Response of Yield Traits of Rice (Ⅱ-You 898) to Abrupt Drought-flood Alternation

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.0103

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Abnormal global climate change leads to the reoccurrence of abrupt drought-flood alternation (ADFA). In order to national food security and disaster prevention and reduction in crops, we analyzed yield response characteristics of rice to ADFA. 【Method】The experiment was conducted at the Xin-maqiao irrigation experimental station at the Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research in China (117°22′E, 33°09′N) between 2017 and 2018. Three drought-flood alternation treatments were designed and compared with normal irrigation conditions. Based on the experimental data, the effects of drought, flood, and ADFA on rice yield and yield components were analyzed, the quantitative indicator R for the compensation or reduction of the early drought and later floods was proposed, and the interaction effects between late flooding stress and early drought stress on yield was revealed.【Result】Compared with the normal group, ADFA stress reduced the rice yield. The yield reduction ranged from 12.38% to 56.15%. Among them, the combination of heavy drought and heavy flood was the most unfavorable for yield. The reduction in the grain number and the grain weight was the main reason for yield reduction under ADFA stress. The drought stress of the ADFA groups compensated the yield under flood conditions, mainly because the grain number per panicle, total grain number and seed setting rate increased during the drought period. The flood stress of the ADFA groups reduced the yield under drought conditions, and the decrease in the grain number per panicle, total grain number, thousand-seed weight and seed setting rate during the flooding period was the main reason. 【Conclusion】The results show that in the case of light and moderate drought stress occurring at the early stage, the damage caused by late-stage flood stress on rice should be avoided as possible; if flooding is predicted to occur in the later period and the drainage facilities can not eliminate its adverse effects, drought treatment can be carried out in advance at the medium-late period of the jointing stage to reduce the loss of rice yield.

Key words: drought, flood, rice, yield, abrupt drought-flood alternation, interaction

摘要：

【目的】全球气候变化异常导致旱涝急转事件频发,为保障国家粮食安全,做好农作物的防灾减灾工作,研究了旱涝急转条件下水稻的减产特征。【方法】以淮北平原区水稻为试验对象,在淮委水利科学研究院新马桥农水试验站(117°22′E,33°09′N)开展了为期两年(2017–2018年)的水稻旱涝急转胁迫试验,分析了不同旱涝胁迫程度、不同胁迫持续时间的单一干旱、单一淹涝、旱涝急转胁迫对水稻产量及产量构成的影响,提出先期旱与后期涝的补偿、削减作用量化指标R,揭示了旱涝急转后期淹涝胁迫与前期干旱胁迫对水稻产量影响的交互作用新规律。【结果】拔节期发生旱涝急转产量普遍减少,减产范围12.38%~56.15%。其中,重旱重涝组合对产量最为不利,粒数与粒重减少是旱涝急转胁迫条件下水稻减产主要原因;旱涝急转处理下前期适度干旱可减轻后期淹涝导致的减产,即旱涝急转旱胁迫对涝胁迫具有产量上的补偿效应,主要是提高了每穗粒数、总粒数和结实率;而后期淹涝对前期干旱具有协同作用,表现出产量上的削减效应,主要是每穗粒数、总粒数、千粒质量、结实率的减少。【结论】前期已经发生了轻、中旱胁迫,应尽量避免后期淹涝对水稻的二次损伤;若预测到后期将出现洪涝,并且短时间内田间排水设施无法消除其不利影响,则可提前在水稻拔节中、后期进行旱锻炼以减轻水稻产量损失。

关键词: 干旱, 淹涝, 水稻, 产量, 旱涝急转, 交互作用

CLC Number:

S422
S423

Yun GAO, Tiesong HU, Xuebin QI, Hongwei YUAN. Response of Yield Traits of Rice (Ⅱ-You 898) to Abrupt Drought-flood Alternation[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2020, 34(4): 348-358.

高芸, 胡铁松, 齐学斌, 袁宏伟. Ⅱ优898产量对旱涝急转的响应规律研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2020, 34(4): 348-358.

Figures/Tables 12

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处理组 Treatment	受旱程度 Drought degree/%	受旱时间 Drought time/d	受旱水平 Drought level	受涝程度 Flood degree/%	受涝时间 Flood time/d	受涝水平 Flood level
ADFA₁	70	5	S-LD	50	5	S-LF
DC₁	70	5	S-LD
FC₁				50	5	S-LF
ADFA₂	70	10	M-LD	75	7	M-MF
DC₂	70	10	M-LD
FC₂				75	7	M-MF
ADFA₃	70	15	L-LD	100	9	L-HF
DC₃	70	15	L-LD
FC₃				100	9	L-HF
ADFA₄	60	5	S-MD	75	9	L-MF
DC₄	60	5	S-MD
FC₄				75	9	L-MF
ADFA₅	60	10	M-MD	100	5	S-HF
DC₅	60	10	M-MD
FC₅				100	5	S-HF
ADFA₆	60	15	L-MD	50	7	M-LF
DC₆	60	15	L-MD
FC₆				50	7	M-LF
ADFA₇	50	5	S-HD	100	7	M-HF
DC₇	50	5	S-HD
FC₇				100	7	M-HF
ADFA₈	50	10	M-HD	50	9	L-LF
DC₈	50	10	M-HD
FC₈				50	9	L-LF
ADFA₉	50	15	L-HD	75	5	S-MF
DC₉	50	15	L-HD
FC₉				75	5	S-MF

处理组 Treatment	受旱程度 Drought degree/%	受旱时间 Drought time/d	受旱水平 Drought level	受涝程度 Flood degree/%	受涝时间 Flood time/d	受涝水平 Flood level
ADFA₁	70	5	S-LD	50	5	S-LF
DC₁	70	5	S-LD
FC₁				50	5	S-LF
ADFA₂	70	10	M-LD	75	7	M-MF
DC₂	70	10	M-LD
FC₂				75	7	M-MF
ADFA₃	70	15	L-LD	100	9	L-HF
DC₃	70	15	L-LD
FC₃				100	9	L-HF
ADFA₄	60	5	S-MD	75	9	L-MF
DC₄	60	5	S-MD
FC₄				75	9	L-MF
ADFA₅	60	10	M-MD	100	5	S-HF
DC₅	60	10	M-MD
FC₅				100	5	S-HF
ADFA₆	60	15	L-MD	50	7	M-LF
DC₆	60	15	L-MD
FC₆				50	7	M-LF
ADFA₇	50	5	S-HD	100	7	M-HF
DC₇	50	5	S-HD
FC₇				100	7	M-HF
ADFA₈	50	10	M-HD	50	9	L-LF
DC₈	50	10	M-HD
FC₈				50	9	L-LF
ADFA₉	50	15	L-HD	75	5	S-MF
DC₉	50	15	L-HD
FC₉				75	5	S-MF

年份 Year	旱涝程度和时间 Drought/Flood degree and time	产量 Yield	穗数 Panicle number per barrel	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	总粒数 Total grain number	千粒质量 Thousand-grain weight	结实率 Seed setting rate
2017	受旱程度 Drought degree	**	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	受旱时间 Drought time	*	*	NS	NS	NS	NS
	受涝程度 Flood degree	**	NS	**	**	**	**
	受涝时间 Flood time	**	**	*	NS	NS	NS
2018	受旱程度 Drought degree	**	NS	*	**	NS	**
	受旱时间 Drought time	**	NS	**	**	NS	**
	受涝程度 Flood degree	**	NS	**	**	NS	**
	受涝时间 Flood time	**	NS	**	**	NS	**

年份 Year	旱涝程度和时间 Drought/Flood degree and time	产量 Yield	穗数 Panicle number per barrel	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	总粒数 Total grain number	千粒质量 Thousand-grain weight	结实率 Seed setting rate
2017	受旱程度 Drought degree	**	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	受旱时间 Drought time	*	*	NS	NS	NS	NS
	受涝程度 Flood degree	**	NS	**	**	**	**
	受涝时间 Flood time	**	**	*	NS	NS	NS
2018	受旱程度 Drought degree	**	NS	*	**	NS	**
	受旱时间 Drought time	**	NS	**	**	NS	**
	受涝程度 Flood degree	**	NS	**	**	NS	**
	受涝时间 Flood time	**	NS	**	**	NS	**

年份 Year	旱涝程度和时间 Drought/Flood degree and time	产量 Yield/g	穗数 Panicle number per barrel	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	总粒数 Total grain number	千粒质量 Thousand-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed setting rate/%
2017	受旱程度 Drought degree	9.713	1	8.666	335	1.81	4.274
	受旱时间 Drought time	8.636	2.666	4.667	263	0.666	3.334
	受涝程度 Flood degree	34.773	1.334	18	641	3.056	12.82
	受涝时间 Flood time	16.514	3	11.667	298.666	1.577	5.03
2018	受旱程度 Drought degree	14.737	0.667	9.333	525.334	0.773	7.83
	受旱时间 Drought time	14.596	2.333	12.333	797	0.7	5.644
	受涝程度 Flood degree	33.31	1.334	29.667	1268.666	0.647	10.19
	受涝时间 Flood time	21.294	0.667	18.334	849.333	0.514	4.793