中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 439-446.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.220408

• 研究报告 •    下一篇

我国优质杂交稻主要品种推广情况与展望

曾波1(), 龚俊义2(), 张芳1   

  1. 1.全国农业技术推广服务中心，北京 100125
    2.中国水稻研究所 水稻生物学国家重点实验室，杭州 310006
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-14 修回日期:2022-05-18 出版日期:2022-09-10 发布日期:2022-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 曾波,龚俊义
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(32072049)

Analysis and Prospects of Extension of Main Varieties of Hybrid Rice with High Quality in China

ZENG Bo1(), GONG Junyi2(), ZHANG Fang1   

  1. 1. National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
  • Received:2022-04-14 Revised:2022-05-18 Online:2022-09-10 Published:2022-09-09
  • Contact: ZENG Bo, GONG Junyi

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摘要：

【目的】最近十余年，是我国杂交稻优质化从修订审定指标引导到全面推进的重要时期，回顾这一时期我国优质杂交稻的选育与推广进程，对于完善和指导未来的水稻育种具有重要的意义。【方法】试验材料与数据来自2009－2020年我国杂交水稻主要品种的推广面积统计汇总、品种审定试验结果及品种系谱资料。分析了各主要稻区优质杂交稻品种的推广应用总体情况，梳理了主要优质杂交稻品种利用的不育系、恢复系及各系列品种推广面积，还回顾了各稻区主栽品种更替历程。【结果】这一时期，我国优质杂交稻品种推广面积持续快速增长，各主要稻区品种优质率显著提升，但高档优质稻品种仍然缺乏。优质杂交稻品种的亲本来源比较单一，集中于15个骨干不育系和9个恢复系。此外，分析结果还显示我国各主要稻区主栽优质杂交稻品种总体上进行了1~2次大规模更替。【结论】过去12年来，得益于水稻科研育种技术创新驱动，我国杂交稻优质化育种进程明显加快，各稻区优质杂交水稻品种不断涌现，推广面积快速增加，生产主推优质品种比重显著提升。

关键词: 杂交稻, 优质化, 主要品种, 推广面积, 亲本

Abstract:

【Objective】The recent ten-odd years have marked an important transition when the quality of hybrid rice has been promoted under the guidance of revised and approved standards. Reviewing the breeding and extension process of high-quality hybrid rice in this period is of great significance for guiding rice breeding in the future. 【Method】 Based on rice materials and data including the extension area of main hybrid rice varieties in China from 2009 to 2020, we analyzed the extension area of male sterile lines, restorer lines and series of varieties, and reviewed the replacement process of major varieties in each rice cropping region. 【Result】 During this period, the extension area of hybrid rice varieties with high quality in China kept growing rapidly, and the high-quality-rice rate in term of planting area in main rice cropping regions increased significantly, but there was still a lack of high-grade rice varieties with high quality. The results also showed that the existing main hybrid rice varieties with high quality were derived from 15 male sterile lines and 9 restorer lines. In addition, the analysis results showed that the major hybrid rice varieties with high quality in different rice cropping regions in China had been replaced on a large scale for 1-2 times. 【Conclusion】 Over the past 12 years, driven by the innovation of rice breeding technology, the process of high-quality hybrid rice breeding in China has been significantly accelerated, a large number of high-quality hybrid rice varieties have emerged in various rice cropping regions, the planting area has increased rapidly, and the proportion of high-quality varieties applied in production has increased significantly.

Key words: hybrid rice, high quality, main variety, extension area, parent