
中国水稻科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 264-272.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.241113
王未英1, 赵洪2, 陈瑜2,*(
), 姚晓明3, 陆剑飞3, 郭前爽4, 杜永均4,*(
)
收稿日期:2024-12-01
修回日期:2025-01-25
出版日期:2026-03-10
发布日期:2026-03-16
通讯作者:
* email: chenyu932023@outlook.com;
yongjundu@zju.edu.cn基金资助:
WANG Weiying1, ZHAO Hong2, CHEN Yu2,*(
), YAO Xiaoming3, LU Jianfei3, GUO Qianshuang4, DU Yongjun4,*(
)
Received:2024-12-01
Revised:2025-01-25
Online:2026-03-10
Published:2026-03-16
Contact:
* email: chenyu932023@outlook.com;
yongjundu@zju.edu.cn摘要:
【目的】单双季水稻混栽区的耕作制度为二化螟越冬代和后续的2~3个世代提供了不间断的食料条件,导致虫量增加,危害加重。本研究评价了智能主动喷射型交配干扰释放器对早晚两季水稻二化螟的防控效果。【方法】在浙江嵊州三界镇的单双季混栽稻区,设置交配干扰区和农户自防对照区,在2024年4月12日,即水稻移栽8 d前,在交配干扰区设置主动释放的智能喷射型性信息素释放器,在早稻和晚稻期间连续不间断地喷射高剂量的性信息素干扰二化螟的求偶。同时,调查监测诱捕器中的诱蛾量、水稻被害植株数量和二化螟各龄幼虫数量,早稻、晚稻期间分别采用马氏网、吸虫器调查田间天敌种群量。【结果】越冬代二化螟成虫的交配干扰抑制率为94.1%±0.02%,一代成虫抑制率为78.6%±12.7%,二代成虫抑制率为87.3%±0.01%。同时,对早稻大螟成虫的抑制率为85.6%±0.07%,晚稻稻纵卷叶螟成虫的抑制率为79.2%±0.07%。早稻期间,交配干扰区二化螟幼虫数量减少了71.5%~83.3%,水稻植株被害率下降了59.4%~74.5%。自然天敌的种群数量差异不显著,但对照区益害比为148.8%±38.4%,交配干扰区益害比为2470.6%±594.5%。晚稻期间,交配干扰区二化螟幼虫数量减少了80.7%~90.9%,水稻植株被害率减少了61.2%~89.6%,稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率降低了63.7%。自然天敌数量没有差异,但益害比对照区为64.2%±24.9%,交配干扰区为333.3%±91.3%。【结论】主动释放的智能喷射型性信息素交配干扰技术有效控制了单双季稻区二化螟幼虫的数量,减轻了其危害,对大螟和稻纵卷叶螟也有显著的防治作用, 同时,对稻田自然天敌种群没有负面的影响,其益害比反而更高。
王未英, 赵洪, 陈瑜, 姚晓明, 陆剑飞, 郭前爽, 杜永均. 智能喷射释放性信息素对水稻主要鳞翅目害虫的交配干扰效果[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(2): 264-272.
WANG Weiying, ZHAO Hong, CHEN Yu, YAO Xiaoming, LU Jianfei, GUO Qianshuang, DU Yongjun. Disruption Efficacy of Intelligent Active Aerosol Sex Pheromone on Mating Behavior of Major Lepidopteran Pests in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(2): 264-272.
图1 交配干扰区和农户自防对照区蛾诱捕量比较 A: 早稻二化螟; B: 早稻大螟;C:晚稻二化螟;D:晚稻稻纵卷叶螟。柱上星号表示差异显著(P<0.05, t检验),ns表示差异不显著(P>0.05, t检验)。下同。
Fig. 1. Comparison of moth catches in the sex pheromone monitoring traps between mating disruption and control area A, Chilo suppressalis in early rice field; B, Sesamia inferens in early rice field; C, Chilo suppressalis in late rice field; D, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in late rice field. *, Significant difference at 0.05 level; ns, No significant difference at 0.05 level(Student’s t-test).
| 调查日期 Investigation date (Month-day) | 处理 Treatment | 平均危害率 Average damage rate(%) | 每百丛平均幼虫数 Mean of larvae per hundred hills | 防控效果 Control efficacy (%) | 幼虫减退率 Larval reduction rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 04-26 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.00±0.00ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 05-08 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.00±0.00ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 05-20 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.00±0.00ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 05-31 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.85±0.24 | 0.60±0.16 | 74.5 | 83.3 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.22±0.10* | 0.10±0.07* | |||
| 07-03 | 农户自防对照Control | 1.68±0.07 | 0.12±0.06 | 59.4 | 71.5 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.68±0.12* | 0.03±0.03* |
表1 早稻交配干扰区和农户自防对照区二化螟幼虫量和为害情况
Table 1. Chilo suppressalis larval count and plant damage in early rice under mating disruption and control
| 调查日期 Investigation date (Month-day) | 处理 Treatment | 平均危害率 Average damage rate(%) | 每百丛平均幼虫数 Mean of larvae per hundred hills | 防控效果 Control efficacy (%) | 幼虫减退率 Larval reduction rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 04-26 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.00±0.00ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 05-08 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.00±0.00ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 05-20 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.00±0.00ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 05-31 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.85±0.24 | 0.60±0.16 | 74.5 | 83.3 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.22±0.10* | 0.10±0.07* | |||
| 07-03 | 农户自防对照Control | 1.68±0.07 | 0.12±0.06 | 59.4 | 71.5 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.68±0.12* | 0.03±0.03* |
| 调查日期 Investigation date (Month-day) | 处理 Treatment | 平均危害率 Average damage rate (%) | 每百丛平均幼虫数 Mean of larvae per hundred hills | 防控效果 Control efficacy (%) | 幼虫减退率 Larval reduction rate(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 08-19 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.59±0.48 | 0.16±0.12 | 87.8 | 90.9 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.07±0.05ns | 0.01±0.01* | |||
| 08-29 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.96±0.36 | 0.44±0.20 | 89.6 | 87.1 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.10±0.05* | 0.06±0.04* | |||
| 09-02 | 农户自防对照Control | 1.10±0.31 | 1.87±0.66 | 68.9 | 85.5 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.34±0.06* | 0.27±0.07* | |||
| 10-08 | 农户自防对照Control | 1.40±0.16 | 1.71±0.38 | 61.2 | 83.3 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.54±0.22* | 0.29±0.16* | |||
| 10-18 | 农户自防对照Control | 2.14±0.34 | 3.11±0.30 | 74.0 | 80.7 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.56±0.10* | 0.60±0.22* |
表2 晚稻交配干扰区和农户自防对照区二化螟幼虫量和为害情况
Table 2. Chilo suppressalis larval count and plant damage in late rice under mating disruption and control
| 调查日期 Investigation date (Month-day) | 处理 Treatment | 平均危害率 Average damage rate (%) | 每百丛平均幼虫数 Mean of larvae per hundred hills | 防控效果 Control efficacy (%) | 幼虫减退率 Larval reduction rate(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 08-19 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.59±0.48 | 0.16±0.12 | 87.8 | 90.9 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.07±0.05ns | 0.01±0.01* | |||
| 08-29 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.96±0.36 | 0.44±0.20 | 89.6 | 87.1 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.10±0.05* | 0.06±0.04* | |||
| 09-02 | 农户自防对照Control | 1.10±0.31 | 1.87±0.66 | 68.9 | 85.5 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.34±0.06* | 0.27±0.07* | |||
| 10-08 | 农户自防对照Control | 1.40±0.16 | 1.71±0.38 | 61.2 | 83.3 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.54±0.22* | 0.29±0.16* | |||
| 10-18 | 农户自防对照Control | 2.14±0.34 | 3.11±0.30 | 74.0 | 80.7 |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.56±0.10* | 0.60±0.22* |
| 调查日期 Investitation date (Month-day) | 处理 Treatment | 卷叶率 Leaf rolling rate (%) | 幼虫数量(头/丛) No. of larvae per hill | 防控效果 Control effect(%) | 幼虫减退率 Larval reduction rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 08-19 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.00±0.00ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 08-29 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.04±0.02 | 0.50±0.02 | 20.0 | |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.10±0.05ns | 0.40±0.02ns | |||
| 09-02 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.02±0.01 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.03±0.03ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 10-08 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.03±0.01 | 0.00±0.00 | 44.2 | |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.02±0.01ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 10-18 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.06±0.02 | 0.00±0.00 | 63.7 | |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.02±0.01* | 0.00±0.00ns |
表3 晚稻交配干扰区和农户自防对照区稻纵卷叶螟幼虫量和卷叶率
Table 3. Number of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis larvae and leaf rolling rate under mating disruption and control in late rice
| 调查日期 Investitation date (Month-day) | 处理 Treatment | 卷叶率 Leaf rolling rate (%) | 幼虫数量(头/丛) No. of larvae per hill | 防控效果 Control effect(%) | 幼虫减退率 Larval reduction rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 08-19 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.00±0.00ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 08-29 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.04±0.02 | 0.50±0.02 | 20.0 | |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.10±0.05ns | 0.40±0.02ns | |||
| 09-02 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.02±0.01 | 0.00±0.00 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.03±0.03ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 10-08 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.03±0.01 | 0.00±0.00 | 44.2 | |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.02±0.01ns | 0.00±0.00ns | |||
| 10-18 | 农户自防对照Control | 0.06±0.02 | 0.00±0.00 | 63.7 | |
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 0.02±0.01* | 0.00±0.00ns |
| 水稻季别 Growing season | 处理 Treatment | 蜘蛛 Spider | 瓢虫 Coccinellidae | 寄生蜂 Parasitoids |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 早稻 Early rice | 农户自防对照Control | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 4 | 2 | 4 | ||
| 5 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 3 | 3 | 2 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 8 | 2 | 28 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 11 | 5 | 8 | |
| 3 | 3 | 25 | ||
| 2 | 0 | 11 | ||
| 2 | 0 | 12 | ||
| 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 18 | 0 | 7 | ||
| 晚稻 Late rice | 农户自防对照Control | 12 | 0 | 1 |
| 22 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 15 | 0 | 5 | ||
| 12 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 12 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 19 | 1 | 2 | |
| 22 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 14 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 11 | 4 | 1 | ||
| 8 | 4 | 4 |
表4 交配干扰区和农户自防对照区天敌数量调查
Table 4. Investigation of natural enemies under mating disruption and control
| 水稻季别 Growing season | 处理 Treatment | 蜘蛛 Spider | 瓢虫 Coccinellidae | 寄生蜂 Parasitoids |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 早稻 Early rice | 农户自防对照Control | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 4 | 2 | 4 | ||
| 5 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 3 | 3 | 2 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 8 | 2 | 28 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 11 | 5 | 8 | |
| 3 | 3 | 25 | ||
| 2 | 0 | 11 | ||
| 2 | 0 | 12 | ||
| 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 18 | 0 | 7 | ||
| 晚稻 Late rice | 农户自防对照Control | 12 | 0 | 1 |
| 22 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 15 | 0 | 5 | ||
| 12 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 12 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 交配干扰Mating disruption | 19 | 1 | 2 | |
| 22 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 14 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 11 | 4 | 1 | ||
| 8 | 4 | 4 |
图2 交配干扰区和农户自防对照区稻田的益害比 A: 早稻田; B: 晚稻田。
Fig. 2. Ratios of beneficial insects to pests in the mating disruption and control rice fields A, Early rice field; B, Late rice field.
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