Chinese Journal OF Rice Science ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 307-320.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220604

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Research on Simulation Model of High Temperature Stress on Rice and Its Application in Fujian Province

LIN Dan1, JIANG Min1, MIAO Bo1, GUO Meng1, SHI Chunlin2,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
    2Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
  • Received:2022-06-04 Revised:2022-08-05 Online:2023-05-10 Published:2023-05-16
  • Contact: *email: 912050823@qq.com

水稻高温热害模型研究及其在福建省的应用

林聃1, 江敏1, 苗波1, 郭萌1, 石春林2,*()   

  1. 1福建农林大学 农学院/作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室,福州 350002
    2江苏省农业科学院农业信息研究所,南京 210014
  • 通讯作者: *email: 912050823@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省社会发展引导性项目(2020Y0018);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31671574);国家自然科学基金资助项目(1006)

Abstract:

【Objective】By studying the effects of high temperature on rice yield formation, a simulation model of rice high temperature stress was developed, aiming to improve the prevention and disaster damage assessment level in rice under high temperature stress.【Method】In this experiment, four representative varieties planted in Fujian Province were selected, the temperature treatments T1(35℃), T2(41 ℃) and the duration of high temperature stress D1(3 days) and D2(7 days) were set respectively at flowering stage and grain-filling stage of early rice, and during meiosis stage and flowering stage of middle rice, while the suitable environmental conditions were used as the control (CK) to analyze the changes of rice yield and its constituent factors under different stress treatments. A comprehensive simulation model for the effects of high temperature stress on rice yield was established. Based on the historical climatic data of the past 20 years, the model was used to assess yield loss caused by disaster at four rice planting sites in Fujian Province.【Results】The yield per plant of early rice suffer a severest loss of 60.8% as affected by T2D2 treatment at the flowering stage. The seed setting rate of the two cultivars decreased by about 60% under T2D2 treatment. High temperature at the grain-filling stage had the lowest impact on the yield per plant of early rice, which was 17.8% under T2D2 treatment. The seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of the two varieties had a maximum decrease of 11.6% and 9.0%, respectively. After being affected by high temperature at the meiosis stage, the yield per plant of middle rice decreased up to 43.6%, and the number of grains per panicle decreased by 17.4% under T2D2 treatment. The effect on seed setting rate was significantly greater than that of 1000-grain weight, with decreases of 30.8% and 9.8%, respectively. High temperature T2D2 treatment had the greatest effect on rice yield at flowering stage, and the yield per plant decreased by 42.1%, while the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight decreased by 37.0% and 5.7%, respectively. According to the rice development period model developed by ourselves and the results of this experiment, the genetic parameters of the four varieties were determined, and the quantitative relationship between accumulated degree-hours of high temperature and the yield loss rate after various high temperature treatments was determined in the key development period of rice, and then the high temperature stress simulation model of early rice and middle rice were figured out respectively. The damage simulation of four rice planting sites showed that the temporal changes of the loss rate and meteorological yield was opposite, and the damage to middle rice was more serious than that of early rice.【Conclusion】The effect of high temperature stress on rice yield in early rice at the flowering stage was greater than that at the grain-filling stage. The effect of high temperature stress at the meiotic stage of middle rice was more serious than that at the flowering stage. The four sets of rice genetic parameters obtained in this experiment have good simulation effects on the growth period in the representative sample sites. The simulation results of high temperature stress for four representative sample sites observed by the high temperature stress simulation model of early rice and middle rice showed that the yield loss rate and the meteorological yield change corresponded well, which proves that the simulation effect of high temperature heat damage model is desirable.

Key words: rice, critical growth period, high temperature stress, yield loss rate, simulation model

摘要:

【目的】通过研究高温对水稻产量形成的影响,构建水稻高温热害模型,旨在提高水稻高温热害的防御和灾损评估水平。【方法】选用福建省种植的4个代表性品种,分别于早稻开花期和灌浆期、中稻减数分裂期和开花期,设置不同温度水平T1(35℃)、T2(41℃)和高温胁迫持续天数D1(3 d)、D2(7 d),以适宜环境条件为对照(CK),分析不同处理下水稻产量及其构成因素的变化,并据此构建高温热害对水稻产量影响的综合模型。根据近20年气象资料,利用模型对福建省四个水稻种植样点的产量进行灾损评估。【结果】早稻在开花期T2D2高温处理时,单株产量降幅最大,为60.8%;两个品种的结实率降幅在T2D2处理下可达60%。灌浆期高温对早稻单株产量影响较小,T2D2处理下为17.8%,两个品种结实率和千粒重降幅最大值分别为11.6%和9.0%。中稻两个品种受减数分裂期高温影响后,在T2D2处理下的单株产量降幅最大可达43.6%,每穗粒数下降为17.4%,结实率所受影响明显大于千粒重,降幅分别为30.8%和9.8%。中稻开花期T2D2高温处理对产量影响最大,单株产量降幅可达42.1%,结实率和千粒重受高温影响后降幅最大分别为37.0%和5.7%。根据项目组研发的水稻发育期模型和本研究结果确定了4个供试品种的遗传参数,构建了水稻关键发育期的高温累积度时和高温处理后灾损率之间的定量关系,进而分别构建了早稻和中稻的高温热害模型。对4个水稻种植样点进行灾损模拟,发现各地损失率和气象产量的时间变化规律正好相反,且中稻较早稻遭受高温危害更为严重。【结论】早稻开花期高温热害对水稻产量的影响大于灌浆期,中稻减数分裂期高温热害的影响比开花期严重。通过本研究确定的4个供试品种的遗传参数在代表性样点对生育期的模拟效果较好。构建的早稻和中稻高温热害模型对四个代表性样点的灾损模拟效果较理想。

关键词: 水稻, 关键发育期, 高温热害, 产量损失率, 模型