Advances in Restoration Effects of Rice Growing on Eutrophic Water

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.8005

Abstract

Abstract:

Eutrophication is an important factor limiting sustainable development of agriculture in China. Rice has significant capacity to purify eutrophic water. With in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies, rice planting has great potential in restoration of eutrophic water in lakes, large reservoir, sewage river, fertile water from aquaculture pond, the irrigation return flow and domestic wastewater. With a summary of previous studies, We comprehensively compared the effects of rice planting on the restoration of eutrophic water and the removal efficiency of nutrients, and analyzed the technical characteristic and disadvantages in the application of three modes(floating-bed rice planting, paddy wetland and rice-fish co-culture).

Key words: rice, eutrophic water, remediation technology, technical mode, mechanism

摘要：

水体富营养化是制约我国农业可持续发展的重要因素。水稻具有显著的水质净化能力,利用水稻对富营养化水体进行生态修复成为植物修复的一个重要的研究方向。通过文献调研,总结了水稻对不同富营养化水体(湖泊、水库、污水河道、养殖尾水、农田退水和生活污水)修复效率,综合分析了不同修复模式(浮床种稻、稻田湿地和稻鱼共作)的技术特点、适用范围和影响因素,归纳总结了水稻对富营养化水体修复的主要作用机制,并对下一步的研究提出了相关建议。

关键词: 水稻, 富营养化水体, 生态修复, 技术模式, 作用机理

CLC Number:

Zhiping SUN, Lin QIN, Yaobin LIU, Fengbo LI, Jinfei FENG, Dianxing WU, Fuping FANG. Advances in Restoration Effects of Rice Growing on Eutrophic Water[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(5): 509-518.

孙志萍, 秦琳, 刘耀斌, 李凤博, 冯金飞, 吴殿星, 方福平. 水稻对富营养化水体生态修复效应及其研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(5): 509-518.

Figures/Tables 2

References 65

[1]	程丽巍, 许海, 陈铭达, 刘兆普, 陈巍, 华静霞, 霍珊珊. 水体富营养化成因及其防治措施研究进展. 环境保护科学, 2007, 33(1): 18-21, 38.
	Cheng L W, Xu H, Chen M D, Liu Z P, Chen W, Hua J X, Huo S S.Review on causes of eutrophication of water body and its control measure.Environ Prot Sci, 2007, 33(1): 18-21, 38. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	胡耐根. 水体富营养化的成因及防治对策. 科技信息, 2009, 33: 726-727.
	Hu N G.Causes of water eutrophication and its control measures.Sci & Technol Infor, 2009, 33: 726-727. (in Chinese)
[3]	王哲嵘, 赵婷. 水体富营养化的成因危害及防治. 河南农业, 2012, (1): 20-23.
	Wang Z R, Zhao T.Causes, damages and prevention of water eutrophication.Henan Agric, 2012, 1: 20-23. (in Chinese)
[4]	付春平, 钟成华, 邓春光. 水体富营养化成因分析. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2005, 27(1): 128-131.
	Fu C P, Zhong C H, Deng C G.Analysis on cause of the eutrophication of water body.J Chongqing Jianzhu Univ, 2005, 27(1): 128-131. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Chávez-Crooker P, Obreque-Contreras J.Bioremediation of aquaculture wastes.Curr Opin Biotechnol, 2010, 21(3): 313-317.
[6]	吴建强, 阮晓红, 王雪. 人工湿地中水生植物的作用和选择. 水资源保护, 2005, 21(1): 1-6.
	Wu J Q, Ruan X H, Wang X.Selection and function of aquatic plants in constructed wetlands.Water Res Prot, 2005, 21(1): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	杨雁, 李永梅, 张怀志, 张维理. 不同水稻品种对滇池富营养化水体中氮磷去除效果研究. 西南农业学报, 2010, 23(6): 1923-1929.
	Yang Y, Li Y M, Zhang H Z, Zhang W L.Effect of different varieties of rice on removal phosphorus and nitrogen from eutrophic water in Dianchi lake.Southwest China J Agric Sci, 2010, 23(6): 1923-1929. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	卢进登, 陈红兵, 赵丽娅, 李兆华. 人工浮床栽培7种植物在富营养化水体中的生长特性研究. 环境污染治理技术与设备, 2006, 7(7): 58-61.
	Lu J D, Chen H B, Zhao L Y, Li Z H.Study on the growth characteristics of seven plants cultivated on artificial floating rafts in eutrophic water.Techn Equip Environ Poll Cont, 2006, 7(7): 58-61. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	宋祥甫, 邹国燕, 吴伟明, 金千瑜, 应火冬. 浮床水稻对富营养化水体中氮、磷的去除效果及规律研究. 环境科学学报, 1998, 18(5): 489-494.
	Song X F, Zou G Y, Wu W M, Jin Q Y, Yeng H D.Study on the removal effect and regulation of rice plants on floating-beds to main nutrients and P in eutrophicated water bodies.Acta Sci Circum, 1998, 18(5): 489-494. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	邓志强. 人工浮床净化污染水体中氮磷的研究. 长春: 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 2013.
	Deng Z Q.Study on nitrogen and phosphorus removal by artificial floating bed. Changchun: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	郑立国, 杨仁斌, 王海萍, 宋建军. 组合型生态浮床对水体修复及植物氮磷吸收能力研究. 环境工程学报, 2013, 7(6): 2153-2159.
	Zheng L G, Yang R B, Wang H P, Song J J.Study on water remediation and uptake ability of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants using combined ecological floating bed.Chin J Environ Engin, 2013, 7(6): 2153-2159. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	郭艳英, 潘珉, 何锋, 韩亚平. 一种湿地建设的替代模式——滇池湖滨无耕作水稻种植及初步研究. 中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集. 武汉: 中国环境科学学会, 2009: 486-491.
	Guo Y Y, Pan M, He F, Han Y P.An alternative model for wetland construction—preliminary research on no-tillage rice cultivation in Lakeside of Dianchi Lake. Annual Conference Proceedings of Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences. Wuhan: China environmental science society, 2009: 486-491.
[13]	邱立莉. 三峡库区富营养化水体生态岛修复技术研究. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2006.
	Qiu L L.Study on the eco-island remediation technology in eutrophic water bodies of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2006. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	徐凌悦, 马宏海, 王晨雯, 汪秀芳, 王胜利. 2种浮床植物吸收不同N/P水体中氮磷的研究. 长江科学院院报, 2013, 30(3): 8-11.
	Xu L Y, Ma H H, Wang C W, Wang X F, Wang S L.Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by two plants cultivated on floating bed at different N/P ratios.J Yangtze River Sci Res Instit, 2013, 30(3): 8-11. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	陈继顺, 尹正红, 武绍启, 冷明初, 杨雁峰, 周红艳, 田志敏, 李荣波. 漂浮栽培水稻在污水治理中的应用研究. 农业科技通讯, 2011, (1): 34-37.
	Chen J X, Yin Z H, Wu S Q, Leng M C, Yang Y F, Zhou H Y, Tian Z M, Li R B.Application of floating rice cultivation in sewage treatment.Agric Sci & Technol Newsl, 2011, (1): 34-37. (in Chinese)
[16]	Zhou S, Hosomi M.Nitrogen transformations and balance in a constructed wetland for nutrient-polluted river water treatment using forage rice in Japan.Ecol Eng, 2008, 32(2): 147-155.
[17]	谢迎新, 熊正琴, 赵旭, 邢光熹, 郭天财. 富营养化河水灌溉对稻田土壤氮磷养分贡献的影响——以太湖地区黄泥土为例. 生态学报, 2008, 28(8): 3618-3625.
	Xie Y X, Xiong Z Q, Zhao X, Xing G X, Guo T C.Contribution of nitrogen and phosphorus on eutrophied irrigation water in a paddy soil: A case study in Taihu Lake region.Acta Ecol Sin, 2008, 28(8): 3618-3625. (in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]	Prinsloo J F, Schoonbee H J.Investigation into the feasible of a duck-fish-vegetable integrated agriculture-a quaculture system for developing areas in South Africa.Water South Africa, 1987, 13: 109-118.
[19]	李凤博, 冯金飞, 周锡跃, 吴殿星, 陈凡, 徐春春, 方福平. 鱼塘种稻对养殖水体营养物质的去除作用研究. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(2): 174-180.
	Li F B, Feng J F, Zhou X Y, Wu D X, Chen F, Xu C C, Fang F P.Nutrients removal from fish pond by rice planting.Chin J Rice Sci, 2015, 29(2): 174-180. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	吴启侠, 朱建强, 李谷, 周元. 不同水管理模式下稻田对养殖尾水的净化效果研究. 灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(4): 5-9.
	Wu Qi X, Zhu J Q, Li G, Zhou Y.Purification effect of paddy field on fertile water from fish pond under different water management modes.J Irrig Drain, 2011, 30(4): 5-9. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	周元, 朱建强, 李谷, 吴启侠. 稻田对池塘养殖肥水的吸收利用效果研究. 灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(5): 78-81.
	Zhou Y, Zhu J Q, Li G, Wu Q X.The nutrients in the fertile water from fish pond assimilated and utilized by paddy field.J Irrig Drain, 2011, 30(5): 78-81. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	马克星. 宁夏灌区浮床栽培净化农田退水技术研究. 新乡: 中国农业科学研究院农田灌溉研究所, 2011.
	Ma K X.The study on purification of irrigation return low by floating-beds in Ningxia irrigation region. Xinxiang: Agricultural Irrigation Research institute of China Agricultural Science Research Institute, 2011. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	马克星, 吴海卿, 朱东海, 穆鑫. 宁夏灌区水面植稻净化农田退水效果研究. 灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(4): 103-106.
	Ma K X, Wu H Q, Zhu D H, M X. Purification of irrigation return flow by cultivating rice on water surface in Ningxia irrigation area. J Irrigat Drain, 2011, 30(4): 103-106. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	Feng Y W, Yoshinaga I, Shiratani E, Hitomi T, Hasebe H.Characteristics and behavior of nutrients in a paddy field area equipped with a recycling irrigation system.Agric Water Manag, 2004, 68(1): 47-60.
[25]	Takeda I, Fukushima A, Tanaka R.Non-point pollutant reduction in a paddy-field watershed using a circular irrigation system.Water Res, 1997, 31(11): 2685-2692.
[26]	Belmont M A, Cantellano E, Thompson S, Williamson M, Sánchez A, Metcalfe C D.Treatment of domestic wastewater in a pilot-scale natural treatment system in central Mexico.Ecol Eng, 2004, 23(3-4): 299-311.
[27]	Brix H, Arias C A.The use of vertical flow constructed wetlands for on-site treatment of domestic wastewater: New Danish guidelines.Ecol Eng, 2005, 25(5): 491-500.
[28]	李松. 稻田湿地处理农村生活污水脱氮除磷及其径流试验研究. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2009.
	Li S.Study on nitrogen and phosphorus removal of rural domestic wastewater and its runoff in the paddy wetlands. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2009. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	Sun H J, Zhang H L, Yu Z M, Wu J S, Jiang P K, Yuan X Y, Shi W M.Combination system of full-scale constructed wetlands and wetland paddy fields to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from rural unregulated non-point sources.Environ Geochem Health, 2013, 35(6): 801-809.
[30]	Lin Y F, Jing S R, Lee D Y, Chang Y F, Chen Y M, Shih K C.Performance of a constructed wetland treating intensive shrimp aquaculture wastewater under high hydraulic loading rate.Environ Pollut, 2005, 134(3): 411-421.
[31]	Feng Y W, Yoshinaga I, Shiratani E, Hitomi T, Hasebe H.Characteristics and behavior of nutrients in a paddy field area equipped with a recycling irrigation system.Agric Water Manag, 2004, 68: 47-60.
[32]	陈柏湘. 稻田对池塘养殖废水的净化研究. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2009.
	Chen B X.Study on rice field for the treatment of pond effluents. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2009. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]	Xiong Y J, Peng S Z, Luo Y F, Xu J Z, Yang S H.A paddy eco-ditch and wetland system to reduce non-point source pollution from rice-based production system while maintaining water use efficiency.Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2015, 22(6): 4406-4417.
[34]	李文斌, 李新建, 高学睿, 粟世华, 吴昌智. 桂林市堰塘湿地农田水环境修复技术研究. 灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(2): 119-122.
	Li W B, Li X J, Gao X R, Su S H, Wu C Z.Application of Guilin City's pond-wetland in drainage treatment in agricultural water environment.J Irrigat Drain, 2011, 30(2): 119-122. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	陈兴华, 王方成, 杨树果, 张伟涛, 杨驰原. 应用人工湿地 [稻田系统] 处理北部高寒地区小城镇综合污水. 内蒙古环境科学, 2008, 20(1): 77-80.
	Chen X H, Wang F C, Yang S G, Zhang W T, Yang C Y.The application of north part high and cold small town comprehensive sew age treatment with artificial rice field system.Inner Mongolia Environ Sci 2008, 20(1): 77-80. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]	陈荷生, 宋祥甫, 邹国燕. 利用生态浮床技术治理污染水体. 中国水利, 2005(5): 50-53.
	Chen H S, Song X F, Zou G Y.Treatment in water bodies pollution by ecological floating bed technology.China Water Res, 2005(5): 50-53. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]	Zhou X H, Wang G X.Nutrient concentration variations during Oenanthe javanica growth and decay in the ecological floating bed system.J Environ Sci, 2010, 22(11): 1710-1717.
[38]	黄央央, 江敏, 张饮江, 杜佳沐. 人工浮岛在上海白莲泾河道水质治理中的应用. 环境科学与技术, 2010, 33(8): 108-113.
	Huang Y Y, Jiang M, Zhang Y J, Du J M.Building artificial floating-island for treating Bailianjing River in Shanghai.Environ Sci & Technol, 2010, 33(8): 108-113. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[39]	Kwun S K, Yoon C G, Chung I M.Feasibility study of treated sewage irrigation on paddy rice culture.J Environ Sci Health, 2001, A36(5): 807-818.
[40]	Li S, Li H, Liang X Q, Chen Y X, Cao Z H, Xu Z H.Rural wastewater irrigation and nitrogen removal by the paddy wetland system in the Tai Lake region of China.J Soil Sed, 2009, 9(5): 433-442.
[41]	Hama T, Aoki T, Osuga K, Sugiyama S, Iwasaki D.Reducing the phosphorus effluent load from a paddy-field district through cyclic irrigation.Ecol Eng, 2013, 54: 107-115.
[42]	李凤博, 徐春春, 周锡跃, 方福平. 稻田生态补偿理论与模式研究. 农业现代化研究, 2009, 30(1): 102-105.
	Li F B, Xu C C, Zhou X Y, Fang F P.On theory and model of eco-compensation for paddy field.Res Agric Moder, 2009, 30(1): 102-105. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[43]	冯金飞, 李凤博, 吴殿星, 方福平. 稻作系统对淡水养殖池塘富营养化的修复效应及应用前景. 生态学报, 2014, 34(16): 4480-4487.
	Feng J F, Li F B, Wu D X, Fang F P.Effects of rice cropping systems on the restoration of aquaculture pond eutrophication and its prospective application.Acta Ecol Sin, 2014, 34(16): 4480-4487. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[44]	Frei M, Becker K.Integrated rice-fish culture: Coupled production saves resources.Nat Resour Forum, 2005, 29(2): 135-143.
[45]	Vromant N, Chau N T H, Ollevier F. The effect of rice-seeding and fish stocking on the floodwater ecology of the trench of a concurrent, direct-seeded rice-fish system.Hydrobiologia, 2001, 457: 105-117.
[46]	Hu L L, Ren W Z, Tang J J, Li N N, Zhang J, Chen X.The productivity of traditional rice-fish co-culture can be increased without increasing nitrogen loss to the environment.Agric Ecosys Environ, 2013, 177: 28-34.
[47]	Yaro I, Lamai S L, Oladimeji A A.The effect of different fertilizer treatments on water quality parameters in rice-cum-fish culture systems.J Appl Ichthyol, 2005, 21(5): 399-405.
[48]	Mohanty R K.Density-dependent growth performance of Indian major carps in rainwater reservoirs.J Appl Ichthyol, 2004, 20(2): 123-127.
[49]	Rothuis A J, Vromant N, Xuan V T, Richtere C J J, Olleviera F. The effect of rice seeding rate on rice and fish production and weed abundance in direct-seeded rice-fish culture.Aquaculture, 1999, 172(3-4): 255-274.
[50]	Sun G Z, Zhao Y Q, Allen S.Enhanced removal of organic matter and ammoniacal-nitrogen in a column experiment of tidal flow constructed wetland system.J Biotechnol, 2005, 115(2): 189-197.
[51]	Seo D C, Cho J S, Lee H J, Heo J S.Phosphorus retention capacity of filter media for estimating the longevity of constructed wetland.Water Res, 2005, 39(11): 2445-2457.
[52]	屠晓翠, 蔡妙珍, 孙建国. 大型水生植物对污染水体的净化作用和机理. 安徽农业科学, 2006, 34(12): 2843-2844, 2867.
	Tu X C, Cai M Z, Sun J G.Purification and mechanism of aquatic macrophytes in polluted water.J Anhui Agric Sci, 2006, 34(12): 2843-2844, 2867. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[53]	李志银, 张惠芳, 孙玲, 周德艳. 大型水生植物对污染水体的生态修复. 中国西部科技, 2010, 9(20): 49-50, 52.
	Li Z Y, Zhang H F, Sun l, Zhou D Y. Ecological restoration of polluted water with large aquatic macrophytes.Sci & Technol West China, 2010, 9(20): 49-50, 52. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[54]	白峰青, 郑丙辉, 田自强. 水生植物在水污染控制中的生态效应. 环境科学与技术, 2004, 27(4): 99-100, 110.
	Bai F Q, Zheng B H, Tian Z Q.Ecological effects of aquatic plants on water pollution control.Environ Sci Technol, 2004, 27(4): 99-100, 110. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[55]	旷远文, 温达志, 钟传文, 周国逸. 根系分泌物及其在植物修复中的作用. 植物生态学报, 2003, 27(5): 709-717.
	Kuang Y W, Wen D Z, Zhong C W, Zhou G Y.Root exudates and their roles in phytoremediation.Acta Phytoecol Sin, 2003, 27(5): 709-717. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[56]	余居华, 范成新, 钟继承. 富营养化湖泊水体植物修复及其研究进展. 中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集. 成都. 中国环境科学学会, 四川大学, 2014: 3472-3479.
	Yu J H, Fan C X, Zhong J C.Phytoremediation of eutrophic lakes and its research progress. Annual Conference Proceedings of Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences. Chengdu: Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan University, 2014, 3472-3479.
[57]	Wang C, Zheng S S, Wang P F, Qian J.Effects of vegetations on the removal of contaminants in aquatic environments: A review.J Hydrodyn: Ser B, 2014, 26(4): 497-511.
[58]	蒋春, 蒋薇薇, 周鹏, 张敏. 水生植物修复富营养化水体的机制. 安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(35): 12614-12615, 12618.
	Jiang C, Jiang W W, Zhou P, Zhang M.Mechanisms of hydrophytes remediation for eutrophic waterbody.J Anhui Agric Sci, 2014, 42(35): 12614-12615, 12618. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[59]	Afzal M, Khan Q M, Sessitsch A.Endophytic bacteria: Prospects and applications for the phytoremediation of organic pollutants.Chemosphere, 2014, 117: 232-242.
[60]	Brix H.Functions of macrophytes in constructed wetlands.Water Sci Technol, 1994, 29(4): 71-78.
[61]	种云霄, 胡洪营, 钱易. 大型水生植物在水污染治理中的应用研究进展. 环境污染治理技术与设备, 2003, 4(2): 36-40.
	Chong Y X, Hu H Y, Qian Y.Advances in utilization of macrophytes in water pollution control.Tech Equip Environ Poll Cont, 2003, 4(2): 36-40. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[62]	张友元, 陈振声. 水生植物对污染水体中氮磷含量净化效果的研究进展. 安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(24): 8317-8318, 8322.
	Zhang Y Y, Chen Z S.Research advances on phytoremediation of nitrogen and phosphorus polluted water by aquatic macrophytes.J Anhui Agric Sci, 2014, 42(24): 8317-8318, 8322. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[63]	Fennessy M S, Gonk J K, Mitsch W J.Macrophyte productivity and community development in created freshwater wetlands under experimental hydrological conditions.Ecol Eng, 1994, 3(4): 469-484.
[64]	Ren L, Yang J.Nitrogen nutrients cycling in marine environment and its modeling research.Adv Earth Sci, 2000, 15(1): 58-64.
[65]	Ingersoll T L, Baker, LA.Nitrate removal in wetland microcosms.Water Res, 1998, 32(3): 677-684.

地点 Location	模式 Model	水源 Source of water	去除量Remove quantity
地点 Location	模式 Model	水源 Source of water	TN	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	NO₂^--N	TP	PO₄^3-	TSS	COD	BOD
湖南^[11] Hunan	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	湖南农业大学校内景观湖Landscape lake in Hunan agricultural university campus	10	6	-	-	0.80	-	-	-	-
重庆^[13] Chongqing	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	三峡库区 The Three Gorges Reservoir	2.73	-	-	-	0.07	-	-	-	-
黑龙江^[10] Heilongjiang	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	小兴凯湖 Small Xingkai Lake	7.70	-	-	-	0.83	-	-	-	-
云南^[7] Yunnan	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	河水 River water	-	13.20	-	-	1.20	-	-	-	-
湖北^[20] Hubei	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	长江排污 The Yangtze River drainage	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
东京^[16] Tokyo	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	河水 River water	-	10	129	4	-	-	-	-	-
江苏^[17] Jiangsu	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	河水 River water	29.73	-	-	-	2.92	-	-	-	-
台湾^[30] Taiwan	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	养殖尾水 Fertile water from fish pond	-	340	-	580	-	-	26700	-	-
筑波	稻田湿地	Kokai河	398	-	-	-	37	-	-	-	-
Tsukuba^[31]	Paddy wetlands	Kokai river
湖北^[32] Hubei	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	养殖尾水 Fertile water from fish pond	109.54~124.36	-	-	-	46.60~47.15	-	-	-	-
宁夏^[22] Ningxia	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	-	2.13	6.27	-	2.19	9.98	-	-	-
江苏^[33] Jiangsu	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	1.40	-	-	-	0.02	-	-	-	-
广西^[34] Guangxi	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	1.15	-	-	-	0.16	-	-	-	-
黑龙江^[35] Heilongjiang	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	城镇生活污水 Municipal sewage	-	-	-	-	-	-	58.43	163.27	42.80
浙江^[28] Zhejiang	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农村生活污水 Rural domestic wastewater	3.43	-	-	-	6.59	-	-	-	-

地点 Location	模式 Model	水源 Source of water	去除量Remove quantity
地点 Location	模式 Model	水源 Source of water	TN	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	NO₂^--N	TP	PO₄^3-	TSS	COD	BOD
湖南^[11] Hunan	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	湖南农业大学校内景观湖Landscape lake in Hunan agricultural university campus	10	6	-	-	0.80	-	-	-	-
重庆^[13] Chongqing	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	三峡库区 The Three Gorges Reservoir	2.73	-	-	-	0.07	-	-	-	-
黑龙江^[10] Heilongjiang	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	小兴凯湖 Small Xingkai Lake	7.70	-	-	-	0.83	-	-	-	-
云南^[7] Yunnan	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	河水 River water	-	13.20	-	-	1.20	-	-	-	-
湖北^[20] Hubei	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	长江排污 The Yangtze River drainage	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
东京^[16] Tokyo	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	河水 River water	-	10	129	4	-	-	-	-	-
江苏^[17] Jiangsu	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	河水 River water	29.73	-	-	-	2.92	-	-	-	-
台湾^[30] Taiwan	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	养殖尾水 Fertile water from fish pond	-	340	-	580	-	-	26700	-	-
筑波	稻田湿地	Kokai河	398	-	-	-	37	-	-	-	-
Tsukuba^[31]	Paddy wetlands	Kokai river
湖北^[32] Hubei	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	养殖尾水 Fertile water from fish pond	109.54~124.36	-	-	-	46.60~47.15	-	-	-	-
宁夏^[22] Ningxia	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	-	2.13	6.27	-	2.19	9.98	-	-	-
江苏^[33] Jiangsu	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	1.40	-	-	-	0.02	-	-	-	-
广西^[34] Guangxi	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	1.15	-	-	-	0.16	-	-	-	-
黑龙江^[35] Heilongjiang	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	城镇生活污水 Municipal sewage	-	-	-	-	-	-	58.43	163.27	42.80
浙江^[28] Zhejiang	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农村生活污水 Rural domestic wastewater	3.43	-	-	-	6.59	-	-	-	-

修复模式 Model	修复机理 Mechanism of remediation	优缺点 Advantage and disadvantage
生态浮床 Ecological floating bed	水稻直接吸收;改善微环境;根系和浮床基质吸附	优点：成本较低、效果好、易管理、适用范围广缺点：漂浮床体等易产生二次污染
稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	水稻生长的吸收利用;土壤的吸附和土壤微生物的降解	优点：成本较低、工艺流程简单、运行管理方便缺点：受地域限制、二次污染风险大
稻鱼共生 Rice-fish co-culture	水稻直接吸收;土壤的吸附和土壤微生物的降解;改善溶氧、降低沉积物再悬浮等间接作用	优点：成本低、操作简单、污染少、生态互惠缺点：稻田养鱼受水稻生长期限制,共生品种有限;鱼塘种稻适合水深1.5 m以下水体

修复模式 Model	修复机理 Mechanism of remediation	优缺点 Advantage and disadvantage
生态浮床 Ecological floating bed	水稻直接吸收;改善微环境;根系和浮床基质吸附	优点：成本较低、效果好、易管理、适用范围广缺点：漂浮床体等易产生二次污染
稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	水稻生长的吸收利用;土壤的吸附和土壤微生物的降解	优点：成本较低、工艺流程简单、运行管理方便缺点：受地域限制、二次污染风险大
稻鱼共生 Rice-fish co-culture	水稻直接吸收;土壤的吸附和土壤微生物的降解;改善溶氧、降低沉积物再悬浮等间接作用	优点：成本低、操作简单、污染少、生态互惠缺点：稻田养鱼受水稻生长期限制,共生品种有限;鱼塘种稻适合水深1.5 m以下水体