杂交稻钵毯苗机插质量及产量形成对钵深的响应

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.241106

中国水稻科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 491-500.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.241106

• 专题：水稻生产机械化与智能化 • 上一篇下一篇

杂交稻钵毯苗机插质量及产量形成对钵深的响应

唐承翰¹^,^#, 陈惠哲¹^,^#, 怀燕², 孙良³, 张玉屏¹, 向镜¹, 张义凯¹, 王志刚¹, 徐逸文¹, 王亚梁¹^,^*()

¹中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 杭州311400
²浙江省农业技术推广中心, 杭州310020
³浙江理工大学机械工程学院, 杭州310018

收稿日期:2024-11-13 修回日期:2025-05-22 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-21
通讯作者: ^*email: wangyaliang@caas.cn
作者简介:
^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2023ZDXT01);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301404);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301304);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301601);浙江省“尖兵”研发攻关计划(2024C02001);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2024SNJF01);云南科技厅科技计划项目(202402AE090007-1);2022年度拱墅区“大运英才”创新创业项目

Response of Machine-transplanting Quality and Yield Formation of Hybrid Rice Pot-mat Seedlings to Pot Depth

TANG Chenghan¹^,^#, CHEN Huizhe¹^,^#, HUAI Yan², SUN Liang³, ZHANG Yuping¹, XIANG Jing¹, ZHANG Yikai¹, WANG Zhigang¹, XU Yiwen¹, WANG Yaliang¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
²Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
³School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China

Received:2024-11-13 Revised:2025-05-22 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-21
Contact: ^*email:wangyaliang@caas.cn
About author:
^#These authors contributed equally to this work

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】钵毯苗能有效聚拢根系，降低水稻机插损伤，明确钵深对杂交稻钵毯苗机插质量及产量形成的影响，为研发适宜的杂交稻钵毯苗秧盘提供理论依据。【方法】以籼粳杂交稻甬优1540为供试品种。普通平盘(CK，平盘，钵深为0 cm)作为对照，设置4个不同钵深类型的钵毯苗处理：T₁(钵毯盘，钵深为0.4 cm，钵体体积为1.6 cm³、T₂(钵毯盘，钵深为0.8 cm，钵体体积为3.2 cm³)、T₃(钵毯盘，钵深为1.2 cm，钵体体积为4.8 cm³)、T₄(钵毯盘，钵深为1.6 cm，钵体体积为6.4 cm³)。所有处理采用的秧盘大小一致(长度×宽度×高度=58 cm×28 cm×2.8 cm)，横向播种14次，纵向播种29次，每穴播种3粒种子，播种量为30.94 g/盘。比较分析不同处理间成毯性、秧苗素质、机插质量、机插根系损伤、移栽后秧苗的生理指标以及群体产量形成的差异。【结果】1)钵深增加，降低了机插取秧对根系的损伤，提高机插后秧苗的根系活力、叶片可溶性糖和叶绿素含量。钵深1.6 cm的秧苗成毯性差，机插后群体漏秧率高、均匀度低。2)钵深增大，群体分蘖多，群体的叶面积指数和干物质积累量增加。3)钵深越大，群体依靠更多的有效穗数促进产量提升，T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄的产量较CK分别提高2.37%、2.93%、4.03%、7.60%。【结论】增加钵毯盘的钵深能降低机插对水稻秧苗根系的损伤，使群体以更多有效穗数获得高产，但钵深过大的秧苗成毯困难、机插质量差，大钵体稀播育秧的钵深不宜大于1.2 cm。实际生产中，建议在确保秧苗成毯的前提下，增加钵毯盘的钵深，以促进杂交稻钵毯苗机插高产群体的构建。

关键词: 杂交稻, 钵毯苗, 机插质量, 根系损伤

Abstract:

【Objective】 Pot-mat seedlings can effectively constrain root system, thereby reducing damage during rice mechanical transplanting. Elucidating the impact of pot depth on the machine-transplanting quality and yield formation of hybrid rice pot-mat seedlings will lay a theoretical basis for developing suitable hybrid rice pot-mat seedling trays. 【Method】 The experiment selected the indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 1540 as material. An ordinary mat seedling tray (CK, blanket seedling tray, pot depth of 0 cm) was used as the experimental control. Four pot depth types were set as treatments: T₁ (pot-mat seedling tray, pot depth 0.4 cm, pot volume 1.6 cm³); T₂ (pot-mat seedling tray, pot depth 0.8 cm, pot volume 3.2 cm³); T₃ (pot-mat seedling tray, pot depth 1.2 cm, pot volume 4.8 cm³); T₄ (pot-mat seedling tray, pot depth 1.6 cm, pot volume 6.4 cm³). All treatments use seedling trays of the same size(length×width×height=58 cm×28 cm×2.8 cm). The sowing specifications were 14 holes horizontally and 29 holes vertically per tray, 3 seeds per hole, and the seeding rate per tray was 30.94 g. Comparative analysis was conducted on different treatments for mat-forming ability, rice seedling quality, machine-transplanted quality, mechanical root damage, physiological indexes of seedlings after machine transplanting, and yield formation of rice populations. 【Results】 (1) The increase in pot depth reduced root damage from machine transplanting and increased root vitality, leaf soluble sugar, and chlorophyll content in rice seedlings after machine transplanting. Seedlings with a pot depth of 1.6 cm had poor mat-forming properties; this treatment had a high seedling leakage rate and low planting uniformity after machine transplanting. (2) The increase in pot depth promoted tillering, increased leaf area index, and increased dry matter accumulation. (3) Higher pot depth resulted in higher yield of rice populations, attributed to more productive panicles. 【Conclusions】 Increasing pot depth can reduce root damage in rice seedlings and increase productive panicle number in rice populations to achieve high yield. However, pot-mat seedlings with too deep pots are difficult to form a mat and have poor machine-transplanted quality. The pot depth of the pot-mat tray should not exceed 1.2 cm at large pot volume and low sowing rate. In actual production, it is suggested to increase pot depth of the pot-mat tray while ensuring successful mat formation, to facilitate the establishment of high-yield populations through mechanized transplanting of hybrid rice pot-mat seedlings.

Key words: hybrid rice, pot-mat seedling, machine-transplanting quality, root damage

唐承翰, 陈惠哲, 怀燕, 孙良, 张玉屏, 向镜, 张义凯, 王志刚, 徐逸文, 王亚梁. 杂交稻钵毯苗机插质量及产量形成对钵深的响应[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(4): 491-500.

TANG Chenghan, CHEN Huizhe, HUAI Yan, SUN Liang, ZHANG Yuping, XIANG Jing, ZHANG Yikai, WANG Zhigang, XU Yiwen, WANG Yaliang. Response of Machine-transplanting Quality and Yield Formation of Hybrid Rice Pot-mat Seedlings to Pot Depth[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(4): 491-500.

图/表 8

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秧盘处理 Seedling tray	成毯性 Mat-forming capacity	苗高 Seedling height(cm)	叶龄 Leaf age	茎基宽 Stem base width(mm)	茎叶干质量 Biomass of stem and leaves(mg)	根长 Root length (cm)	根干质量 Biomass of root(mg)	成苗率 Seedling rate (%)
CK	好 Good	23.15±0.60 a	4.26±0.02 a	2.67±0.04 a	45.77±0.80 a	10.94±0.15 a	16.83±1.03 a	84.99±1.44 a
T₁	好 Good	23.33±0.99 a	4.21±0.04 a	2.67±0.05 a	46.47±1.25 a	11.06±0.19 a	16.40±1.68 a	85.02±2.02 a
T₂	一般 Common	23.48±0.78 a	4.23±0.06 a	2.68±0.05 a	46.07±0.76 a	10.90±0.17 a	16.73±1.26 a	84.85±1.22 a
T₃	一般 Common	23.48±0.99 a	4.22±0.05 a	2.68±0.04 a	46.80±1.71 a	10.82±0.13 a	16.37±0.87 a	84.85±1.68 a
T₄	差 Bad	23.73±0.67 a	4.26±0.03 a	2.67±0.05 a	47.07±0.38 a	10.85±0.25 a	16.93±1.33 a	85.10±1.61 a

秧盘处理 Seedling tray	成毯性 Mat-forming capacity	苗高 Seedling height(cm)	叶龄 Leaf age	茎基宽 Stem base width(mm)	茎叶干质量 Biomass of stem and leaves(mg)	根长 Root length (cm)	根干质量 Biomass of root(mg)	成苗率 Seedling rate (%)
CK	好 Good	23.15±0.60 a	4.26±0.02 a	2.67±0.04 a	45.77±0.80 a	10.94±0.15 a	16.83±1.03 a	84.99±1.44 a
T₁	好 Good	23.33±0.99 a	4.21±0.04 a	2.67±0.05 a	46.47±1.25 a	11.06±0.19 a	16.40±1.68 a	85.02±2.02 a
T₂	一般 Common	23.48±0.78 a	4.23±0.06 a	2.68±0.05 a	46.07±0.76 a	10.90±0.17 a	16.73±1.26 a	84.85±1.22 a
T₃	一般 Common	23.48±0.99 a	4.22±0.05 a	2.68±0.04 a	46.80±1.71 a	10.82±0.13 a	16.37±0.87 a	84.85±1.68 a
T₄	差 Bad	23.73±0.67 a	4.26±0.03 a	2.67±0.05 a	47.07±0.38 a	10.85±0.25 a	16.93±1.33 a	85.10±1.61 a

秧盘处理 Seedling tray	单穴苗数 Number of seedlings per hill	机插群体漏秧率 Missed hill rate under mechanical transplanting(%)	机插种植均匀度 Mechanical transplanting uniformity(%)
CK	2.51±0.03 a	4.41±0.45 c	69.39±1.85 a
T₁	2.49±0.07 a	4.94±0.35 c	67.33±0.90 a
T₂	2.48±0.06 a	6.52±0.41 b	59.14±1.34 b
T₃	2.51±0.04 a	7.07±0.37 b	57.45±0.81 b
T₄	2.50±0.07 a	16.1±0.48 a	39.87±0.97 c

秧盘处理 Seedling tray	单穴苗数 Number of seedlings per hill	机插群体漏秧率 Missed hill rate under mechanical transplanting(%)	机插种植均匀度 Mechanical transplanting uniformity(%)
CK	2.51±0.03 a	4.41±0.45 c	69.39±1.85 a
T₁	2.49±0.07 a	4.94±0.35 c	67.33±0.90 a
T₂	2.48±0.06 a	6.52±0.41 b	59.14±1.34 b
T₃	2.51±0.04 a	7.07±0.37 b	57.45±0.81 b
T₄	2.50±0.07 a	16.1±0.48 a	39.87±0.97 c

秧盘处理 Seedling tray	总根长 Root total length(cm)		总根表面积 Root total superficial area(cm²)		总根体积 Root total volume(×10^-2 cm³)		总根数 Root number
秧盘处理 Seedling tray	取秧前 Before transplanting	取秧后 After transplanting	取秧前 Before transplanting	取秧后 After transplanting	取秧前 Before transplanting	取秧后 After transplanting	取秧前 Before transplanting	取秧后 After transplanting
CK	37.85±1.05 a	22.65±1.16 d	2.10±0.09 a	1.45±0.05 c	1.01±0.05 a	0.72±0.03 d	26.40±1.89 a	26.35±0.89 a
T₁	37.70±0.94 a	24.74±1.02 cd	2.08±0.10 a	1.54±0.04 c	1.01±0.05 a	0.75±0.02 cd	26.22±1.56 a	26.07±1.81 a
T₂	37.54±1.11 a	26.50±0.86 c	2.09±0.16 a	1.66±0.06 b	1.03±0.07 a	0.79±0.02 c	26.37±1.36 a	26.45±1.31 a
T₃	37.70±1.12 a	29.98±0.17 b	2.09±0.09 a	1.73±0.06 b	1.02±0.05 a	0.83±0.03 b	26.44±1.13 a	26.11±1.63 a
T₄	37.63±1.02 a	33.48±1.86 a	2.08±0.12 a	1.85±0.03 a	1.01±0.04 a	0.89±0.02 a	26.74±1.42 a	26.77±1.82 a

杂交稻钵毯苗机插质量及产量形成对钵深的响应

Response of Machine-transplanting Quality and Yield Formation of Hybrid Rice Pot-mat Seedlings to Pot Depth

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Metrics

秧盘处理 Seeding tray	叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI)			地上部干物质量 Biomass of aboveground parts(t/hm²)
秧盘处理 Seeding tray	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	抽穗期 Heading	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
CK	1.40±0.05 d	4.18±0.32 b	5.60±0.23 b	1.15±0.06 c	5.60±0.23 d	12.24±0.28 c	17.75±0.10 c
T₁	1.48±0.04 c	4.31±0.39 b	5.71±0.29 b	1.18±0.04 bc	5.71±0.29 cd	12.49±0.27 c	17.85±0.28 bc
T₂	1.52±0.06 bc	4.45±0.22 ab	5.85±0.23 ab	1.24±0.05 bc	5.85±0.23 bc	12.88±0.20 b	17.96±0.30 b
T₃	1.57±0.05 b	4.55±0.32 ab	5.93±0.20 ab	1.28±0.06 ab	5.93±0.20 b	13.16±0.21 b	18.16±0.28 b
T₄	1.66±0.04 a	4.64±0.32 a	6.18±0.21 a	1.35±0.06 a	6.18±0.21 a	13.62±0.26 a	18.79±0.37 a

秧盘处理 Seeding tray	有效穗数 No. of productive panicles(×10⁴/hm²)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate(%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	产量 Yield(t/hm²)
CK	155.56±1.85 d	281.45±2.86 a	85.77±1.02 a	22.28±0.43 a	8.38±0.09 c
T₁	159.88±1.07 c	283.68±7.39 a	85.61±1.11 a	22.05±0.35 a	8.57±0.11 bc
T₂	162.35±2.14 c	284.48±6.28 a	85.18±0.24 a	21.92±0.15 a	8.62±0.09 b
T₃	166.67±1.85 b	281.47±6.58 a	84.76±1.02 a	21.90±0.13 a	8.71±0.09 b
T₄	172.22±3.21 a	282.33±3.21 a	84.64±0.39 a	21.87±0.13 a	9.01±0.13 a

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