福寿螺对不同品种直播稻苗的取食为害特性

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.241011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)对不同品种水稻直播稻苗的取食为害特性，为直播稻田中福寿螺的有效防控提供理论依据。【方法】以甬优1540(籼粳杂交)、秀水134(粳稻)、中早39(籼稻)为试验材料，室内模拟观察研究不同大小的福寿螺(小螺0.51 g，中螺4.37 g，大螺7.82 g)对不同品种直播稻苗的取食和为害特性。【结果】小螺对不同水稻品种直播稻苗的为害期为 7 d，直播后1~4 d是为害高峰期；大螺和中螺对不同水稻品种直播稻苗的为害期为21 d左右，直播后的1~10 d是为害高峰期；小螺、中螺和大螺对不同水稻品种的直播稻苗的为害量分别达到1.9~2.6株/天、9.2~12.1株/天和16.2~23.1株/天，大螺的取食量分别是小螺和中螺的22.3~30.1倍和1.7~1.9倍，中螺是小螺的11.5~18.3倍。【结论】福寿螺对不同类型水稻直播稻苗取食为害期约为21 d，直播后的10 d是福寿螺的为害高峰期；小螺对直播稻苗的危害较小，大、中螺对直播稻苗构成主要危害；福寿螺对籼型水稻的取食量最大，对粳型水稻的取食量最小，籼粳杂交型水稻介于两者之间。根据福寿螺对直播稻苗的取食为害特性，提出了针对性的防控措施建议。

关键词: 福寿螺, 直播稻, 为害特性, 为害高峰

Abstract:

【Purpose】 This study aimed to investigate the feeding and damage characteristics of Pomacea canaliculata on direct-seeded rice seedlings of different varieties, and to provide a theoretical basis for effective control of P. canaliculata in direct-seeding rice fields. 【Method】 Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the feeding and damage behavior of different sizes of P. canaliculata—small snails (0.51 g), medium snails (4.37 g), and large snails (7.82 g)—on direct-seeded rice seedlings of three varieties, Yongyou 1540 (indica-japonica hybrid), Xiushui 134 (japonica), and Zhongzao 39 (indica). 【Result】 The damage period caused by small snails to direct-seeded rice seedlings of different varieties was 7 days, with the peak damage occurring 1-4 days after seeding. For medium and large snails, the damage period lasted about 21 days, with the peak occurring 1-10 days after seeding. The daily damage rates caused by small, medium, and large snails reached 1.9-2.6, 9.2-12.1, and 16.2-23.1 seedlings per day, respectively. The feeding amount of large snails was 22.3-30.1 times that of small snails and 1.7-1.9 times that of medium snails, while the feeding amount of medium snails was 11.5-18.3 times that of small snails. 【Conclusion】 Pomacea canaliculata caused damage to direct-seeded rice seedlings for approximately 21 days, with the peak damage occurring within 10 days after seeding. Small snails caused relatively minor harm, whereas medium and large snails were the main damaging agents. Feeding damage by P. canaliculata was highest on indica rice, followed by indica-japonica hybrid rice, and lowest on japonica rice. Based on these feeding and damage characteristics, targeted control measures against P. canaliculata are proposed.

Key words: Pomacea canaliculata, direct seeded rice, damage characteristics, damage peak

郑许松, 徐红星, 吕海涛, 李建忠, 吕仲贤, 鲁艳辉. 福寿螺对不同品种直播稻苗的取食为害特性[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(2): 273-280.

ZHENG Xusong, XU Hongxing, LÜ Haitao, LI Jianzhong, LÜ Zhongxian, LU Yanhui. Feeding and Damage Characteristics of Pomacea canaliculata on Direct-seeded Rice Seedlings of Different Varieties[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(2): 273-280.

图/表 5

图1 福寿螺对籼稻品种中早39直播稻苗的取食为害动态

Fig. 1. Feeding and damage dynamics of Pomacea canaliculata on direct-seeded rice seedlings of indica rice variety Zhongzao 39

图2 福寿螺对籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540直播稻苗的取食为害动态

Fig. 2. Feeding and damage dynamics of Pomacea canaliculata on direct-seeded rice seedlings of indica-japonica hybrid rice variety Yongyou 1540

图3 福寿螺对粳稻品种秀水134直播稻苗的取食为害动态

Fig. 3. Feeding and damage dynamics of Pomacea canaliculata on direct-seeded rice seedlings of japonica variety Xiushui 134

图4 不同大小的福寿螺对不同品种直播稻苗的为害量

Fig. 4. Damage caused by different sizes of Pomacea canaliculata to direct-seeded seedlings of different rice varieties

表1 水稻秧龄和福寿螺大小对取食为害量的双因素方差分析

Table 1. Two-way ANOVA on the effects of rice age and snail size on feeding damage

水稻品种 Rice variety	F/P值 F/P value	水稻秧龄 Rice seedling age	福寿螺大小 Snail size	水稻秧龄×福寿螺大小 Rice age × Snail size
中早39 Zhongzao 39	F	1415.11	10237.50	376.76
中早39 Zhongzao 39	P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	F	787.31	6482.06	209.83
甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
秀水134 Xiushui 134	F	466.53	3987.28	103.26
秀水134 Xiushui 134	P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

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