Progress in Structures, Functions and Interactions of Starch Synthesis Related Enzymes in Rice Endosperm

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6132

Abstract

Abstract:

Starch is the predominant rice seed reserves. Rice yield and eating quality are influenced by the process of starch biosynthesis. In endosperm amyloplast, starch biosynthesis is a result of complex network of many enzymes. This report summarized the structures, functions and interactions of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch synthases (SSs), starch branching enzymes (BEs) and starch debranching enzymes (DBEs). It will provide helpful information to breed high yield and good quality rice.

Key words: rice, starch synthesis, endosperm

摘要：

淀粉作为稻米最主要的储藏物质,其生物合成过程直接影响水稻的产量和品质。水稻淀粉的生物合成在造粉体中通过一系列酶促反应完成。本文综述了淀粉合成过程中ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、淀粉合酶(SSs)、淀粉分支酶(BE)及淀粉脱支酶(DBE)的结构、功能以及各酶之间的相互作用的最新研究进展,以期为稻米品质改良提供理论参考依据。

关键词: 水稻, 淀粉合成, 胚乳

CLC Number:

Yaling CHEN, Jinsong BAO. Progress in Structures, Functions and Interactions of Starch Synthesis Related Enzymes in Rice Endosperm[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(1): 1-12.

陈雅玲, 包劲松. 水稻胚乳淀粉合成相关酶的结构、功能及其互作研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(1): 1-12.

Figures/Tables 4

References 86

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酶 Enzyme	基因 Gene	染色体 Chromosome	最高表达时期 Highest expression stage(DAF)	突变体 Mutant	功能 Function
AGPase	AGPLSU	5,1,3,7	6~15	osagpl2	酶的调控中心Regulation center of the enzyme
	AGPSSU	9,8	6	osagps2	酶的活性中心 Activity center of the enzyme
SSs	GBSSⅠ	6	6,15	waxy	合成直连淀粉或形成超长链 Synthesis of amylose or formation of extra-long chain
	SSⅠ	6	10	ssⅠ	延伸DP 6-7的链形成DP 8-12的链 Formation of the DP 8-12 chain through elongated the DP 6-7 chain
	SSⅡa/SSⅡ-3	6	无明显表达高峰 No obvious peaks	Most japonica	延伸DP≤10的短链形成 DP 12-24的中链 Formation of the DP 12-24 chain through elongated the DP≤10 short chain
	SSⅢa/SSⅢ-2	8	无明显表达高峰 No obvious peak	flo5	形成 DP>30的长链Formation of DP>30 long chain
	SSⅣa	1	无明显表达高峰 No obvious peak	-	涉及淀粉颗粒的形成及控制颗粒数量 Involve formation of starch granules and control the number of starch granules
	SSⅣb	5	10	ss4b	涉及淀粉颗粒的形成及控制颗粒数量 Involve formation of starch granules and control the number of starch granules
BEs	BEⅠ	6	10	sbe1	分支多聚葡萄糖链,形成B链簇状结构 Branch glucose chain and form the cluster structure of b chain
	BEⅡb	2	10	ae	分支多聚葡萄糖链,形成A链 Branch glucose chain and form A chain
DBEs	ISA1	8	10	sugary1	形成同源复合物,去除不当分支 Cleavage improper branch through homologous complexes of ISA1
	ISA2	5	10	-	与ISA1形成异源复合物 Form the heterogeneous complexes with ISA1
	PUL	4	10	pul	补偿ISA功能 Compensate the function of ISA

酶 Enzyme	基因 Gene	染色体 Chromosome	最高表达时期 Highest expression stage(DAF)	突变体 Mutant	功能 Function
AGPase	AGPLSU	5,1,3,7	6~15	osagpl2	酶的调控中心Regulation center of the enzyme
	AGPSSU	9,8	6	osagps2	酶的活性中心 Activity center of the enzyme
SSs	GBSSⅠ	6	6,15	waxy	合成直连淀粉或形成超长链 Synthesis of amylose or formation of extra-long chain
	SSⅠ	6	10	ssⅠ	延伸DP 6-7的链形成DP 8-12的链 Formation of the DP 8-12 chain through elongated the DP 6-7 chain
	SSⅡa/SSⅡ-3	6	无明显表达高峰 No obvious peaks	Most japonica	延伸DP≤10的短链形成 DP 12-24的中链 Formation of the DP 12-24 chain through elongated the DP≤10 short chain
	SSⅢa/SSⅢ-2	8	无明显表达高峰 No obvious peak	flo5	形成 DP>30的长链Formation of DP>30 long chain
	SSⅣa	1	无明显表达高峰 No obvious peak	-	涉及淀粉颗粒的形成及控制颗粒数量 Involve formation of starch granules and control the number of starch granules
	SSⅣb	5	10	ss4b	涉及淀粉颗粒的形成及控制颗粒数量 Involve formation of starch granules and control the number of starch granules
BEs	BEⅠ	6	10	sbe1	分支多聚葡萄糖链,形成B链簇状结构 Branch glucose chain and form the cluster structure of b chain
	BEⅡb	2	10	ae	分支多聚葡萄糖链,形成A链 Branch glucose chain and form A chain
DBEs	ISA1	8	10	sugary1	形成同源复合物,去除不当分支 Cleavage improper branch through homologous complexes of ISA1
	ISA2	5	10	-	与ISA1形成异源复合物 Form the heterogeneous complexes with ISA1
	PUL	4	10	pul	补偿ISA功能 Compensate the function of ISA