水稻中胚轴研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240504

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻作为全球最重要的粮食作物之一，其生长发育特性对农业生产具有重要影响。水稻的中胚轴(Mesocotyl)是连接种子与幼苗的关键部分，在种子破土出苗过程中发挥着重要作用，其伸长性状在水稻直播栽培中尤为重要。中胚轴的伸长性能直接影响水稻的出苗率、出苗速度及幼苗的抗逆性，是水稻育种和栽培管理中的关键环节。随着现代农业技术的发展，特别是水稻直播技术的兴起，对水稻中胚轴的研究显得尤为迫切和重要。本文从影响中胚轴发育的细胞形态、环境因素、生理因素、中胚轴相关QTL位点和基因挖掘研究进展以及在育种方面的应用进行了阐述，以期为水稻中胚轴的利用和未来育种方向提供理论依据和新思路。

关键词: 水稻, 中胚轴, 基因挖掘, 候选基因预测, 育种

Abstract:

As one of the most important food crops in the world, the growth and development characteristics of rice significantly impact agricultural production. The mesocotyl is a crucial part of rice that connects seeds and seedlings, playing an essential role in the processes of seed germination and emergence. Its elongation characteristics are particularly important in the direct seeding of rice. The elongation performance of the mesocotyl directly affects the emergence rate, emergence speed, and stress resistance of rice seedlings, making it a key link in rice breeding and cultivation management. With the advancement of modern agricultural technology, especially the rise of rice direct seeding technology, research on rice mesocotyl has become increasingly urgent and important. This manuscript reviews the cell morphology, environmental factors, physiological factors, mesocotyl-related QTLs, gene mining, and their applications in breeding. The goal is to lay a theoretical basis and explore new strategies for the utilization of rice mesocotyl and to guide future breeding directions.

Key words: rice, mesocotyl, gene mining, candidate gene prediction, breeding

任宁宁, 孙永建, 申聪聪, 朱双兵, 李慧菊, 张志远, 陈凯. 水稻中胚轴研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(1): 11-23.

REN Ningning, SUN Yongjian, SHEN Congcong, ZHU Shuangbing, LI Huiju, ZHANG Zhiyuan, CHEN Kai. Research Progress in Rice Mesocotyl[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(1): 11-23.

图/表 2

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基因名称 Gene name	方法 Method	材料 Material	参考文献 Reference
OsIAA18	基于DNA-Seq的BSA测序分析 DNA-Seq-based BSA sequencing analysis	鄂中4号(长中胚轴)和华航31(短中胚轴) 构建的F₂群体 F₂ population derived from E Zhong 4 (long mesocotyl) and Huahang 31(short mesocotyl)	[48]
OsML1, OsML2	GWAS	3K RGP(Rice Genome Project)中的621份栽培水稻材料 621 cultivated rice materials from the 3K RGP(Rice Genome Project)	[49]
Os01g0392100, Os04g0630000, Os01g0904700, Os01g0904700	GWAS	24份长中胚轴材料和28份短中胚轴材料(籼稻) 24 samples with long mesocotyl and 28 materials with short mesocotyl (indica rice)	[50]
SD1	图位克隆 Map cloning	T65(不耐深水品种)背景下C9285(深水品种) 的近等基因系(NIL) Near-isogenic lines of C9285(deep-water tolerance) in the background of T65(deep-water intolerance)	[59]
qME1	图位克隆 Map cloning	NIL-ME1(长中胚轴，在Nip背景下携带来自Kasalath的ME1位点染色体片段)作为亲本与日本晴杂交构建的839份F₂群体 NIL-ME1(long mesocotyl, carrying a ME1 locus from Kasalath in the Nipponbare background) was used as a parent to construct an F₂ population consisting of 839 individuals with Nipponbare	[59]
OsGSK2	GWAS	非洲栽培稻CG14为供体亲本，粳稻品种WYJ为循环亲本的CSSL系 CSSLs with African cultivated rice CG14 as the donor parent and japonica rice WYJ as the circulating parent	[61]
OsPAO₅	CRISPR/Cas9	日本晴 Nipponbare	[77]
LOC_Os07g24090.1	GWAS	3K种质资源中的165份材料 165 materials from 3K germplasm resources	[79]
OsGRF3	GWAS	170份水稻微核心种质、100份节水抗旱育种材料 170 rice microcore accessions and 100 rice water-saving and drought-resistant breeding materials	[86]
LOC_Os01g09100, LOC_Os07g03120, LOC_Os09g37600	GWAS	294份RDP1(Rice Diversity Panel 1)材料、Huhan 7A和Hanhui 3构建的312份RIL群体 294 RDP1(Rice Diversity Panel 1) materials, a RIL population with 312 individuals constructed using Huhan 7A and Hanhui 3	[99]
CYCU2;1(LOC_Os04g46660)	农杆菌转化法 Agrobacterium- transformation method	日本晴Nipponbare	[100]
OsMsc8	农杆菌转化法 Agrobacterium- transformation method	日本晴Nipponbare	[101]
LOC_Os03g50550	复合区间定位 Composite interval positioning (CIM)	SN265和LTH构建的144份RIL群体 RIL population with 144 individuals constructed with SN265 and LTH	[102]
Os01g0269800, Os01g0731100, Os08g0136700, Os08g0137800, Os08g0137900	GWAS	韩国农村发展管理局的137份水稻材料 137 rice materials from the Korea Rural Development Administration	[103]
LOC_Os02g17680, LOC_Os04g56950	混合线性模型 Mixed linear model	331份Trop群体(粳)、470份Indx群体(籼) Trop population with 331 individuals (japonica), Indx population with 470 individuals (indica)	[104]

基因名称 Gene name	方法 Method	材料 Material	参考文献 Reference
OsIAA18	基于DNA-Seq的BSA测序分析 DNA-Seq-based BSA sequencing analysis	鄂中4号(长中胚轴)和华航31(短中胚轴) 构建的F₂群体 F₂ population derived from E Zhong 4 (long mesocotyl) and Huahang 31(short mesocotyl)	[48]
OsML1, OsML2	GWAS	3K RGP(Rice Genome Project)中的621份栽培水稻材料 621 cultivated rice materials from the 3K RGP(Rice Genome Project)	[49]
Os01g0392100, Os04g0630000, Os01g0904700, Os01g0904700	GWAS	24份长中胚轴材料和28份短中胚轴材料(籼稻) 24 samples with long mesocotyl and 28 materials with short mesocotyl (indica rice)	[50]
SD1	图位克隆 Map cloning	T65(不耐深水品种)背景下C9285(深水品种) 的近等基因系(NIL) Near-isogenic lines of C9285(deep-water tolerance) in the background of T65(deep-water intolerance)	[59]
qME1	图位克隆 Map cloning	NIL-ME1(长中胚轴，在Nip背景下携带来自Kasalath的ME1位点染色体片段)作为亲本与日本晴杂交构建的839份F₂群体 NIL-ME1(long mesocotyl, carrying a ME1 locus from Kasalath in the Nipponbare background) was used as a parent to construct an F₂ population consisting of 839 individuals with Nipponbare	[59]
OsGSK2	GWAS	非洲栽培稻CG14为供体亲本，粳稻品种WYJ为循环亲本的CSSL系 CSSLs with African cultivated rice CG14 as the donor parent and japonica rice WYJ as the circulating parent	[61]
OsPAO₅	CRISPR/Cas9	日本晴 Nipponbare	[77]
LOC_Os07g24090.1	GWAS	3K种质资源中的165份材料 165 materials from 3K germplasm resources	[79]
OsGRF3	GWAS	170份水稻微核心种质、100份节水抗旱育种材料 170 rice microcore accessions and 100 rice water-saving and drought-resistant breeding materials	[86]
LOC_Os01g09100, LOC_Os07g03120, LOC_Os09g37600	GWAS	294份RDP1(Rice Diversity Panel 1)材料、Huhan 7A和Hanhui 3构建的312份RIL群体 294 RDP1(Rice Diversity Panel 1) materials, a RIL population with 312 individuals constructed using Huhan 7A and Hanhui 3	[99]
CYCU2;1(LOC_Os04g46660)	农杆菌转化法 Agrobacterium- transformation method	日本晴Nipponbare	[100]
OsMsc8	农杆菌转化法 Agrobacterium- transformation method	日本晴Nipponbare	[101]
LOC_Os03g50550	复合区间定位 Composite interval positioning (CIM)	SN265和LTH构建的144份RIL群体 RIL population with 144 individuals constructed with SN265 and LTH	[102]
Os01g0269800, Os01g0731100, Os08g0136700, Os08g0137800, Os08g0137900	GWAS	韩国农村发展管理局的137份水稻材料 137 rice materials from the Korea Rural Development Administration	[103]
LOC_Os02g17680, LOC_Os04g56950	混合线性模型 Mixed linear model	331份Trop群体(粳)、470份Indx群体(籼) Trop population with 331 individuals (japonica), Indx population with 470 individuals (indica)	[104]