不同籼稻品种对低磷响应的差异及其农艺生理性状

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.210304

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同籼稻品种对低磷响应的差异及其农艺生理性状。【方法】以12个江苏省近80年来各阶段在生产上应用的具有代表性的中熟籼稻品种为材料,进行全生育期水培种植,设置低磷(磷浓度为标准营养液中磷浓度的1/20)处理,以正常磷处理(标准培养液配方)为对照。【结果】将耐低磷指数作为评价籼稻品种耐低磷性的指标,并将供试品种分为3类：强耐低磷品种(耐低磷指数≥0.9)、中耐低磷品种(0.5<耐低磷指数<0.9)、弱耐低磷品种(耐低磷指数≤0.5)。选择耐低磷性差异明显的强耐低磷品种2个以及弱耐低磷品种2个进行农艺与生理特征分析。与对照相比,低磷处理降低了各品种产量。与对照相比,低磷处理增加了水稻的磷素运转率(PTE)、磷产谷利用率(IPE)和磷收获指数(PHI),强耐低磷品种在低磷处理下的PTE和IPE高于弱耐低磷品种。与弱耐低磷品种相比,强耐低磷品种在低磷处理下具有较大的地上部干物质、根干质量和茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累和转运,根系氧化力降幅小,根系酸性磷酸酶活性增幅高,分蘖受抑制程度小,并能保持较大的叶面积指数以及孕穗灌浆期较高的光合速率。【结论】与弱耐低磷品种相比,在低磷处理下保持较高的干物质、NSC积累和运转、根系氧化力、根系酸性磷酸酶活性、光合速率以及磷素利用效率是强耐低磷品种重要的农艺与生理特征。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 耐低磷, 农艺性状, 生理性状

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in response to low phosphorus stress among indica rice varieties and their agronomic and physiological characteristics. 【Method】 Twelve medium-maturity indica rice varieties applied in production in Jiangsu Province in the last 80 years were used and two levels of phosphorus concentrations, low phosphorus level (1/20 of the phosphorus concentration of the standard nutrient solution formulation, LP) and the normal phosphorus concentration (International Rice Research Institute standard nutrient solution formulation, control, NP), were designed. 【Result】 The low phosphorus tolerance index was chosen to evaluate the tolerance to low phosphorus (LP) for rice varieties, and the tested cultivars were classified into three categories based on the index: strong tolerance to LP (LP tolerance index ≥0.9), medium resistance to LP (0.5< LP tolerance index <0.9) and weak tolerance to LP (LP tolerance index ≤0.5). Two varieties with strong tolerance to low phosphorus and two with weak tolerance were chosen to investigate the agronomic and physiological characteristics. Plants grown at LP produced significantly lower grain yield than those grown at NP. Compared to NP, LP increased phosphorus translocation efficiency (PTE), internal phosphorus efficiency (IPE) and phosphorus harvest index (PHI). Under the LP condition, PTE and IPE were higher for the varieties with strong tolerance to low phosphorus than for the varieties with weak tolerance to low phosphorus. Compared to the varieties with weak tolerance to low phosphorus, the varieties with strong tolerance to low phosphorus had greater shoot and root biomass, NSC accumulation and remobilization in stem and sheath, less reduction in root oxidation activity, higher increase in acid phosphatase activity in root, more tillers, greater leaf area index and leaf photosynthetic rate at booting stage and grain filling stage. 【Conclusion】 Compared to the varieties with weak tolerance to low phosphorus, larger dry matter accumulation, NSC accumulation and remobilization, root oxidation activity, acid phosphatase activity, leaf photosynthesis rate, and phosphorus utilization efficiency were important agronomic and physiological traits for the varieties with strong tolerance to low phosphorus under LP level.

Key words: rice, yield, tolerance to low phosphorus, agronomic traits, physiological characteristics

乔胜锋, 邓亚萍, 瞿寒冰, 张伟杨, 顾骏飞, 张耗, 刘立军, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 不同籼稻品种对低磷响应的差异及其农艺生理性状[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(4): 396-406.

Shengfeng QIAO, Yaping DENG, Hanbing QU, Weiyang ZHANG, Junfei GU, Hao ZHANG, Lijun LIU, Zhiqin WANG, Jianchang YANG. Differences in Response to Low Phosphorus Stress Among indica Rice Varieties and Their Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(4): 396-406.

图/表 12

参考文献 41

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应用年代 Age of application	品种 Variety	株高类型 Plant height type	生长期 Growth duration/d
1940–1950	黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	高秆 High stalk	118
1940–1950	银条籼 Yintiaoxian	高秆 High stalk	117
1940–1950	南京1号 Nanjing 1	高秆 High stalk	117
1960–1970	台中籼 Taizhongxian	矮秆 Dwarf	130
1960–1970	南京11 Nanjing 11	矮秆 Dwarf	122
1960–1970	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	矮秆 Dwarf	127
1970–1980	IR24	半矮秆 Semi dwarf	122
1980–1990	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	半矮秆 Semi dwarf	145
1980–1990	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	半矮秆 Semi dwarf	146
1990–2000	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153
2000–	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	152
2000–	II优084 II you 084	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153

应用年代 Age of application	品种 Variety	株高类型 Plant height type	生长期 Growth duration/d
1940–1950	黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	高秆 High stalk	118
1940–1950	银条籼 Yintiaoxian	高秆 High stalk	117
1940–1950	南京1号 Nanjing 1	高秆 High stalk	117
1960–1970	台中籼 Taizhongxian	矮秆 Dwarf	130
1960–1970	南京11 Nanjing 11	矮秆 Dwarf	122
1960–1970	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	矮秆 Dwarf	127
1970–1980	IR24	半矮秆 Semi dwarf	122
1980–1990	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	半矮秆 Semi dwarf	145
1980–1990	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	半矮秆 Semi dwarf	146
1990–2000	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153
2000–	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	152
2000–	II优084 II you 084	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	单位面积穗数 Number of panicles/(m^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	产量 Yield/(g·m^-2)
低磷	黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	270.39 e	91.18 f	24.81 ef	70.23 de	429.58 e
LP	银条籼 Yintiaoxian	324.69 a	96.45 f	25.31 e	67.69 e	536.52 d
	南京1号 Nanjing 1	234.78 h	123.56 d	24.53 f	76.27 cd	543.88 d
	台中籼 Taizhongxian	300.86 b	106.63 e	23.37 g	79.06 bc	597.74 cd
	南京11 Nanjing 11	303.21 b	90.20 f	24.43 f	84.40 ab	563.92 d
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	303.80 b	93.14 f	26.13 d	79.44 bc	587.36 cd
	IR24	269.10 ef	80.41 g	24.91 ef	66.14 e	329.55 f
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	294.11 c	129.59 d	26.89 c	70.89 de	726.54 b
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	244.99 g	123.38 d	29.74 b	72.11 de	648.21 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	237.13 h	137.60 c	30.74 a	75.89 cd	761.17 b
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	281.14 d	156.96 b	26.06 d	65.22 e	749.99 b
	Ⅱ优084 Ⅱyou 084	263.82 f	192.20 a	26.62 cd	86.51 a	1167.7 a
正常磷	黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	335.17 c	113.20 g	24.61 d	67.82 de	633.26 e
NP	银条籼 Yintiaoxian	345.25 b	112.77 g	24.44 de	67.30 def	640.39 e
	南京1号 Nanjing 1	281.86 f	137.01 e	23.46 f	72.28 c	654.83 e
	台中籼 Taizhongxian	316.55 d	123.96 f	22.75 g	77.55 b	692.30 de
	南京11 Nanjing 11	318.80 d	126.37 f	24.30 de	77.48 b	758.50 cd
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	361.45 a	111.19 g	25.76 b	71.43 cd	739.50 cd
	IR24	299.98 e	101.17 h	24.25 e	59.18 g	435.54 f
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	299.98 e	156.07 d	25.24 c	66.75 ef	788.77 c
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	264.69 g	161.59 d	27.93 a	64.69 ef	772.77 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	280.87 f	169.95 c	27.67 a	67.89 de	896.67 b
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	313.22 d	185.71 b	24.99 c	62.99 fg	915.64 b
	Ⅱ优084 Ⅱyou 084	300.41 e	210.01 a	24.95 c	83.45 a	1310.44 a

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	单位面积穗数 Number of panicles/(m^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	产量 Yield/(g·m^-2)
低磷	黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	270.39 e	91.18 f	24.81 ef	70.23 de	429.58 e
LP	银条籼 Yintiaoxian	324.69 a	96.45 f	25.31 e	67.69 e	536.52 d
	南京1号 Nanjing 1	234.78 h	123.56 d	24.53 f	76.27 cd	543.88 d
	台中籼 Taizhongxian	300.86 b	106.63 e	23.37 g	79.06 bc	597.74 cd
	南京11 Nanjing 11	303.21 b	90.20 f	24.43 f	84.40 ab	563.92 d
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	303.80 b	93.14 f	26.13 d	79.44 bc	587.36 cd
	IR24	269.10 ef	80.41 g	24.91 ef	66.14 e	329.55 f
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	294.11 c	129.59 d	26.89 c	70.89 de	726.54 b
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	244.99 g	123.38 d	29.74 b	72.11 de	648.21 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	237.13 h	137.60 c	30.74 a	75.89 cd	761.17 b
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	281.14 d	156.96 b	26.06 d	65.22 e	749.99 b
	Ⅱ优084 Ⅱyou 084	263.82 f	192.20 a	26.62 cd	86.51 a	1167.7 a
正常磷	黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	335.17 c	113.20 g	24.61 d	67.82 de	633.26 e
NP	银条籼 Yintiaoxian	345.25 b	112.77 g	24.44 de	67.30 def	640.39 e
	南京1号 Nanjing 1	281.86 f	137.01 e	23.46 f	72.28 c	654.83 e
	台中籼 Taizhongxian	316.55 d	123.96 f	22.75 g	77.55 b	692.30 de
	南京11 Nanjing 11	318.80 d	126.37 f	24.30 de	77.48 b	758.50 cd
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	361.45 a	111.19 g	25.76 b	71.43 cd	739.50 cd
	IR24	299.98 e	101.17 h	24.25 e	59.18 g	435.54 f
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	299.98 e	156.07 d	25.24 c	66.75 ef	788.77 c
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	264.69 g	161.59 d	27.93 a	64.69 ef	772.77 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	280.87 f	169.95 c	27.67 a	67.89 de	896.67 b
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	313.22 d	185.71 b	24.99 c	62.99 fg	915.64 b
	Ⅱ优084 Ⅱyou 084	300.41 e	210.01 a	24.95 c	83.45 a	1310.44 a

品种 Variety	耐低磷系数 Low-phosphorus tolerance coefficient	耐低磷指数 Low-phosphorus tolerance index
黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	0.66 f	0.44 g
银条籼 Yintiaoxian	0.82 bc	0.67 ef
南京1号 Nanjing 1	0.81 bc	0.67 ef
台中籼 Taizhongxian	0.84 b	0.76 de
南京11 Nanjing 11	0.73 e	0.64 f
珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	0.78 cd	0.70 ef
IR24	0.75 de	0.38 g
扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	0.89 a	0.99 b
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	0.83 b	0.83 cd
扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	0.84 b	0.98 b
两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	0.80 bc	0.92 bc
Ⅱ优084 Ⅱyou 084	0.90 a	1.64 a