播种量对机插水卷苗秧苗素质及产量形成的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7103

中国水稻科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 247-256.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7103

播种量对机插水卷苗秧苗素质及产量形成的影响

李玉祥^1,², 何知舟¹, 丁艳锋¹, 王绍华¹, 刘正辉¹, 唐设¹, 丁承强¹, 陈琳¹, 李刚华^1,^*()

¹江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心/南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,南京 210095
²新疆石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2017-08-29 修回日期:2017-11-22 出版日期:2018-05-10 发布日期:2018-05-10
通讯作者: 李刚华
基金资助:
国家重点研究计划资助项目(2017YFD0301200,2016YFD0300505);江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2017369);江苏现代农业产业体系资助项目(SXGC[2017]283);石河子大学高层次人才资助项目(RCSX201724)

Effects of Sowing Densities on Quality and YieldFormation of Hydroponically Grown Long-mat Rice Seedlings Under Mechanical Transplanting

Yuxiang LI^1,², Zhizhou HE¹, Yanfeng DING¹, Shaohua WANG¹, Zhenghui LIU¹, She TANG¹, Chengqiang DING¹, Lin CHEN¹, Ganghua LI^1,^*()

¹Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production / National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
²The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production Construction Group / Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

Received:2017-08-29 Revised:2017-11-22 Online:2018-05-10 Published:2018-05-10
Contact: Ganghua LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】本研究旨在探明水卷苗机插高产适宜的播种量。【方法】以长江中下游地区代表性品种武运粳24号(常规粳稻)和6两优9368(杂交籼稻)为供试材料,研究不同播种量对水卷苗秧苗素质、机插质量、大田生长特性及产量的影响。【结果】移栽前秧苗地上部和根系干物质量、发根力、根系活性、成苗率、苗基宽、重高比及光合速率均随着播种量的降低而显著增强,叶面积指数显著下降。小播量处理秧苗返青活棵快、分蘖发生力强、每穗粒数多,但播量过小导致基本苗和穗数不足,当武运粳24号播种量从180g/盘降低到120g/盘(738.9g/m²)、6两优9368播种量从110g/盘降低到70g/盘(431.0g/m²)时,产量没有显著变化;但播种量继续降低,产量均显著下降。【结论】水卷苗育秧方法适宜播种量,常规粳稻为2.03粒/cm²,杂交籼稻为1.14粒/cm²。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 机插, 秧苗素质, 播种量

Abstract:

【Objective】The objectiveof the research is to determine the suitable sowing density of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings(HLMS) under mechanical transplanting. 【Method】The effects of sowing densities on seedling quality, mechanical transplanting quality, field growth characteristics and yield of HLMS were analyzed. A widely grown conventional japonica rice cultivar (Wuyunjing24) and an indica hybrid rice cultivar (6Liangyou9368) were used as test materials. 【Result】Dry weight of shoot and root, root-developing ability, root activity, seedling emergence rate, seedling base stem diameter, dry weight per unit of seedling height and photosynthetic rate were significantly increased and the leaf area index was significantly decreased with decreasing sowing density for both cultivars before transplantation. There were advantages of seedling reviving in the paddy field, tillering capacity and spikelet number per panicle for thin sowing treatments, but less basic seedlings and paniclesat too lowsowing density. The grain yield was not decreased significantly when the sowing density reduced to 738.9g/m² for Wuyunjing 24 and 431.0g/m² for 6Liangyou9368, respectively. However, the yield was decreased significantly when sowing density reduced continuously for both cultivars. 【Conclusion】 The suitable sowing density of HLMS was 2.03 cm^-2for Wuyunjing24 and 1.14 cm^-2 for6Liangyou9368, respectively.

Key words: rice (Oriza sativa), yield, mechanical transplanting, seedling, sowing density

中图分类号:

李玉祥, 何知舟, 丁艳锋, 王绍华, 刘正辉, 唐设, 丁承强, 陈琳, 李刚华. 播种量对机插水卷苗秧苗素质及产量形成的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(3): 247-256.

Yuxiang LI, Zhizhou HE, Yanfeng DING, Shaohua WANG, Zhenghui LIU, She TANG, Chengqiang DING, Lin CHEN, Ganghua LI. Effects of Sowing Densities on Quality and YieldFormation of Hydroponically Grown Long-mat Rice Seedlings Under Mechanical Transplanting[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(3): 247-256.

图/表 12

参考文献 36

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品种 Cultivar	播种量(常规秧盘) Sowing density/(g·nursery^-1) (0.58 m×0.28 m×0.03 m)	播种量(水卷苗苗床) Sowing density/(g·nursery^-1) (4 m×0.28 m×0.05 m)	播种量 Sowing density /(g·m^-2)	单位面积种子数 Number of seeds per cm²
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	90	620.7	554.2	1.52
	120	827.6	738.9	2.03
	150	1034.5	923.6	2.54
	180	1241.4	1108.4	3.05
6两优9368 6 liangyou 9368	50	344.8	307.9	0.82
	70	482.8	431.0	1.14
	90	620.7	554.2	1.47
	110	758.6	677.3	1.80

品种 Cultivar	播种量(常规秧盘) Sowing density/(g·nursery^-1) (0.58 m×0.28 m×0.03 m)	播种量(水卷苗苗床) Sowing density/(g·nursery^-1) (4 m×0.28 m×0.05 m)	播种量 Sowing density /(g·m^-2)	单位面积种子数 Number of seeds per cm²
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	90	620.7	554.2	1.52
	120	827.6	738.9	2.03
	150	1034.5	923.6	2.54
	180	1241.4	1108.4	3.05
6两优9368 6 liangyou 9368	50	344.8	307.9	0.82
	70	482.8	431.0	1.14
	90	620.7	554.2	1.47
	110	758.6	677.3	1.80

播种量 Sowing density /(g·nursery^-1)	叶龄 NAL	株高 SH/cm	根数 NR	根长 LR/cm	地上部干质量 DWS/g	根质量 DWR/g	质量高度比 DW/H/(mg·cm^-1)	根冠比 R/S	苗基宽 SD/mm	根系活性 RA/(ug^-1·g^-1)	发根力 RDA
武运粳24号Wuyunjing 24
90	3.9±0.2 a	10.8±0.2 a	10.7±0.6 a	8.2±1.4 a	4.51±0.49 a	2.29±0.10 a	4.16±0.36 a	0.51±0.08 a	2.9±0.131 a	105.1±7.0 a	8.4±0.7 a
120	3.8±0.1 a	10.0±0.9 a	10.1±1.5 a	7.3±0.8 a	4.34±0.37 a	2.22±0.05 a	4.32±0.69 a	0.51±0.03 a	2.6±0.06 b	98.6±9.1 ab	7.6±0.2 a
150	3.9±0.6 a	11.2±0.3 a	10.3±2.1 a	8.6±0.6 a	3.14±0.71 b	2.00±0.14 ab	2.81±0.62 b	0.66±0.14 a	2.6±0.09 b	93.3±6.3 ab	6.3±0.4 b
180	3.9±0.1 a	10.8±0.2 a	10.8±1.2 a	8.8±0.5 a	2.38±0.55 c	1.50±0.11 c	2.21±0.54 c	0.65±0.16 a	2.7±0.14 b	79.4±6.5 b	4.5±0.1 c
6两优9368 6 liangyou 9368
50	2.9±0.2 a	10.3±0.4 c	6.8±0.9 a	9.7±2.7 a	4.40±0.53 a	2.47±0.30 a	4.26±0.41 a	0.57±0.14 a	2.9±0.12 a	34.2±1.8 a	7.9±0.7 a
70	3.0±0.2 a	12.0±0.8 ab	6.5±0.2 a	9.4±0.9 a	3.95±0.27 ab	2.29±0.10 a	3.31±0.37 b	0.58±0.04 a	2.8±0.10 a	35.7±2.0 a	7.2±1.0 a
90	2.9±0.1 a	10.3±0.5 c	7.2±0.8 a	7.9±0.7 a	3.47±0.15 c	2.06±0.17 ab	3.35±0.06 b	0.59±0.07 a	2.5±0.11 b	33.9±1.7 a	6.7±0.6 ab
110	3.1±0.2 a	11.2±0.9 a	6.8±0.7 a	9.3±1.2 a	2.82±0.17 d	1.85±0.28 c	2.52±0.25 c	0.65±0.07 a	2.5±0.11 b	29.4±0.5 b	5.1±1.2 b

播种量 Sowing density /(g·nursery^-1)	叶龄 NAL	株高 SH/cm	根数 NR	根长 LR/cm	地上部干质量 DWS/g	根质量 DWR/g	质量高度比 DW/H/(mg·cm^-1)	根冠比 R/S	苗基宽 SD/mm	根系活性 RA/(ug^-1·g^-1)	发根力 RDA
武运粳24号Wuyunjing 24
90	3.9±0.2 a	10.8±0.2 a	10.7±0.6 a	8.2±1.4 a	4.51±0.49 a	2.29±0.10 a	4.16±0.36 a	0.51±0.08 a	2.9±0.131 a	105.1±7.0 a	8.4±0.7 a
120	3.8±0.1 a	10.0±0.9 a	10.1±1.5 a	7.3±0.8 a	4.34±0.37 a	2.22±0.05 a	4.32±0.69 a	0.51±0.03 a	2.6±0.06 b	98.6±9.1 ab	7.6±0.2 a
150	3.9±0.6 a	11.2±0.3 a	10.3±2.1 a	8.6±0.6 a	3.14±0.71 b	2.00±0.14 ab	2.81±0.62 b	0.66±0.14 a	2.6±0.09 b	93.3±6.3 ab	6.3±0.4 b
180	3.9±0.1 a	10.8±0.2 a	10.8±1.2 a	8.8±0.5 a	2.38±0.55 c	1.50±0.11 c	2.21±0.54 c	0.65±0.16 a	2.7±0.14 b	79.4±6.5 b	4.5±0.1 c
6两优9368 6 liangyou 9368
50	2.9±0.2 a	10.3±0.4 c	6.8±0.9 a	9.7±2.7 a	4.40±0.53 a	2.47±0.30 a	4.26±0.41 a	0.57±0.14 a	2.9±0.12 a	34.2±1.8 a	7.9±0.7 a
70	3.0±0.2 a	12.0±0.8 ab	6.5±0.2 a	9.4±0.9 a	3.95±0.27 ab	2.29±0.10 a	3.31±0.37 b	0.58±0.04 a	2.8±0.10 a	35.7±2.0 a	7.2±1.0 a
90	2.9±0.1 a	10.3±0.5 c	7.2±0.8 a	7.9±0.7 a	3.47±0.15 c	2.06±0.17 ab	3.35±0.06 b	0.59±0.07 a	2.5±0.11 b	33.9±1.7 a	6.7±0.6 ab
110	3.1±0.2 a	11.2±0.9 a	6.8±0.7 a	9.3±1.2 a	2.82±0.17 d	1.85±0.28 c	2.52±0.25 c	0.65±0.07 a	2.5±0.11 b	29.4±0.5 b	5.1±1.2 b

播种量 Sowing density /(g·nursery^-1)	空穴率 Missing hill rate/%	漂秧率 Floating seedling rate/%	伤秧率 Damaged seedling rate/%	勾秧率 Folded seedling rate/%	翻倒率 Overturned seedling rate/%	每穴苗数 Seedlings per hill
武运粳24号Wuyunjing 24
90	12.1±8.3 a	2.11±1.35 b	0.44±0.51 a	0.44±0.39 a	0.89±0.38 a	3.2±0.6 b
120	8.6±1.5 b	3.04±2.31 ab	1.00±0.33 a	0.44±0.77 a	0.66±0.34 a	3.5±0.7 b
150	5.5±3.9 b	6.44±0.39 a	0.33±0.34 a	0.77±0.50 a	0.44±0.51 a	4.1±0.3 b
180	4.6±2.5 c	4.89±1.68 a	0.33±0.34 a	1.22±0.51 a	0.33±0.01 a	5.5±0.8 a
6两优9368 6 Liangyou 9368
50	18.8±4.7 a	3.33±1.76 b	0.44±1.96 a	0.66±0.34 a	0.33±0.34 a	3.0±0.5 b
70	11.9±2.7 b	2.66±1.20 b	0.66±0.34 a	0.56±0.39 a	0.44±0.20 a	3.3±0.1 b
90	8.5±1.3 bc	4.18±2.14 ab	0.89±0.38 a	0.23±0.19 a	0.22±0.19 a	3.4±0.2 b
110	5.1±3.7 d	5.33±2.01 a	1.55±0.96 a	0.33±0.34 a	0.11±0.19 a	4.3±0.4 a

播种量对机插水卷苗秧苗素质及产量形成的影响

Effects of Sowing Densities on Quality and YieldFormation of Hydroponically Grown Long-mat Rice Seedlings Under Mechanical Transplanting

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播种量 Sowing density /(g·nursery^-1)	穗数 Effective panicles /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	颖花量 Spikelets per square meter/(×10³m^-2)	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)
武运粳24号Wuyunjing 24
90	201.6±13.5 c	150.8±13.1 a	31.4±1.5 b	92.7±0.7 a	27.27±0.05 a	7.96±0.33 b
120	248.7±10.4 ab	152.1±10.8 a	37.8±2.8 a	93.2±1.3 a	27.83±0.20 a	9.82±0.63 a
150	241.2±7.6 b	151.2±5.5 a	36.4±1.6 a	92.2±2.4 a	27.31±0.39 a	9.20±0.33 ab
180	258.3±7.9 a	145.9±9.7 a	36.8±3.3 a	91.7±3.1 a	27.06±0.96 a	9.36±1.08 a
6两优9368 6 liangyou 9368
50	192.2±6.6 b	207.5±13.5 a	39.9±2.0 b	85.9±1.4 b	28.17±1.09 a	10.04±0.90 b
70	249.3±5.6 a	196.8±25.2 ab	49.1±5.6 a	87.5±1.7 ab	28.32±0.35 a	11.93±1.19 a
90	260.9±3.3 a	190.7±15.5 b	49.7±3.9 a	88.6±1.0 ab	28.74±0.81 a	12.67±0.79 a
110	271.3±20.1 a	184.9±3.6 b	50.1±4.0 a	89.6±2.5 a	28.31±0.27 a	12.71±1.13 a

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