半矮秆基因sd1调控水稻重要农艺性状的研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.231104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

半矮秆品种的培育和推广推动了水稻“绿色革命”。半矮秆基因sd1是参与赤霉素合成的关键基因。该位点的变异降低了株高，提高了收获指数，解决了在增施氮肥条件下高产与倒伏之间的矛盾。本文回顾了sd1基因的分离与功能解析，分析了sd1不同单体型间的重要农艺性状的差异，综述了sd1基因调控对包括生育期、株高、单株穗数、单株产量、抗倒伏、种子休眠和氮肥利用率等重要农艺性状的作用机理，讨论了sd1基因对水稻产量的影响和利用基因编辑技术创制sd1变异定向快速改良水稻品种，并对sd1基因的应用进行了展望。

关键词: 矮化育种, sd1, 水稻, 半矮秆

Abstract:

The cultivation and popularization of semi-dwarf varieties have promoted the “Green Revolution” of rice. The semi-dwarf gene sd1 in rice is a key gene responsible for gibberellin synthesis, which decreases plant height, increases harvest index. The application of sd1 addressed the problem of high yield and lodging under conditions of increased nitrogen fertilizer application. In this paper, the isolation and functional analysis of the sd1 gene were reviewed, the differences in important agronomic traits among different haplotypes of sd1 were analyzed, and the mechanisms by which the sd1 gene regulated key agronomic traits such as growth period, plant height, number of panicles per plant, yield per plant, lodging resistance, seed dormancy, and nitrogen use efficiency were reviewed. The effect of the sd1 gene on rice yield was discussed, along with the application of gene editing technology to generate sd1 mutations for the rapid improvement of rice varieties. Moreover, the potential application of the sd1 gene was anticipated.

Key words: dwarfing breeding, sd1, Oryza sativa, semi-dwarf

张丰勇, 应晓平, 张健, 杨隆维, 应杰政. 半矮秆基因sd1调控水稻重要农艺性状的研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(1): 24-32.

ZHANG Fengyong, YING Xiaoping, ZHANG Jian, YANG Longwei, YING Jiezheng. Progress in Regulation of Important Agronomic Traits by Semi-Dwarf Gene sd1 in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(1): 24-32.

图/表 3

图1 sd1基因调控水稻重要农艺性状的作用机理

Fig. 1. Functional mechanisms of sd1 gene regulating important agronomic traits in rice

表1 RFGP基因型数据库中SD1基因的单倍型

Table 1. Haplotype of the SD1 gene in RFGP data

单倍型 Haplotype	SNP1 (38382762)	SNP2 (38382764)	SNP3 (38383144)	SNP4 (38383221)	SNP5 (38385057)	SNP6 (38385199)	Aus	Bas	XI	GJ	Admix	合计Total
Hap_1(NIP)	C	A	T	C	A	G	1	33	27	522	18	601
Hap_2	C	G	T	T	G	G	33	0	585	0	15	633
Hap_3	C	G	T	C	G	G	80	1	121	0	7	209
Hap_4	C	G	T	C	G	A	0	0	117	0	1	118
Hap_5	-	-	-	T	G	G	0	0	78	8	3	89
Hap_6	C	G	T	T	G	G	2	0	71	0	3	76

图2 SD1基因不同单倍型间株高、穗长、抽穗期、粒长、粒宽和千粒重的农艺性状比较柱上标相同字母者表示差异未达0.05显著水平。

Fig. 2. Comparison of agronomic traits among different haplotypes of SD1 gene including plant height, panicle length, days to heading, grain length, grain width, and thousand-grain weight The same letter on the column indicates that difference between the haplotypes was not significant at the 0.05 level.

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