不同秧龄下机插方式与密度对杂交稻光合生产及产量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6091 265

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同秧龄下机插方式与密度对杂交稻光合生产及产量的影响,为水稻机插秧配套技术的应用提供理论和实践依据,【方法】以超级杂交稻F优498为材料,采用两因素裂区试验设计,在25 d和40 d秧龄下,设置“钵苗机插+高密度(M₁D₁)”、“钵苗机插+中密度(M₁D₂)”、“钵苗机插+低密度(M₁D₃)”、“毯苗机插+高密度(M₂D₄)”、“毯苗机插+中密度(M₂D₅)”、“毯苗机插+低密度(M₂D₆)”6种机插方式与密度的处理开展试验。【结果】秧龄与插秧方式和密度对水稻主要生育期光合生产及最终产量均存在显著的调控作用,且互作效应显著。同一机插方式及密度处理下,机插25 d秧龄水稻的秧苗素质、群体茎蘖数、叶面积指数(LAI)、单茎叶片和茎鞘表观转运量及转运率、单茎和群体干物质量、阶段干物质积累量、群体生长率、光合势、抽穗后净同化率以及产量均明显优于40 d秧龄处理。同一秧龄和机插方式下,水稻群体茎蘖数、各时期LAI和衰减率、群体干物质量、光合势以及抽穗前干物质积累量、群体生长率、净同化率均表现出随密度的增加而增加的趋势;而抽穗后物质积累量、群体生长率、净同化率在25 d秧龄下钵苗机插均表现为随着密度的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,以M₁D₂处理最优,而毯苗机插则表现为随着密度的降低而降低的趋势,且钵苗机插各指标较毯苗优势明显。25 d秧龄下,钵苗机插行距33 cm、配套株距14.5~15.5 cm,因群体总颖花数、结实率的优势,产量显著高于其余处理,其中又以行距33 cm、株距15.5 cm最能充分发挥其杂交籼稻株型的优势,提高光合物质生产,产量最高可达到12.74 t/hm²,是本研究最佳组合;而毯苗机插随秧龄增大以及栽插密度的降低,群体质量指标恶化,有效穗数不同程度降低,产量并不高。

关键词: 秧龄, 钵苗机插, 毯苗机插, 密度, 产量, 光合生产

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to elucidate the effects of mechanical transplanting modes and density on photosynthetic production characteristics and yield of super hybrid rice (F you 498) and to lay a theoretical basis for the application of mechanical transplanting, 【Method】 a split-plot design was used as follows: bowl mechanical-transplanting with high density (M₁D₁), bowl mechanical-transplanting with middle density (M₁D₂), bowl mechanical-transplanting with low density (M₁D₃), carpet mechanical-transplanting with high density (M₂D₄), carpet mechanical-transplanting with middle density (M₂D₅), and carpet mechanical-transplanting with low density (M₂D₆) using 25-day-old and 40-day-old seedlings. 【Result】The seedling-age and mechanically-transplanted modes coupled with density and grain yield played a significant role in the regulation of main growth stages in rice. The seedling quality, number of tillers, leaf area index (LAI), exportation and export rate of leaf,culm and sheath per shoot, dry matter weight per stem and population, dry matter accumulation during each stage, population growth rate, photosynthetic potential, net assimilation rate after heading stage and yield for 25-day-old seedling were significantly better than those of 40-day-old ones under the same mechanical-transplanting modes and density. The number of stems and tillers, leaf area index of each period and leaf area decay rate, dry matter weight of population, photosynthetic potential, and the dry matter accumulation before heading population growth rate, net assimilation rate before heading stage increased with the increasing density at the same seedling-age and mechanical-transplanting modes. The dry matter accumulation after heading, population growth rate, and net assimilation rate after heading under bowl mechanical-transplanting increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of density. In this experiment, M₁D₂ is the best. 【Conclusion】 For 25-day-old seedlings, the row of 33 cm and planting space of 15.5 cm had the advantages of total spikelet number and seed setting rate, and its yield was the highest. So the treatment could give full play to advantages of indica hybrid rice plant type of the local research area and improve photosynthetic production and yield. The yield will decrease when increase of seedling-age and planting density reduced of carpet mechanical-transplanting, which is because of the poor of population quality index and reduction of the number of effective panicles.

Key words: seedling-age, bowl mechanical-transplanting, carpet mechanical-transplanting, density, yield, photosynthetic production

中图分类号:

李应洪, 王海月, 吕腾飞, 张绍文, 蒋明金, 何巧林, 孙永健, 马均. 不同秧龄下机插方式与密度对杂交稻光合生产及产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(3): 265-277.

Yinghong LI, Haiyue WANG, Tengfei LÜ, Shaowen ZHANG, Mingjin JIANG, Qiaolin HE, Yongjian SUN, Jun MA. Effects of Mechanically-transplanted Modes and Density on Photosynthetic Production and Yield in Hybrid Rice at Different Seedling-ages[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(3): 265-277.

图/表 9

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秧龄 Seedling-age	机插方式 Transplanting -method	分蘖盛期 Tillering (Month-day)	拔节期 Jointing (Month-day)	抽穗期 Heading (Month-day)	成熟期 Maturity (Month-day)	全生育期天数 WGD/d	移栽-拔节天数 DTJ/d	拔节-抽穗天数 DJH/d	抽穗-成熟天数 DHM/d
T₁	M₁	05-27	06-13	07-19	08-29	149	47	36	41
	M₂	05-28	06-14	07-20	08-31	151	48	36	42
T₂	M₁	06-10	06-21	07-25	09-07	158	40	34	44
	M₂	06-11	06-23	07-26	09-09	160	42	33	45

秧龄 Seedling-age	机插方式 Transplanting -method	分蘖盛期 Tillering (Month-day)	拔节期 Jointing (Month-day)	抽穗期 Heading (Month-day)	成熟期 Maturity (Month-day)	全生育期天数 WGD/d	移栽-拔节天数 DTJ/d	拔节-抽穗天数 DJH/d	抽穗-成熟天数 DHM/d
T₁	M₁	05-27	06-13	07-19	08-29	149	47	36	41
	M₂	05-28	06-14	07-20	08-31	151	48	36	42
T₂	M₁	06-10	06-21	07-25	09-07	158	40	34	44
	M₂	06-11	06-23	07-26	09-09	160	42	33	45

秧龄 Seedling age	育秧方式 Seedling cultivation methods	株高 Plant height /cm	叶龄 Leaf age	茎基宽 Stalk width /mm	单株绿叶数 Number of green leaves per plant	百苗干质量 Dry weight per hundred seedlings/g		根系性状 Root Traits(≥5 mm)			单位株高干质量 W/H /(mg·cm^-1)	整齐度 Uniformity/%
秧龄 Seedling age	育秧方式 Seedling cultivation methods	株高 Plant height /cm	叶龄 Leaf age	茎基宽 Stalk width /mm	单株绿叶数 Number of green leaves per plant	地上 Aboveground	地下 Under ground	根数 Number of roots per plant	根长 Root length /cm	发根力 Root vitality	单位株高干质量 W/H /(mg·cm^-1)	整齐度 Uniformity/%
T₁	M₁	19.87±0.88 a	4.25±0.12 a	3.15±0.32 a	3.97±0.12 a	4.01±0.10 a	1.90±0.20 a	12.80±0.44 a	7.23±0.09 b	6.27±0.06 a	2.02±0.07 a	90.97±1.71 a
	M₂	18.86±1.16 a	4.08±0.10 b	2.57±0.02 b	3.40±0.26 b	3.28±0.12 a	1.60±0.60 a	10.70±0.52 b	8.50±0.12 a	5.47±0.50 b	1.73±0.11 b	88.73±2.46 a
平均Average		19.37	4.17	2.86	3.68	3.64	1.75	11.75	7.86	5.87	1.88	89.85
T₂	M₁	32.63±1.31 a	6.32±0.18 a	4.72±0.12 a	3.57±0.25 a	14.19±0.80 a	10.52±1.03 a	16.85±0.66 a	8.72±0.57 a	8.12±0.13 a	4.34±0.12 a	89.90±1.97 a
	M₂	25.51±0.53 b	6.03±0.12 b	3.10±0.37 b	2.83±0.30 b	9.00±0.64 b	5.33±1.13 b	10.39±0.10 b	9.29±0.39 a	7.54±0.06 b	3.52±0.18 b	83.54±1.22 b
平均Average		29.07	6.18	3.91	3.19	11.59	7.92	13.62	9.01	7.83	3.94	86.72
变异来源 Source of variation
F值 F value	T	231.34^**	586.90^**	62.12^**	42.81^*	328.38^**	79.73^*	67.08^**	437.70^**	258.16^**	872.00^**	45.43^*
	M	43.56^**	101.84^**	42.54^**	18.02^*	162.63^**	97.64^**	177.48^**	10.85^**	25.82^**	75.07^**	37.16^**
	T×M	24.61^**	6.80	9.47^*	0.31	92.56^**	77.07^**	46.10^**	1.54	0.62	18.08^*	8.55^*

秧龄 Seedling age	育秧方式 Seedling cultivation methods	株高 Plant height /cm	叶龄 Leaf age	茎基宽 Stalk width /mm	单株绿叶数 Number of green leaves per plant	百苗干质量 Dry weight per hundred seedlings/g		根系性状 Root Traits(≥5 mm)			单位株高干质量 W/H /(mg·cm^-1)	整齐度 Uniformity/%
秧龄 Seedling age	育秧方式 Seedling cultivation methods	株高 Plant height /cm	叶龄 Leaf age	茎基宽 Stalk width /mm	单株绿叶数 Number of green leaves per plant	地上 Aboveground	地下 Under ground	根数 Number of roots per plant	根长 Root length /cm	发根力 Root vitality	单位株高干质量 W/H /(mg·cm^-1)	整齐度 Uniformity/%
T₁	M₁	19.87±0.88 a	4.25±0.12 a	3.15±0.32 a	3.97±0.12 a	4.01±0.10 a	1.90±0.20 a	12.80±0.44 a	7.23±0.09 b	6.27±0.06 a	2.02±0.07 a	90.97±1.71 a
	M₂	18.86±1.16 a	4.08±0.10 b	2.57±0.02 b	3.40±0.26 b	3.28±0.12 a	1.60±0.60 a	10.70±0.52 b	8.50±0.12 a	5.47±0.50 b	1.73±0.11 b	88.73±2.46 a
平均Average		19.37	4.17	2.86	3.68	3.64	1.75	11.75	7.86	5.87	1.88	89.85
T₂	M₁	32.63±1.31 a	6.32±0.18 a	4.72±0.12 a	3.57±0.25 a	14.19±0.80 a	10.52±1.03 a	16.85±0.66 a	8.72±0.57 a	8.12±0.13 a	4.34±0.12 a	89.90±1.97 a
	M₂	25.51±0.53 b	6.03±0.12 b	3.10±0.37 b	2.83±0.30 b	9.00±0.64 b	5.33±1.13 b	10.39±0.10 b	9.29±0.39 a	7.54±0.06 b	3.52±0.18 b	83.54±1.22 b
平均Average		29.07	6.18	3.91	3.19	11.59	7.92	13.62	9.01	7.83	3.94	86.72
变异来源 Source of variation
F值 F value	T	231.34^**	586.90^**	62.12^**	42.81^*	328.38^**	79.73^*	67.08^**	437.70^**	258.16^**	872.00^**	45.43^*
	M	43.56^**	101.84^**	42.54^**	18.02^*	162.63^**	97.64^**	177.48^**	10.85^**	25.82^**	75.07^**	37.16^**
	T×M	24.61^**	6.80	9.47^*	0.31	92.56^**	77.07^**	46.10^**	1.54	0.62	18.08^*	8.55^*

叶面积指数 Leaf area index
秧龄 Seedling-age	处理 Treatment	移栽期 Transplanting	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	抽穗-成熟期叶面积衰减率 HMDRLA/(LAI·d^-1)
T₁	M₁D₁	0.0272±0.0021 c	3.47±0.03 a	6.84±0.04 a	3.42±0.04 a	0.0834±0.0020 a
	M₁D₂	0.0250±0.0004 d	3.33±0.04 b	6.80±0.05 a	3.40±0.05 a	0.0830±0.0020 a
	M₁D₃	0.0239±0.0013 d	3.25±0.02 bc	6.77±0.07 a	3.38±0.03 a	0.0827±0.0024 a
	M₂D₄	0.0366±0.0008 a	3.26±0.09 bc	6.67±0.02 b	3.31±0.02 b	0.0798±0.0009 b
	M₂D₅	0.0313±0.0012 b	3.20±0.02 cd	6.21±0.06 c	3.09±0.03 c	0.0743±0.0016 c
	M₂D₆	0.0244±0.0020 d	3.15±0.04 d	5.85±0.14 d	3.06±0.06 c	0.0665±0.0022 d
	平均Average	0.0281	3.28	6.52	3.28	0.0783
T₂	M₁D₁	0.0436±0.0013 c	3.21±0.14 a	6.65±0.07 a	3.30±0.03 a	0.0761±0.0021 a
	M₁D₂	0.0408±0.0029 d	3.18±0.16 a	6.21±0.08 b	3.26±0.02 ab	0.0672±0.0021 b
	M₁D₃	0.0383±0.0027 e	3.15±0.15 a	6.02±0.02 c	3.25±0.03 ab	0.0630±0.0003 c
	M₂D₄	0.0585±0.0007 a	2.97±0.07 b	5.99±0.05 c	3.23±0.05 b	0.0613±0.0006 c
	M₂D₅	0.0501±0.0006 b	2.94±0.04 b	5.70±0.02 d	3.05±0.03 c	0.0589±0.0008 d
	M₂D₆	0.0390±0.0017 de	2.90±0.04 b	5.36±0.02 e	2.84±0.05 d	0.0560±0.0012 e
	平均Average	0.0451	3.06	5.99	3.15	0.0637
变异来源 Source of variation
F值 F value	T	322.62^**	34.12^*	598.74^**	61.29^*	472.78^**
	MD	100.20^**	15.36^**	242.71^**	116.11^**	98.43^**
	T×MD	5.10^**	1.59	13.51^**	3.85^*	13.50^**