钵苗机插水稻氮素吸收与利用特征

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7086

中国水稻科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 257-264.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7086

钵苗机插水稻氮素吸收与利用特征

胡雅杰, 吴培, 朱明, 邢志鹏, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫, 张洪程^*()

扬州大学农业农村部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2017-07-28 修回日期:2017-12-05 出版日期:2018-05-10 发布日期:2018-05-10
通讯作者: 张洪程
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0300503, 2017YFD0301205);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31701350);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目(CX[15]1002);江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2016344)

Characteristics of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Mechanically-transplanted Pot-tray-nursed Rice Seedlings

Yajie HU, Pei WU, Ming ZHU, Zhipeng XING, Qigen DAI, Zhongyang HUO, Ke XU, Haiyan WEI, Baowei GUO, Hongcheng ZHANG^*()

Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The Nurturing center of Jiangsu for National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 225009

Received:2017-07-28 Revised:2017-12-05 Online:2018-05-10 Published:2018-05-10
Contact: Hongcheng ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】旨在阐明钵苗机插水稻氮素吸收与利用特征。【方法】于2013–2014年在扬州大学兴化试验基地选用大穗型品种甬优2640和甬优8号,中穗型品种武运粳24号和宁粳3号,小穗型品种淮稻5号和淮稻10号为试验材料,以毯苗机插为对照,研究钵苗机插水稻氮素积累、转运与利用特性。【结果】不同穗型品种的钵苗机插较毯苗机插在水稻分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期植株含氮率和吸氮量较高。在移栽至分蘖中期、拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期阶段,不同穗型品种钵苗机插氮素积累量和氮素吸收速率较毯苗机插高。与毯苗机插相比,不同穗型品种的钵苗机插水稻叶片的氮素输出量、氮素表观转运率和氮素转运贡献率显著提高,而茎鞘的氮素表观转运率和氮素转运贡献率较低。对氮素利用率而言,不同穗型品种的钵苗机插较毯苗机插氮肥偏生产力显著提高,氮素收获指数增加,其中大穗型品种差异显著。【结论】钵苗机插较毯苗机插生育中、后期氮素吸收能力强,后期叶片氮素转运量大、贡献率高,植株总氮素积累量和氮肥利用率显著提高。

关键词: 钵苗机插水稻, 穗型, 氮素吸收, 氮素转运, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective is to illuminate the characteristics of nitrogen uptake and utilization of Mechanically-transplanted pot-tray-nursed rice seedlings.【Method】The experiment was conducted in Xinghua test site of Yangzhou University in 2013 and 2014. Three type rice cultivars including large panicle type (LPT, Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 8), medium panicle type (MPT, Wuyunjing 24 and Ningjing 3) and small panicle type (SPT, Huaidao 5 and Huaidao 10) were field-grown. With mechanically-transplanted carpet-tray-nursed rice seedlings (CS) as control, the nitrogen accumulation, translocation and utilization of nitrogen in pot seedlings mechanically transplanted rice (PS) were measured. 【Result】Compared to thoseof CS, nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of PS at the mid-tillering, jointing, heading and maturity were higher. Nitrogen accumulation in a given stage and nitrogen uptake rate of PS during transplanting to the mid-tillering and jointing to heading and heading to maturity were greater than those of CS. Compared to CS, PS led tosignificantly higher nitrogen output, apparent nitrogen translocation rate and nitrogen translocation conversion rate in leaf, and lower apparent nitrogen translocation rate and nitrogen translocation conversion rate in stem and sheath for all rice cultivars. Partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen of PS was significantly greater for all rice cultivars than those of CS. Furthermore, PS gave rise to higher nitrogen harvest index than CSwith significant difference in LPT.【Conclusion】Hence, compared to CS, PS was beneficial to nitrogen absorption during the middle and late growth periods, and higher nitrogen output and nitrogen translocation conversion rate in leaf. The total nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency under PS increased significantly as compared with those of CS.

Key words: pot seedlings mechanically transplanted rice, panicle type, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen translocation, nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

胡雅杰, 吴培, 朱明, 邢志鹏, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫, 张洪程. 钵苗机插水稻氮素吸收与利用特征[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(3): 257-264.

Yajie HU, Pei WU, Ming ZHU, Zhipeng XING, Qigen DAI, Zhongyang HUO, Ke XU, Haiyan WEI, Baowei GUO, Hongcheng ZHANG. Characteristics of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Mechanically-transplanted Pot-tray-nursed Rice Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(3): 257-264.

图/表 8

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机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	行株距 Row-plant spacing/cm	密度 Density /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	大穗型 Large-panicletype		中穗型 Medium-panicletype		小穗型 Small-panicletype
机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	行株距 Row-plant spacing/cm	密度 Density /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穴苗数 Seedling number per hill	基本苗 Basic seedling number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穴苗数 Seedling number per hill	基本苗 Basic seedling number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穴苗数 Seedling number per hill	基本苗 Basic seedling number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)
钵苗机插PS	33×12.0	25.5	2	51.0	3	76.5	4	102.0
毯苗机插CS	30×13.3	25.5	2	51.0	3	76.5	4	102.0

机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	行株距 Row-plant spacing/cm	密度 Density /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	大穗型 Large-panicletype		中穗型 Medium-panicletype		小穗型 Small-panicletype
机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	行株距 Row-plant spacing/cm	密度 Density /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穴苗数 Seedling number per hill	基本苗 Basic seedling number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穴苗数 Seedling number per hill	基本苗 Basic seedling number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穴苗数 Seedling number per hill	基本苗 Basic seedling number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)
钵苗机插PS	33×12.0	25.5	2	51.0	3	76.5	4	102.0
毯苗机插CS	30×13.3	25.5	2	51.0	3	76.5	4	102.0

品种 Cultivar	机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	钵苗机插PS	2.23±0.02a	1.96±0.03 a	1.45±0.02 a	1.05±0.01 a
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	毯苗机插CS	2.19±0.03a	1.96±0.02a	1.44±0.03 a	1.03±0.01 a
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	钵苗机插PS	2.27±0.01 a	1.98±0.03a	1.46±0.02 a	1.03±0.02 a
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	毯苗机插CS	2.22±0.03 a	1.95±0.02a	1.41±0.01a	1.02±0.01 a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	钵苗机插PS	2.41±0.02 a	2.04±0.04 a	1.51±0.03 a	1.10±0.03 a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	毯苗机插CS	2.38±0.05a	2.02±0.02 a	1.46±0.02a	1.08±0.01a
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	钵苗机插PS	2.38±0.02 a	2.02±0.02 a	1.53±0.04 a	1.12±0.02 a
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	毯苗机插CS	2.35±0.02 a	1.99±0.01a	1.51±0.02 a	1.08±0.02 a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	钵苗机插PS	2.31±0.03a	2.07±0.04a	1.53±0.01 a	1.13±0.01 a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	毯苗机插CS	2.27±0.01a	2.03±0.02a	1.50±0.03 a	1.11±0.01 a
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	钵苗机插PS	2.29±0.04a	2.03±0.02a	1.52±0.04 a	1.11±0.01 a
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	毯苗机插CS	2.24±0.03a	1.97±0.02a	1.48±0.02a	1.08±0.02a

品种 Cultivar	机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	钵苗机插PS	2.23±0.02a	1.96±0.03 a	1.45±0.02 a	1.05±0.01 a
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	毯苗机插CS	2.19±0.03a	1.96±0.02a	1.44±0.03 a	1.03±0.01 a
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	钵苗机插PS	2.27±0.01 a	1.98±0.03a	1.46±0.02 a	1.03±0.02 a
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	毯苗机插CS	2.22±0.03 a	1.95±0.02a	1.41±0.01a	1.02±0.01 a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	钵苗机插PS	2.41±0.02 a	2.04±0.04 a	1.51±0.03 a	1.10±0.03 a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	毯苗机插CS	2.38±0.05a	2.02±0.02 a	1.46±0.02a	1.08±0.01a
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	钵苗机插PS	2.38±0.02 a	2.02±0.02 a	1.53±0.04 a	1.12±0.02 a
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	毯苗机插CS	2.35±0.02 a	1.99±0.01a	1.51±0.02 a	1.08±0.02 a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	钵苗机插PS	2.31±0.03a	2.07±0.04a	1.53±0.01 a	1.13±0.01 a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	毯苗机插CS	2.27±0.01a	2.03±0.02a	1.50±0.03 a	1.11±0.01 a
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	钵苗机插PS	2.29±0.04a	2.03±0.02a	1.52±0.04 a	1.11±0.01 a
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	毯苗机插CS	2.24±0.03a	1.97±0.02a	1.48±0.02a	1.08±0.02a

品种 Cultivar	机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	钵苗机插PS	47.91±3.25 a	85.57±2.56 a	188.38±4.86a	224.15±9.86a
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	毯苗机插CS	43.34±2.18a	84.04±3.02 a	173.24±4.29b	202.96±4.95b
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	钵苗机插PS	44.80±2.64 a	89.74±2.91 a	188.01±5.12a	217.35±7.49a
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	毯苗机插CS	40.12±4.28 a	85.87±4.35a	171.67±3.06b	200.45±5.11b
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	钵苗机插PS	45.31±1.83 a	84.17±2.16 a	181.72±4.97 a	217.61±5.93 a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	毯苗机插CS	41.54±4.02a	81.29±1.29a	167.87±5.01b	202.13±2.18b
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	钵苗机插PS	43.39±3.34 a	80.44±3.83 a	179.99±4.13 a	216.07±6.94 a
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	毯苗机插CS	39.10±2.49 a	77.48±2.17 a	168.10±1.82 b	196.17±1.81b
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	钵苗机插PS	38.44±2.76 a	73.24±3.07 a	157.40±3.37 a	190.17±9.14 a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	毯苗机插CS	34.95±3.14a	72.30±0.91 a	148.31±0.64 b	176.74±3.82b
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	钵苗机插PS	39.73±3.81a	73.20±2.22 a	155.50±3.87 a	186.37±6.41 a
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	毯苗机插CS	35.89±2.01a	70.31±3.11 a	144.34±3.03 b	171.65±1.23 b

钵苗机插水稻氮素吸收与利用特征

Characteristics of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Mechanically-transplanted Pot-tray-nursed Rice Seedlings

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品种 Cultivar		机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method		移栽至分蘖中期 T-MT				分蘖中期至拔节 MT-J				拔节至抽穗期 J-H				抽穗至成熟期 H-M
品种 Cultivar		机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method		吸收量 Uptake/(kg·hm^-2)		比例 Ratio/%		吸收量 Uptake/(kg·hm^-2)		比例 Ratio/%		吸收量 Uptake/(kg·hm^-2)		比例 Ratio/%		吸收量 Uptake/(kg·hm^-2)		比例 Ratio/%
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640		钵苗机插PS		46.04±1.65 a		20.54±0.89 a		37.66±1.03 b		16.80±0.43b		102.81±6.34 a		45.87±1.03a		35.77±2.33 a		15.96±0.78a
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640		毯苗机插CS		42.91±1.64b		21.14±1.12 a		40.69±1.86 a		20.05±0.67a		89.20±2.37 b		43.95±0.38b		29.72±1.24 b		14.65±0.28a
甬优8号 Yongyou 8		钵苗机插PS		43.14±2.01 a		19.85±1.36 a		44.94±0.89 a		20.68±0.68b		98.26±7.16a		45.21±1.67a		29.35±2.11 a		13.50±0.95a
甬优8号 Yongyou 8		毯苗机插CS		39.72±0.89 b		19.82±2.41 a		45.75±1.35 a		22.82±1.01a		85.80±3.19 b		42.80±0.84b		28.79±1.02 a		14.36±0.32a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24		钵苗机插PS		43.18±0.93 a		19.84±3.24 a		38.86±2.64 a		17.86±1.67a		97.55±2.68 a		44.83±0.20a		35.89±1.68 a		16.49±1.01a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24		毯苗机插CS		41.02±1.08b		20.29±2.64 a		39.75±1.98 a		19.66±1.16a		86.58±4.69 b		42.83±0.35b		34.26±3.87 a		16.95±2.17a
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3		钵苗机插PS		41.41±2.11 a		19.16±1.15 a		37.05±2.57 a		17.15±2.14a		99.55±5.11 a		46.07±2.43a		36.08±2.69 a		16.70±1.14a
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3		毯苗机插CS		38.61±0.37b		19.68±0.67 a		38.38±1.69 a		19.57±1.09a		90.62±1.25 b		46.19±0.68a		28.08±3.01 b		14.31±1.86a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5		钵苗机插PS		36.05±0.54 a		18.95±1.36 a		34.79±1.20b		18.30±0.98b		84.16±0.67 a		44.26±0.09a		32.77±0.64 a		17.23±0.51a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5		毯苗机插CS		34.29±1.06b		19.40±0.41 a		37.35±1.03 a		21.13±1.34a		76.01±2.64 b		43.01±0.37b		28.44±1.22b		16.09±0.96a
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10		钵苗机插PS		37.20±0.86 a		19.96±0.82 a		33.47±1.25 a		17.96±1.04b		82.30±3.11 a		44.16±0.41a		30.87±0.09 a		16.56±0.24a
	毯苗机插CS		35.21±0.49b		20.51±0.94 a		34.42±0.63 a		20.05±0.86a		74.03±1.03 b		43.13±0.15b		27.31±1.14b		15.91±1.43a

品种 Cultivar	机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	移栽至分蘖中期 T-MT	分蘖中期至拔节期 MT-J	拔节至抽穗期 J-H	抽穗至成熟期 H-M
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	钵苗机插PS	2.30±0.03 a	2.51±0.05 a	3.21±0.05 a	0.60±0.01 a
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	毯苗机插CS	2.15±0.04 b	2.26±0.03 b	2.70±0.03b	0.49±0.02 b
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	钵苗机插PS	2.16±0.02 a	1.95±0.04 a	2.34±0.07a	0.54±0.01 a
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	毯苗机插CS	1.99±0.05 b	1.76±0.04 b	2.04±0.02b	0.52±0.01 a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	钵苗机插PS	2.16±0.01 a	1.69±0.03 a	2.96±0.04 a	0.70±0.03 a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	毯苗机插CS	2.05±0.04 b	1.59±0.05 b	2.55±0.06 b	0.65±0.02 b
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	钵苗机插PS	2.07±0.05 a	1.37±0.04 a	3.02±0.03 a	0.67±0.02 a
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	毯苗机插CS	1.93±0.03 b	1.28±0.01 b	2.67±0.01 b	0.51±0.03 b
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	钵苗机插PS	1.80±0.02a	1.51±0.03 a	2.71±0.04 a	0.60±0.01 a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	毯苗机插CS	1.71±0.01b	1.49±0.04 a	2.24±0.02b	0.52±0.01 b
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	钵苗机插PS	1.86±0.06 a	1.46±0.02 a	2.65±0.05 a	0.57±0.03 a
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	毯苗机插CS	1.76±0.03 b	1.38±0.06 b	2.24±0.03b	0.49±0.02 b

品种 Cultivar	机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	氮素输出量 Nitrogen output /(kg·hm^-2)		氮素表观转运率 Apparent nitrogen translocation rate/%		氮素转运贡献率 Nitrogen translocation conversion rate/%
品种 Cultivar	机插方式 Mechanical transplanting method	叶 Leaf	茎鞘 Shoot	叶 Leaf	茎鞘 Shoot	叶 Leaf	茎鞘 Shoot
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	钵苗机插PS	62.01±4.21 a	31.07±1.79 a	65.88±1.60 a	41.87±1.71a	40.95±0.69 a	20.51±0.39a
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	毯苗机插CS	52.81±3.05b	29.56±1.63a	61.19±2.10 b	43.70±2.10 a	39.18±0.37 a	21.93±1.16 a
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	钵苗机插PS	57.77±3.17 a	28.48±0.50 a	61.46±2.11 a	39.14±1.51a	42.50±0.57 a	20.95±1.12b
甬优8号 Yongyou 8	毯苗机插CS	48.54±2.11 b	27.95±1.16 a	56.35±1.24 b	41.69±1.83 a	40.34±0.61 b	23.22±0.55 a
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	钵苗机插PS	57.07±4.12 a	22.29±0.58a	62.46±3.44 a	30.67±2.68a	42.82±0.11 a	16.72±1.41b
武运粳24号 Wuyunjing 24	毯苗机插CS	47.10±1.59 b	23.67±1.04a	56.05±0.38 b	34.97±3.94a	38.13±0.31 b	19.17±0.87a
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	钵苗机插PS	54.48±3.98 a	23.81±1.69 a	60.32±1.22 a	33.41±1.85b	41.52±0.84 a	18.15±2.41b
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	毯苗机插CS	47.97±2.67 b	26.88±3.57a	57.09±0.95 b	40.73±3.11 a	42.25±0.62 a	23.68±1.35 a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	钵苗机插PS	47.05±4.53 a	20.21±0.73 a	59.80±2.57 a	31.82±1.68b	41.75±1.22 a	17.93±0.76 b
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	毯苗机插CS	39.91±2.57 b	21.77±1.49 a	53.73±1.22 b	36.31±2.10a	38.23±0.68 b	20.85±1.04 a
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	钵苗机插PS	46.86±2.67 a	20.03±0.88a	60.57±1.59 a	32.16±2.38 a	42.70±0.78 a	18.25±0.49 b
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10	毯苗机插CS	39.69±1.38 b	21.54±0.43 a	55.60±1.67 b	36.97±3.11 a	39.33±1.02 b	21.34±0.67 a

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