Abstract:

【Objective】The objective is to elucidate the dry matter production and yield characteristics of machine-transplanted rice varieties. 【Method】The dry matter production and yield formation of 10 varieties of three different types, medium-maturing indica hybrid rice, late-maturing indica hybrid rice and japonica rice included, were analyzed under mechanical transplanting in Sichuan Basin in 2012. 【Result】The main results were as follows: 1) The processes of dry matter accumulation of the three different types of rice varieties after transplanting are in accordance with the Logistic curve. The dry matter accumulation of medium-maturing indica hybrid rice and late-maturing indica hybrid rice were faster than that of japonica rice, with shorter slow growth period and longer fast growth period. However, the dry matter accumulation of japonica rice was slower with longer incremental growth period and slow growth period and shorter fast growth period. Therefore the dry matter accumulation of medium-maturing indica hybrid rice and late-maturing indica hybrid rice was superior to that of japonica rice. 2) The medium-maturing hybrid rice had the lowest proportion of vegetative organs and the highest proportion of reproductive organs, the late-maturing hybrid rice had the highest proportion of leaves at maturity, whereas the japonica rice had high proportion for stem but low proportion for panicles. 3) The percentage of output and transformation of stem and leaf in medium-maturing hybrid rice and late-maturing hybrid rice were all positive. However, the percentage of output and transformation of stem and the percentage of transformation of leaf in japonica rice were all negative, and the percentage of output of leaf was only 1.26%. 4) Medium-maturing indica hybrid rice has largest yield, grain number per panicle, grain filling rate, and filling degree, late-maturing indica hybrid rice has largest seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, and japonica rice has largest effective panicle number and productive tiller percentage, which indicates that the indica hybrid rice yield is mainly associated with panicle traits, and japonica rice is mainly related to the number of panicles in the field.【Conclusion】Hybrid indica rice needs to increase its effective panicle number and the productive tiller percentage under the machine-transplanted conditions. For japonica rice, it’s necessary to breed large panicle varieties and increase the grain number per panicle and grain filling degree.

Key words: rice, mechanical transplanting, dry matter production, yield

摘要：

【目的】阐明机插栽培对不同类型水稻的干物质生产及产量特性的影响,为四川盆地机插秧的推广、品种选育和高产栽培提供依据。【方法】于2012年在四川盆地以中籼中熟杂交稻、中籼迟熟杂交稻、粳稻三类共计10个品种为材料,研究不同类型水稻品种在机插栽培条件下的干物质生产及产量形成特性。【结果】1)三种不同类型品种的水稻移栽后干物质积累均很好地符合Logistic曲线。中籼中熟杂交稻、中籼迟熟杂交稻物质积累均较快,缓增期短,快增期长,物质积累有一定优势;粳稻物质积累速率小,渐增期、缓增期较长,快增期短,物质积累处于劣势。2)三种类型水稻品种相比,在成熟期中籼中熟杂交稻营养器官干物质所占比例最低,生殖器官干物质所占比例最高;中籼迟熟杂交稻成熟期叶片占比最高,而粳稻则是茎鞘比例高、穗比例低。3)中籼中熟杂交稻、中籼迟熟杂交稻的茎鞘、叶片物质输出率和物质转化率均为正值,但粳稻茎鞘物质输出率、转化率和叶片物质转化率均小于0,叶片物质输出率也仅为1.26%。4)中籼中熟杂交稻的产量、每穗实粒数、籽粒充实率、充实度最高,中籼迟熟杂交稻的结实率、千粒重最大,粳稻的有效穗数、成穗率最高,说明籼稻产量主要与穗部性状有关,而粳稻主要与田间有效穗数有关。【结论】在四川盆地的机插栽培条件下,杂交籼稻需提高其有效穗数、成穗率;粳稻需筛选大穗型品种,提高每穗粒数和籽粒充实度。

关键词: 水稻, 机插, 物质生产, 产量