水稻孕穗期耐冷调控的分子及生理机制研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.231208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻孕穗期低温胁迫会破坏生殖器官功能，使花药发育受损、花粉育性降低，最终导致水稻结实率下降、产量降低。部分生长调节物质，如可溶性糖、活性氧、植物内源激素（脱落酸和赤霉素）的含量都与水稻孕穗期耐冷性密切相关。本文系统总结了水稻孕穗期低温胁迫对水稻花药发育的影响，生长调节物质的变化，以及水稻孕穗期耐冷QTL和克隆的孕穗期耐冷基因的功能解析，以期为水稻孕穗期耐冷品种育种改良和材料创制提供理论指导。

关键词: 水稻, 耐冷性, 孕穗期, 数量性状基因座, 耐冷基因

Abstract:

Cold tolerance at the booting stage is crucial for the reproductive function of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as it affects anther development and can lead to a significant decrease in seed setting rate and overall yield. The levels of certain growth regulatory substances, such as sugars, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and plant endogenous hormones like abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), are closely related to cold tolerance during the booting stage of rice. In this review, we systematically summarize the effects of cold stress on anther development in rice at the booting stage, the changes in growth regulatory substances, and the functional analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and cold tolerance regulatory genes. This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the breeding and improvement of cold-tolerant rice varieties and the development of materials at the booting stage.

Key words: rice, cold tolerance, booting stage, quantitative trait locus, cold tolerance gene

随晶晶, 赵桂龙, 金欣, 卜庆云, 唐佳琦. 水稻孕穗期耐冷调控的分子及生理机制研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(1): 1-10.

SUI Jingjing, ZHAO Guilong, JIN Xin, BU Qingyun, TANG Jiaqi. Advances in Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms of Cold Tolerance Regulation of Rice at the Booting Stage[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(1): 1-10.

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QTL名称 QTL name	染色体 Chromosome	遗传功能验证 Genetic function verification	物理位置 Physical position (bp)	候选基因 Candidate gene	参考文献Reference
qCTB8	8	无 No	2900000―3100000	LOC_Os08g44340	[50]
qLTB3	3	无 No	33540013―34653353	LOC_Os03g57680 LOC_Os03g59200	[51]
qCT-3-2	3	无 No	1823958―2096096	无 No	[52]
qCTB10-2	10	无 No	4892513―8990159	LOC_Os10g11730 LOC_Os10g11770 LOC_Os10g11810	[53]
qCTB7	7	有 Yes	3866978―391073	LOC_Os07g07690	[57]

QTL名称 QTL name	染色体 Chromosome	遗传功能验证 Genetic function verification	物理位置 Physical position (bp)	候选基因 Candidate gene	参考文献Reference
qCTB8	8	无 No	2900000―3100000	LOC_Os08g44340	[50]
qLTB3	3	无 No	33540013―34653353	LOC_Os03g57680 LOC_Os03g59200	[51]
qCT-3-2	3	无 No	1823958―2096096	无 No	[52]
qCTB10-2	10	无 No	4892513―8990159	LOC_Os10g11730 LOC_Os10g11770 LOC_Os10g11810	[53]
qCTB7	7	有 Yes	3866978―391073	LOC_Os07g07690	[57]

基因名 Gene	基因登录号 Gene ID	优异功能位点 Excellent functional sites	克隆方式 Cloning method	参考文献 Reference
CTB1	LOC_Os04g52830	无 None	正向 Forward	[58]
APXa	LOC_Os03g17690	无 None	反向 Reverse	[38]
CTB4a	LOC_Os04g04330	SNP-2536(G> A) SNP-2511(C> T) SNP-1930(C> G)	正向 Forward	[59]
bZIP73	LOC_Os09g29820	SNP+511(G> A; Lys> Glu)	正向 Forward	[62]
LTT1	LOC_Os05g06660	无 None	正向 Forward	[63]
CTB2	LOC_Os04g04254	SNP+1222（G> A; Val> Ile）	正向 Forward	[60]
WRKY53	LOC_Os05g27730	无 None	反向 Reverse	[64]
MKKK70	LOC_Os01g50410	无 None	反向 Reverse	[65]
MAPK3	LOC_Os03g17700	SNP-1850(T> C) SNP-820(G> A) SNP-807(A> G)	正向 Forward	[61]
LEA9	LOC_Os01g21250	SNP-776(G> A)	正向 Forward	[61]
qCTB7	LOC_Os07g07690	SNP-1110(G> T) SNP-1074(G> A) SNP+4037(C> G; Pro> Arg)	正向 Forward	[57]
COG3	LOC_Os11g44680	SNP-793(C> A) SNP-663(A> G) SNP-379(-> G) SNP-63(G> A)	正向 Forward	[66]

基因名 Gene	基因登录号 Gene ID	优异功能位点 Excellent functional sites	克隆方式 Cloning method	参考文献 Reference
CTB1	LOC_Os04g52830	无 None	正向 Forward	[58]
APXa	LOC_Os03g17690	无 None	反向 Reverse	[38]
CTB4a	LOC_Os04g04330	SNP-2536(G> A) SNP-2511(C> T) SNP-1930(C> G)	正向 Forward	[59]
bZIP73	LOC_Os09g29820	SNP+511(G> A; Lys> Glu)	正向 Forward	[62]
LTT1	LOC_Os05g06660	无 None	正向 Forward	[63]
CTB2	LOC_Os04g04254	SNP+1222（G> A; Val> Ile）	正向 Forward	[60]
WRKY53	LOC_Os05g27730	无 None	反向 Reverse	[64]
MKKK70	LOC_Os01g50410	无 None	反向 Reverse	[65]
MAPK3	LOC_Os03g17700	SNP-1850(T> C) SNP-820(G> A) SNP-807(A> G)	正向 Forward	[61]
LEA9	LOC_Os01g21250	SNP-776(G> A)	正向 Forward	[61]
qCTB7	LOC_Os07g07690	SNP-1110(G> T) SNP-1074(G> A) SNP+4037(C> G; Pro> Arg)	正向 Forward	[57]
COG3	LOC_Os11g44680	SNP-793(C> A) SNP-663(A> G) SNP-379(-> G) SNP-63(G> A)	正向 Forward	[66]