杂交稻条播育秧机插秧苗素质对产量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240405

中国水稻科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 245-254.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240405

杂交稻条播育秧机插秧苗素质对产量的影响

唐承翰¹^,^#, 王晶卿¹^,^#, 陈惠哲¹, 张玉屏¹, 向镜¹, 张义凯¹, 王志刚¹, 怀燕², 陈佳峰³, 王亚梁¹^,^*()

¹中国水稻研究所 / 水稻生物育种全国重点实验室，杭州 311400
²浙江省农业技术推广中心，杭州 310020
³杭州赛得林智能装备有限公司，杭州 310000

收稿日期:2024-04-15 修回日期:2024-10-08 出版日期:2025-03-10 发布日期:2025-03-19
通讯作者: * email：wangyaliang@caas.cn
作者简介:
^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划资助项目(2023ZDXT01);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFD2301404);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFD2301304);云南科技厅科技计划项目(202402AE090007-1);2022年度拱墅区“大运英才”创新创业项目

Effects of Hybrid Rice Seedling Quality in Drill-seeding Nursery on Grain Yield in Mechanical Transplanting

TANG Chenghan¹^,^#, WANG Jingqing¹^,^#, CHEN Huizhe¹, ZHANG Yuping¹, XIANG Jing¹, ZHANG Yikai¹, WANG Zhigang¹, HUAI Yan², CHEN Jiafeng³, WANG Yaliang¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
²Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
³Hangzhou Sedlin Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China

Received:2024-04-15 Revised:2024-10-08 Online:2025-03-10 Published:2025-03-19
Contact: * email：wangyaliang@caas.cn
About author:
^#These authors contributed equally to this work

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】精准条播育秧可提升机插秧苗素质与群体均匀度。本研究旨在阐明杂交稻条播育秧秧苗素质与机插产量间的关系，为构建高产群体提供理论依据。【方法】本研究选用籼粳杂交稻甬优1538为供试品种，设置3个条播规格(D1：16条，D2：18条，D3：20条)和3个每穴播种粒数（S1：3粒，S2：4粒，S3：5粒）处理。播种规格为每个秧盘横向播种40次，纵向播种次数与播种条数相对应。分析比较了不同处理下水稻的秧苗素质、群体分蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累、穗部性状、产量及其构成要素。【结果】 (1)每穴播种粒数和播种条数越少，秧苗素质越高；秧苗素质提高有利于增加移栽后秧苗第2、第3叶位分蘖的发生比例和单株分蘖力；每穴播种粒数越高，群体成穗率越低。(2)每穴播种粒数相同条件下，降低播种条数使群体的叶面积指数和地上部干物质量增加；每穴播种粒数越多，群体收获指数越低。(3)减少每穴播种粒数，增加了每穗粒数，并对籽粒的结实率起到促进作用；通过减少播种条数能有效提高二次枝梗着粒的结实率。(4)降低播种条数可以使产量增加，D₁的平均产量较D₂、D₃分别提升5.0%、10.8%；每穴播种粒数为4粒时，群体产量较高，S₂的平均产量较S₁、S₃的分别提升6.0%、7.1%。(5)单株产量与秧苗充实度的相关性最高，秧苗充实度每提升1 mg/cm，单株产量提高13.94 g。【结论】壮秧能够提高机插秧苗低位分蘖的比例，秧苗充实度可作为判断秧苗素质的重要指标，降低播种量是促进壮秧的最有效措施。在相同基本苗下，机插壮秧提高了群体的叶面积指数和干物质积累量，通过提高有效穗数而获得高产。

关键词: 杂交稻, 机插秧, 秧苗素质, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】Precision drill sowing improves the quality of machine-transplanted seedlings and enhances population uniformity. This study aims to clarify the relationship between seedling quality of hybrid rice under drill sowing and yield formation in mechanized transplanting, thereby guiding the establishment of high-yield populations. 【Method】Using indica-japonica hybrid rice “Yongyou 1538”, three drill specifications (D₁: 16 rows, D₂: 18 rows, D₃: 20 rows) and three seed usages (seeds per hole, S₁: 3, S2: 4, S₃: 5) were tested. Each seeding tray was sown 40 times horizontally, with vertical sowing times matching the drill number. Seedling quality, tillering dynamics, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation, panicle traits, yield, and their components were analyzed. 【Result】 (1) Few drill rows and fewer seeds per hole improved seedling quality, promoting tillering at the 2nd and 3rd leaf positions. The more seeds per hole reduced productive panicle rate. (2) Fewer drills increased LAI and dry matter accumulation. Higher seeds per hole lowered harvest index. (3) Fewer seeds per hole increased grains per panicle and partially improved seed-setting rate. Fewer drills enhanced seed-setting rate of secondary branches. (4) D₁ yield exceeded D₂ and D₃ by 5.0% and 10.8%, respectively; S₂ (4 seeds per hole) yield surpassed S₁ and S₃ by 6.0% and 7.1%. (5) Yield correlated most strongly with seedling fullness (13.94 g increase per 1 mg/cm). 【Conclusion】Robust seedlings enhance low-position tillering. Seedling fullness is a key indicator of seedling vigor, achievable through reduced seeding rates. Under identical basic seedlings, robust seedlings improve LAI and dry matter accumulation, increasing yield via productive panicles.

Key words: hybrid rice, machine-transplanted rice seedling, seedling quality, yield

唐承翰, 王晶卿, 陈惠哲, 张玉屏, 向镜, 张义凯, 王志刚, 怀燕, 陈佳峰, 王亚梁. 杂交稻条播育秧机插秧苗素质对产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(2): 245-254.

TANG Chenghan, WANG Jingqing, CHEN Huizhe, ZHANG Yuping, XIANG Jing, ZHANG Yikai, WANG Zhigang, HUAI Yan, CHEN Jiafeng, WANG Yaliang. Effects of Hybrid Rice Seedling Quality in Drill-seeding Nursery on Grain Yield in Mechanical Transplanting[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(2): 245-254.

图/表 10

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处理 Treatment	条播播种规格 Drill seeding specification	每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds sown per hole	每盘播种量 Seeding amount per tray(g)	每穴种植苗数 Seedlings per hole
S₁D₁	16	3	44.16	2
S₁D₂	18	3	49.68	2
S₁D₃	20	3	55.20	2
S₂D₁	16	4	58.88	3
S₂D₂	18	4	66.24	3
S₂D₃	20	4	73.60	3
S₃D₁	16	5	73.60	4
S₃D₂	18	5	82.80	4
S₃D₃	20	5	92.00	4

处理 Treatment	条播播种规格 Drill seeding specification	每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds sown per hole	每盘播种量 Seeding amount per tray(g)	每穴种植苗数 Seedlings per hole
S₁D₁	16	3	44.16	2
S₁D₂	18	3	49.68	2
S₁D₃	20	3	55.20	2
S₂D₁	16	4	58.88	3
S₂D₂	18	4	66.24	3
S₂D₃	20	4	73.60	3
S₃D₁	16	5	73.60	4
S₃D₂	18	5	82.80	4
S₃D₃	20	5	92.00	4

每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds per hole	播种条数 Number of drill sowing	叶龄 Leaf age	苗高 Seeding height(cm)	茎基宽 Stem base width(mm)	根长 Root length(cm)	根数 Number of roots	百株苗干物质量 Dry matter weight of 100 seedlings(g)	秧苗充实度 Fullness of seedling(mg/cm)
S₁	D₁	3.41±0.12 a	15.97±0.29 a	2.94±0.12 a	11.50±0.51 a	13.67±0.85 a	4.76±0.17 a	2.39±0.12 a
	D₂	3.31±0.04 ab	16.27±0.26 a	2.79±0.16 ab	10.76±0.51 b	12.90±0.70 a	4.65±0.17 a	2.29±0.08 ab
	D₃	3.24±0.12 b	16.41±0.34 a	2.65±0.14 b	10.30±0.25 b	11.40±0.56 b	4.41±0.34 a	2.15±0.19 b
S₂	D₁	3.11±0.10 a	16.29±0.36 a	2.58±0.07 a	10.02±0.28 a	11.23±0.50 a	4.02±0.21 a	1.98±0.15 a
	D₂	3.02±0.09 a	16.52±0.39 a	2.43±0.08 ab	9.68±0.16 a	10.40±0.56 ab	3.79±0.33 ab	1.84±0.12 ab
	D₃	3.00±0.03 a	16.84±0.32 a	2.33±0.06 b	9.57±0.10 a	10.10±0.60 b	3.55±0.28 b	1.69±0.15 b
S₃	D₁	3.02±0.07 a	16.67±0.43 a	2.33±0.08 a	9.54±0.24 a	9.93±0.65 a	3.33±0.29 a	1.60±0.17 a
	D₂	2.95±0.08 a	16.84±0.61 a	2.23±0.06 ab	9.27±0.23 a	9.47±0.35 a	3.19±0.18 a	1.52±0.08 a
	D₃	2.79±0.06 b	17.29±0.44 a	2.13±0.09 b	9.05±0.24 a	9.07±0.35 a	3.09±0.18 a	1.43±0.06 a
每穴播种粒数(S) Number of seeds per hole		81.420^**	61.256^**	399.148^**	41.902^**	45.056^**	366.592^**	472.400^**
播种条数(D) Number of sowing rows		13.800^*	34.331^**	75.287^**	8.396^*	8.805^*	23.879^**	44.576^**
每穴粒数×播种条数 S×D		0.654	0.121	0.185	1.447	1.493	0.198	0.161

每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds per hole	播种条数 Number of drill sowing	叶龄 Leaf age	苗高 Seeding height(cm)	茎基宽 Stem base width(mm)	根长 Root length(cm)	根数 Number of roots	百株苗干物质量 Dry matter weight of 100 seedlings(g)	秧苗充实度 Fullness of seedling(mg/cm)
S₁	D₁	3.41±0.12 a	15.97±0.29 a	2.94±0.12 a	11.50±0.51 a	13.67±0.85 a	4.76±0.17 a	2.39±0.12 a
	D₂	3.31±0.04 ab	16.27±0.26 a	2.79±0.16 ab	10.76±0.51 b	12.90±0.70 a	4.65±0.17 a	2.29±0.08 ab
	D₃	3.24±0.12 b	16.41±0.34 a	2.65±0.14 b	10.30±0.25 b	11.40±0.56 b	4.41±0.34 a	2.15±0.19 b
S₂	D₁	3.11±0.10 a	16.29±0.36 a	2.58±0.07 a	10.02±0.28 a	11.23±0.50 a	4.02±0.21 a	1.98±0.15 a
	D₂	3.02±0.09 a	16.52±0.39 a	2.43±0.08 ab	9.68±0.16 a	10.40±0.56 ab	3.79±0.33 ab	1.84±0.12 ab
	D₃	3.00±0.03 a	16.84±0.32 a	2.33±0.06 b	9.57±0.10 a	10.10±0.60 b	3.55±0.28 b	1.69±0.15 b
S₃	D₁	3.02±0.07 a	16.67±0.43 a	2.33±0.08 a	9.54±0.24 a	9.93±0.65 a	3.33±0.29 a	1.60±0.17 a
	D₂	2.95±0.08 a	16.84±0.61 a	2.23±0.06 ab	9.27±0.23 a	9.47±0.35 a	3.19±0.18 a	1.52±0.08 a
	D₃	2.79±0.06 b	17.29±0.44 a	2.13±0.09 b	9.05±0.24 a	9.07±0.35 a	3.09±0.18 a	1.43±0.06 a
每穴播种粒数(S) Number of seeds per hole		81.420^**	61.256^**	399.148^**	41.902^**	45.056^**	366.592^**	472.400^**
播种条数(D) Number of sowing rows		13.800^*	34.331^**	75.287^**	8.396^*	8.805^*	23.879^**	44.576^**
每穴粒数×播种条数 S×D		0.654	0.121	0.185	1.447	1.493	0.198	0.161

每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds per hole	播种条数 Number of sowing rows	第2叶位分蘖发生比例 Percentage of tillers at the 2nd leaf position (%)	第3叶位分蘖发生比例 Percentage of tillers at the 3rd leaf position (%)	单株分蘖力 Tillering capacity per plant	成穗率 Productive tiller rate (%)
S₁	D₁	59.61±1.34 a	94.46±2.14 a	4.25±0.17 a	85.79±0.77 a
	D₂	53.55±1.93 b	93.15±2.26 a	4.14±0.14 ab	85.31±0.41 a
	D₃	47.09±1.72 c	92.52±1.50 a	4.07±0.12 b	85.23±0.76 a
S₂	D₁	38.07±2.84 a	89.92±2.09 a	3.19±0.08 a	80.00±0.14 a
	D₂	32.68±1.38 b	87.22±1.80 a	3.06±0.05 ab	79.91±0.44 a
	D₃	28.45±1.75 c	82.94±1.59 b	2.97±0.06 b	79.64±0.60 a
S₃	D₁	20.74±1.93 a	72.48±2.50 a	2.58±0.03 a	69.99±0.53 a
	D₂	14.41±3.00 b	67.92±2.49 b	2.50±0.05 ab	69.44±0.76 a
	D₃	4.91±3.04 c	59.00±2.99 c	2.38±0.07 b	68.99±0.32 a
每穴播种粒数(S) Number of seeds per hole		428.964^**	66.119^**	8174.564^**	1853.467^**
播种条数(D) Number of sowing rows		42.870^**	4.781	116.719^**	2.922
每穴粒数×播种条数S×D		1.741	5.528^**	0.082	0.313

杂交稻条播育秧机插秧苗素质对产量的影响

Effects of Hybrid Rice Seedling Quality in Drill-seeding Nursery on Grain Yield in Mechanical Transplanting

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每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds per hole	播种条数 Number of drill sowing	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
S₁	D₁	1.25±0.03 a	4.27±0.08 a	5.88±0.15 a	2.51±0.05 a
	D₂	1.17±0.04 b	4.17±0.11 ab	5.74±0.06 ab	2.38±0.03 b
	D₃	1.15±0.04 b	4.02±0.12 b	5.62±0.09 b	2.33±0.07 b
S₂	D₁	1.45±0.06 a	4.90±0.08 a	6.79±0.12 a	3.01±0.04 a
	D₂	1.38±0.07 ab	4.67±0.12 b	6.61±0.11 ab	2.93±0.03 b
	D₃	1.34±0.04 b	4.56±0.12 b	6.44±0.10 b	2.85±0.03 b
S₃	D₁	1.80±0.06 a	5.41±0.11 a	7.13±0.21 a	3.20±0.04 a
	D₂	1.74±0.05 ab	5.26±0.12 a	6.97±0.13 a	3.07±0.05 b
	D₃	1.67±0.03 b	5.05±0.08 b	6.72±0.14 b	2.89±0.05 c
每穴播种粒数(S) Number of seeds per hole		1938.896^**	558.760^**	604.348^**	174.983^**
播种条数(D) Number of drill sowing		83.625^**	47.388^**	46.151^**	17.126^*
每穴粒数×播种条数S×D		0.160	0.420	0.338	2.829

每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds per hole	播种条数 Number of drill sowing	地上部干物质总质量Total dry matter for aboveground parts(t/hm²)					收获指数 Harvest index(%)
每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds per hole	播种条数 Number of drill sowing	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	抽穗至成熟期 From heading to maturity	收获指数 Harvest index(%)
S₁	D₁	1.49±0.05 a	6.99±0.20 a	13.47±0.26 a	20.44±0.32 a	6.97±0.19 a	48.31±1.62 a
	D₂	1.41±0.06 ab	6.62±0.28 ab	13.09±0.23 ab	19.12±0.44 b	6.03±0.22 b	48.26±1.26 a
	D₃	1.34±0.06 b	6.37±0.42 b	12.87±0.43 b	18.54±0.36 b	5.66±0.20 c	48.14±1.09 a
S₂	D₁	1.65±0.04 a	8.11±0.36 a	15.11±0.31 a	22.93±0.40 a	7.81±0.22 a	45.58±0.79 a
	D₂	1.58±0.06 ab	7.64±0.37 ab	14.50±0.33 b	21.99±0.44 b	7.49±0.13 a	45.15±0.71 a
	D₃	1.51±0.04 b	7.38±0.28 b	14.13±0.06 b	21.27±0.44 c	7.14±0.14 b	44.99±1.81 a
S₃	D₁	1.88±0.07 a	9.05±0.36 a	16.05±0.28 a	24.08±0.39 a	8.03±0.19 a	40.83±1.34 a
	D₂	1.74±0.07 b	8.60±0.35 a	15.62±0.30 a	23.14±0.26 b	7.52±0.21 b	40.78±1.66 a
	D₃	1.71±0.05 b	8.00±0.23 b	14.92±0.22 b	22.13±0.34 c	7.20±0.23 b	40.02±1.36 a
每穴播种粒数(S) Number of seeds per hole		230.219^**	173.918^**	169.302^**	557.414^**	49.175^**	994.842^**
播种条数(D) Number of drill sowing		41.235^**	30.938^**	23.840^**	126.805^**	19.168^**	4.711
每穴粒数×播种条数S×D		0.430	0.442	0.947	0.415	2.764	0.076

每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds per hole	播种条数 Number of drill sowing	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	一次枝梗Primary branch			二次枝梗Secondary branch
每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds per hole	播种条数 Number of drill sowing	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	枝梗数 Branch number	着粒数 Number of grains	结实率 Seed setting rate(%)	枝梗数 Branch number	着粒数 Number of grains	结实率 Seed setting rate(%)
S₁	D₁	22.41±0.40 a	16.17±0.39 a	92.01±0.87 a	93.76±0.61 a	65.31±1.03 a	201.33±5.12 a	89.90±1.67 a
	D₂	22.36±0.33 a	16.07±0.32 a	91.52±0.58 a	93.85±0.68 a	64.37±0.68 a	199.94±2.17 a	87.73±1.30 b
	D₃	22.23±0.35 a	16.19±0.41 a	91.62±1.00 a	93.72±1.13 a	64.10±0.84 a	199.06±4.34 a	85.99±0.87 b
S₂	D₁	20.93±0.22 a	15.42±0.46 a	89.29±1.40 a	93.21±0.63 a	63.28±0.83 a	196.47±5.16 a	87.30±1.17 a
	D₂	20.88±0.19 a	15.36±0.34 a	89.13±0.89 a	92.76±0.72 a	63.10±0.91 a	194.24±3.27 a	84.98±1.22 b
	D₃	20.90±0.24 a	15.35±0.38 a	89.14±0.97 a	92.59±0.53 a	62.55±0.58 a	194.16±3.10 a	83.19±1.08 b
S₃	D₁	20.23±0.20 a	14.54±0.35 a	85.17±1.25 a	92.46±1.01 a	60.90±0.88 a	187.83±3.06 a	86.25±1.30 a
	D₂	20.29±0.18 a	14.42±0.26 a	84.37±0.67 a	92.36±1.02 a	60.62±1.22 a	187.76±4.49 a	84.99±1.05 a
	D₃	20.18±0.24 a	14.36±0.25 a	84.22±0.97 a	92.53±0.66 a	59.68±0.65 a	185.92±3.13 a	81.37±1.39 b
每穴播种粒数(S) Number of seeds per hole		1254.318^**	658.848^**	809.762^**	34.026^**	226.582^**	381.704^**	37.512^**
播种条数(D) Number of drill sowing		2.259	2.356	4.979	0.837	14.186^*	10.564^*	48.084^**
每穴粒数×播种条数S×D		0.111	0.079	0.15	0.191	0.236	0.066	0.560

每穴播种粒数 Number of seeds per hole	播种条数 Number of drill sowing	有效穗数 No. of productive panicles (×10⁴/hm²)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)	单株穗数 Panicles of single plant	单株产量 Yield of single plant(g)
S₁	D₁	166.91±4.79 a	293.14±7.54 a	91.33±1.07 a	22.05±0.50 a	9.37±0.26 a	4.51±0.13 a	25.30±0.69 a
	D₂	162.35±4.26 ab	291.97±6.74 a	89.93±1.78 ab	22.02±0.56 a	8.91±0.19 b	4.38±0.12 ab	24.07±0.50 b
	D₃	160.06±3.69 b	290.87±7.16 a	88.61±1.77 b	21.97±0.45 a	8.53±0.13 c	4.32±0.10 b	23.04±0.35 c
S₂	D₁	186.11±3.46 a	285.28±8.68 a	89.32±1.73 a	22.03±0.37 a	9.92±0.23 a	3.35±0.08 a	17.86±0.40 a
	D₂	180.19±3.35 ab	283.92±5.98 a	87.93±1.44 a	22.06±0.28 a	9.43±0.12 b	3.30±0.14 ab	17.29±0.76 a
	D₃	175.62±2.68 b	283.54±7.07 a	86.95±0.85 a	22.07±0.42 a	9.08±0.12 c	3.16±0.08 b	16.34±0.40 b
S₃	D₁	185.64±1.52 a	272.18±6.79 a	88.18±1.05 a	22.04±0.33 a	9.33±0.19 a	2.75±0.08 a	13.84±0.33 a
	D₂	179.86±4.34 a	272.86±7.79 a	87.15±1.30 ab	22.03±0.40 a	8.96±0.17 b	2.65±0.11 a	13.19±0.55 ab
	D₃	172.50±4.30 b	270.43±6.43 a	84.83±1.84 b	21.98±0.48 a	8.27±0.22 c	2.57±0.06 a	12.33±0.37 b
每穴播种粒数(S) Number of seeds per hole		100.999^**	760.877^**	60.699^**	1.624	36.596^**	4100.837^**	1749.955^**
播种条数(D) Number of drill sowing		27.378^**	7.046^*	45.586^**	1.031	67.117^**	44.802^**	43.955^**
每穴粒数×播种条数S×D		0.613	0.024	0.182	0.017	0.819	0.163	0.625

性状 Trait	单株分蘖力 Tillering ability in individual plant	单株穗数 Panicle of single plant	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate	千粒重 1000-grain weight	单株产量 Yield of single plant
叶龄Leaf age	0.874^**	0.876^**	0.716^**	0.761^**	−0.087	0.904^**
苗高Seeding height	−0.631^**	−0.636^**	−0.623^**	−0.695^**	−0.096	−0.666^**
茎基宽Stem base width	0.889^**	0.883^**	0.706^**	0.814^**	−0.100	0.913^**
根长Root length	0.860^**	0.864^**	0.643^**	0.735^**	−0.083	0.886^**
根数Number of roots	0.887^**	0.891^**	0.774^**	0.802^**	−0.148	0.912^**
苗干物质重Dry matter weight of seedlings	0.938^**	0.925^**	0.797^**	0.677^**	−0.165	0.930^**
秧苗充实度Fullness of seeding	0.934^**	0.923^**	0.803^**	0.708^**	−0.133	0.932^**

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