.2 | 60.2±1.8 | 24.9±0.9 | |
Ambient | 78.9±2.7 | 63.8±3.3 | 56.0±1.6 | 51.6±1.8 | 20.9±1.3 | ||
Change | -0.9 | 2.4 | -4.4 | 16.7 | 19.1 | ||
方差分析Analysis of variance | |||||||
变异来源Source of variation | |||||||
年际Year(Y) | * | 0.780 | * | *** | *** | ||
材料Material(M) | * | 0.062 | *** | *** | *** | ||
CO2浓度([CO2]) | 0.505 | 0.353 | * | * | ** | ||
Y×M | * | 0.056 | 0.451 | *** | *** | ||
Y×[CO2] | 0.204 | 0.101 | 0.641 | 0.128 | * | ||
M×[CO2] | 0.688 | 0.078 | ** | ** | ** | ||
Y×M×[CO2] | 0.845 | 0.306 | 0.110 | ** | * |
Table 2 Brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage, head rice percentage, chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree of Zhonghua 11 and its crown root-promoting genetic materials (ERF3-7 and ERF3-12) under elevated and ambient CO2 concentration in 2016-2017.
年份 Year | 材料 Material | CO2处理 CO2 treatment | 糙米率 Brown rice percentage/% | 精米率 Milled rice percentage/% | 整精米率 Head rice percentage/% | 垩白粒率 Chalky grain percentage/% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 中花11 | FACE | 80.8±0.6 | 69.2±0.4 | 59.5±3.4 | 32.6±0.8 | 11.7±0.9 |
Zhonghua 11 | Ambient | 80.5±0.1 | 68.2±0.2 | 65.5±0.3 | 29.4±0.1 | 9.7±0.1 | |
Change | 0.4 | 1.5 | -9.1 | 11.1 | 21.5 | ||
ERF3-7 | FACE | 78.2±1.1 | 66.4±1.0 | 54.9±1.9 | 78.2±0.9 | 40.2±0.6 | |
Ambient | 78.2±0.4 | 63.0±0.7 | 60.3±0.3 | 65.3±1.4 | 29.2±0.7 | ||
Change | -0.1 | 5.3 | -9.0 | 19.8 | 37.7 | ||
ERF3-12 | FACE | 80.6±1.8 | 67.3±2.6 | 59.1±1.5 | 83.2±0.5 | 46.3±2.0 | |
Ambient | 79.9±1.7 | 64.9±5.4 | 57.6±0.4 | 77.0±1.1 | 38.9±1.2 | ||
Change | 0.9 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 8.1 | 19.1 | ||
2017 | 中花11 | FACE | 80.9±0.3 | 69.4±2.0 | 60.1±0.7 | 10.3±0.6 | 2.9±0.5 |
Zhonghua 11 | Ambient | 81.2±0.6 | 71.0±1.2 | 62.4±1.4 | 9.9±0.8 | 4.3±0.8 | |
Change | -0.3 | -2.3 | -3.7 | 4.0 | -33.2 | ||
ERF3-7 | FACE | 77.1±0.3 | 63.8±1.0 | 51.3±1.2 | 30.3±2.6 | 11.1±1.3 | |
Ambient | 78.1±1.0 | 64.5±1.1 | 57.8±1.8 | 26.9±1.0 | 9.0±0.2 | ||
Change | -1.2 | -1.1 | -11.2 | 12.4 | 23.6 | ||
ERF3-12 | FACE | 78.2±0.6 | 65.4±1.7 | 53.5±2.2 | 60.2±1.8 | 24.9±0.9 | |
Ambient | 78.9±2.7 | 63.8±3.3 | 56.0±1.6 | 51.6±1.8 | 20.9±1.3 | ||
Change | -0.9 | 2.4 | -4.4 | 16.7 | 19.1 | ||
方差分析Analysis of variance | |||||||
变异来源Source of variation | |||||||
年际Year(Y) | * | 0.780 | * | *** | *** | ||
材料Material(M) | * | 0.062 | *** | *** | *** | ||
CO2浓度([CO2]) | 0.505 | 0.353 | * | * | ** | ||
Y×M | * | 0.056 | 0.451 | *** | *** | ||
Y×[CO2] | 0.204 | 0.101 | 0.641 | 0.128 | * | ||
M×[CO2] | 0.688 | 0.078 | ** | ** | ** | ||
Y×M×[CO2] | 0.845 | 0.306 | 0.110 | ** | * |
年份 Year | 材料 Material | CO2处理 CO2 treatment | 糙米率 Brown rice percentage/% | 精米率 Milled rice percentage/% | 整精米率 Head rice percentage/% | 垩白粒率 Chalky grain percentage/% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 日本晴 | FACE | 71.4±0.3 | 57.9±1.0 | 53.8±1.8 | 12.5±0.9 | 3.8±0.2 | |
Nipponbare | Ambient | 75.0±4.7 | 60.9±3.6 | 48.8±4.9 | 13.4±1.0 | 4.1±0.1 | ||
Change | -4.9 | -4.8 | 10.3 | -6.9 | -6.6 | |||
NIL | FACE | 78.0±1.4 | 63.8±0.8 | 56.8±2.0 | 8.6±0.2 | 2.7±0.2 | ||
Ambient | 79.5±0.4 | 64.7±0.3 | 62.1±0.6 | 8.1±0.3 | 2.2±0.2 | |||
Change | -1.8 | -1.3 | -8.6 | 6.8 | 21.8 | |||
2017 | 日本晴 | FACE | 81.8±0.4 | 68.7±0.2 | 67.3±0.6 | 24.3±1.6 | 8.2±0.7 | |
Nipponbare | Ambient | 81.5±0.3 | 68.5±0.3 | 61.6±1.0 | 28.0±0.3 | 8.9±0.2 | ||
Change | 0.4 | 0.3 | 9.3 | -13.1 | -8.5 | |||
NIL | FACE | 81.5±0.4 | 68.0±0.9 | 64.7±1.7 | 22.1±5.3 | 7.1±2.0 | ||
Ambient | 81.3±0.1 | 67.9±0.4 | 64.8±1.0 | 22.4±2.5 | 7.0±0.7 | |||
Change | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -1.5 | 1.5 | |||
方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||||
变异来源Source of variation | ||||||||
年际Year(Y) | ** | ** | * | ** | * | |||
材料Material(M) | 0.100 | 0.088 | ** | ** | * | |||
CO2浓度([CO2]) | 0.393 | 0.430 | 0.318 | 0.535 | 0.711 | |||
Y×M | 0.053 | * | *** | 0.549 | 0.988 | |||
Y×[CO2] | 0.250 | 0.253 | 0.089 | 0.499 | 0.582 | |||
M×[CO2] | 0.392 | 0.460 | * | 0.164 | 0.063 | |||
Y×M×[CO2] | 0.340 | 0.324 | 0.533 | 0.705 | 0.894 |
Table 3 Brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage, head rice percentage, chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree of Nipponbare and its nitrate-absorption promoting genetic material(NIL)under elevated and ambient CO2 concentration in 2016-2017.
年份 Year | 材料 Material | CO2处理 CO2 treatment | 糙米率 Brown rice percentage/% | 精米率 Milled rice percentage/% | 整精米率 Head rice percentage/% | 垩白粒率 Chalky grain percentage/% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 日本晴 | FACE | 71.4±0.3 | 57.9±1.0 | 53.8±1.8 | 12.5±0.9 | 3.8±0.2 | |
Nipponbare | Ambient | 75.0±4.7 | 60.9±3.6 | 48.8±4.9 | 13.4±1.0 | 4.1±0.1 | ||
Change | -4.9 | -4.8 | 10.3 | -6.9 | -6.6 | |||
NIL | FACE | 78.0±1.4 | 63.8±0.8 | 56.8±2.0 | 8.6±0.2 | 2.7±0.2 | ||
Ambient | 79.5±0.4 | 64.7±0.3 | 62.1±0.6 | 8.1±0.3 | 2.2±0.2 | |||
Change | -1.8 | -1.3 | -8.6 | 6.8 | 21.8 | |||
2017 | 日本晴 | FACE | 81.8±0.4 | 68.7±0.2 | 67.3±0.6 | 24.3±1.6 | 8.2±0.7 | |
Nipponbare | Ambient | 81.5±0.3 | 68.5±0.3 | 61.6±1.0 | 28.0±0.3 | 8.9±0.2 | ||
Change | 0.4 | 0.3 | 9.3 | -13.1 | -8.5 | |||
NIL | FACE | 81.5±0.4 | 68.0±0.9 | 64.7±1.7 | 22.1±5.3 | 7.1±2.0 | ||
Ambient | 81.3±0.1 | 67.9±0.4 | 64.8±1.0 | 22.4±2.5 | 7.0±0.7 | |||
Change | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -1.5 | 1.5 | |||
方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||||
变异来源Source of variation | ||||||||
年际Year(Y) | ** | ** | * | ** | * | |||
材料Material(M) | 0.100 | 0.088 | ** | ** | * | |||
CO2浓度([CO2]) | 0.393 | 0.430 | 0.318 | 0.535 | 0.711 | |||
Y×M | 0.053 | * | *** | 0.549 | 0.988 | |||
Y×[CO2] | 0.250 | 0.253 | 0.089 | 0.499 | 0.582 | |||
M×[CO2] | 0.392 | 0.460 | * | 0.164 | 0.063 | |||
Y×M×[CO2] | 0.340 | 0.324 | 0.533 | 0.705 | 0.894 |
Fig. 2. A linear regression relationship between the change of head rice percentage and chalky grain percentage at elevated [CO2] to ambient [CO2] for all rice varieties of contrasting genetic backgrounds (Zhonghua 11, ZmK2.1-15, ZmK2.1-15, OsKAT3-26, OsKAT3-30, ERF3-7, ERF3-12, Nipponbare, NIL).
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