中国水稻科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 513-518.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.210107
• 研究报告 • 上一篇
李艳大*(), 叶春, 曹中盛, 孙滨峰, 舒时富, 陈立才
收稿日期:
2021-01-11
修回日期:
2021-04-03
出版日期:
2021-09-10
发布日期:
2021-09-10
通讯作者:
李艳大
基金资助:
Yanda LI*(), Chun YE, Zhongsheng CAO, Binfeng SUN, Shifu SHU, Licai CHEN
Received:
2021-01-11
Revised:
2021-04-03
Online:
2021-09-10
Published:
2021-09-10
Contact:
Yanda LI
摘要:
【目的】旨在阐明无人机和人工喷施雾滴在水稻冠层内沉积分布特征,比较其稻瘟病防效、水稻产量及经济效益。【方法】选用电动四旋翼植保无人机,设置3个不同飞行高度和3个不同施药量,于孕穗期观测喷施雾滴在水稻冠层内沉积分布状况,并和人工喷施处理防治稻瘟病的效果、产量及经济效益进行比较。【结果】雾滴沉积量随飞行高度的升高而减少,雾滴沉积均匀性和穿透性随飞行高度的升高而增大。无人机和人工喷施的雾滴沉积量、均匀性和穿透性随施药量的增加而增大,雾滴沉积量和均匀性均呈水稻冠层上部>中部>下部的分布特征。无人机喷施的雾滴均匀性和穿透性大于人工喷施。无人机喷施在防效和产量不降低的情况下,用工成本减少165元/hm2,净收益提高164元/hm2,产投比提高20.9。【结论】与人工喷施相比,无人机喷施可在保证丰产的基础上,提高作业效率,降低生产成本,获得更高经济效益,在水稻精确管理和丰产高效栽培中具有应用价值。
李艳大, 叶春, 曹中盛, 孙滨峰, 舒时富, 陈立才. 无人机与人工喷施雾滴在水稻冠层内沉积特征及效益比较[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(5): 513-518.
Yanda LI, Chun YE, Zhongsheng CAO, Binfeng SUN, Shifu SHU, Licai CHEN. Comparison of Droplet Deposition Characteristics in Rice Canopy and Benefit Between Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Spray and Artificial Spray[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(5): 513-518.
喷施方式 Spraying way | 飞行高度 Flying height / m | 施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm-2) | 雾滴沉积量 Deposition amount of droplet / (µL·cm-2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
冠层下部 Basal canopy | 冠层中部 Middle canopy | 冠层上部 Upper canopy | |||||
无人机 | 1.5 | 140 | 0.0921 b | 0.1423 c | 0.2480 b | ||
Unmanned aerial vehicle | 180 | 0.1335 a | 0.1635 b | 0.3225 a | |||
220 | 0.1424 a | 0.1862 a | 0.3409 a | ||||
2.0 | 140 | 0.0545 c | 0.1097 b | 0.1616 c | |||
180 | 0.0973 b | 0.1622 a | 0.2695 b | ||||
220 | 0.1306 a | 0.1661 a | 0.3072 a | ||||
2.5 | 140 | 0.0347 c | 0.0650 c | 0.0991 c | |||
180 | 0.0670 b | 0.1270 b | 0.1898 b | ||||
220 | 0.1102 a | 0.1464 a | 0.2609 a | ||||
人工Artificial | 140 | 1.3133 b | 5.9077 b | 12.0489 b | |||
180 | 1.6386 a | 6.2308 b | 13.3876 b | ||||
220 | 1.8317 a | 6.8254 a | 14.0021 a | ||||
平均Mean | 无人机Unmanned aerial vehicle | 0.0958 b | 0.1409 b | 0.2444 b | |||
人工Artificial | 1.5945 a | 6.3213 a | 13.1462 a |
表1 不同喷施方式的雾滴沉积量分布特征
Table 1 Distribution characteristic of deposition amount of droplets under different spraying ways.
喷施方式 Spraying way | 飞行高度 Flying height / m | 施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm-2) | 雾滴沉积量 Deposition amount of droplet / (µL·cm-2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
冠层下部 Basal canopy | 冠层中部 Middle canopy | 冠层上部 Upper canopy | |||||
无人机 | 1.5 | 140 | 0.0921 b | 0.1423 c | 0.2480 b | ||
Unmanned aerial vehicle | 180 | 0.1335 a | 0.1635 b | 0.3225 a | |||
220 | 0.1424 a | 0.1862 a | 0.3409 a | ||||
2.0 | 140 | 0.0545 c | 0.1097 b | 0.1616 c | |||
180 | 0.0973 b | 0.1622 a | 0.2695 b | ||||
220 | 0.1306 a | 0.1661 a | 0.3072 a | ||||
2.5 | 140 | 0.0347 c | 0.0650 c | 0.0991 c | |||
180 | 0.0670 b | 0.1270 b | 0.1898 b | ||||
220 | 0.1102 a | 0.1464 a | 0.2609 a | ||||
人工Artificial | 140 | 1.3133 b | 5.9077 b | 12.0489 b | |||
180 | 1.6386 a | 6.2308 b | 13.3876 b | ||||
220 | 1.8317 a | 6.8254 a | 14.0021 a | ||||
平均Mean | 无人机Unmanned aerial vehicle | 0.0958 b | 0.1409 b | 0.2444 b | |||
人工Artificial | 1.5945 a | 6.3213 a | 13.1462 a |
喷施方式 Spraying way | 飞行高度 Flying height/m | 施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm-2) | 均匀性 Uniformity / % | 穿透性 Penetrability / % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
冠层下部 Basal canopy | 冠层中部 Middle canopy | 冠层上部 Upper canopy | ||||||
无人机 Unmanned aerial vehicle | 1.5 | 140 | 16.72 a | 10.40 a | 10.07 a | 49.49 a | ||
180 | 12.89 b | 10.32 a | 9.88 a | 49.19 a | ||||
220 | 10.92 b | 9.84 b | 9.41 b | 46.72 b | ||||
2.0 | 140 | 12.48 a | 10.19 a | 9.05 a | 49.33 a | |||
180 | 10.70 b | 9.86 b | 6.15 b | 49.31 a | ||||
220 | 10.63 b | 9.43 c | 6.04 b | 46.41 b | ||||
2.5 | 140 | 10.75 a | 9.68 a | 5.93 a | 48.65 a | |||
180 | 9.71 a | 9.28 a | 5.45 b | 47.99 a | ||||
220 | 6.20 b | 6.05 b | 5.27 c | 45.62 b | ||||
人工 Artificial | 140 | 42.96 a | 24.84 a | 13.90 a | 83.86 a | |||
180 | 35.22 b | 19.53 b | 12.65 b | 83.56 a | ||||
220 | 34.31 b | 16.43 c | 11.57 b | 81.00 b | ||||
平均Mean | 无人机 Unmanned aerial vehicle | 11.22 b | 9.45 b | 7.47 b | 48.08 b | |||
人工Artificial | 37.49 a | 20.27 a | 12.70 a | 82.81 a |
表2 不同喷施方式的雾滴均匀性与穿透性分布特征
Table 2 Distribution characteristics of uniformity and penetration of droplets under different spraying ways.
喷施方式 Spraying way | 飞行高度 Flying height/m | 施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm-2) | 均匀性 Uniformity / % | 穿透性 Penetrability / % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
冠层下部 Basal canopy | 冠层中部 Middle canopy | 冠层上部 Upper canopy | ||||||
无人机 Unmanned aerial vehicle | 1.5 | 140 | 16.72 a | 10.40 a | 10.07 a | 49.49 a | ||
180 | 12.89 b | 10.32 a | 9.88 a | 49.19 a | ||||
220 | 10.92 b | 9.84 b | 9.41 b | 46.72 b | ||||
2.0 | 140 | 12.48 a | 10.19 a | 9.05 a | 49.33 a | |||
180 | 10.70 b | 9.86 b | 6.15 b | 49.31 a | ||||
220 | 10.63 b | 9.43 c | 6.04 b | 46.41 b | ||||
2.5 | 140 | 10.75 a | 9.68 a | 5.93 a | 48.65 a | |||
180 | 9.71 a | 9.28 a | 5.45 b | 47.99 a | ||||
220 | 6.20 b | 6.05 b | 5.27 c | 45.62 b | ||||
人工 Artificial | 140 | 42.96 a | 24.84 a | 13.90 a | 83.86 a | |||
180 | 35.22 b | 19.53 b | 12.65 b | 83.56 a | ||||
220 | 34.31 b | 16.43 c | 11.57 b | 81.00 b | ||||
平均Mean | 无人机 Unmanned aerial vehicle | 11.22 b | 9.45 b | 7.47 b | 48.08 b | |||
人工Artificial | 37.49 a | 20.27 a | 12.70 a | 82.81 a |
施药量 Pesticide dosage /(g·hm-2) | 喷施方式 Spraying way | 防治效果 Control efficacy/% | 稻谷产量 Grain yield /(kg·hm-2) | 用药成本 Pesticide /(Yuan·hm-2) | 用工成本 Labor cost /(Yuan·hm-2) | 稻谷收益 Output /(Yuan·hm-2) | 净收益 Net income /(Yuan·hm-2) | 产投比 Output-input ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
140 | 无人机S1 | 56.82 a | 8130.96 a | 154 a | 135 b | 20 327 a | 20 038 a | 70.3 a |
人工S2 | 57.59 a | 8130.43 a | 154 a | 300 a | 20 326 a | 19 872 b | 44.8 b | |
180 | 无人机S1 | 66.52 a | 8210.45 a | 198 a | 135 b | 20 526 a | 20 193 a | 61.6 a |
人工S2 | 67.21 a | 8212.58 a | 198 a | 300 a | 20 531 a | 20 033 b | 41.2 b | |
220 | 无人机S1 | 86.44 a | 8279.13 a | 242 a | 135 b | 20 698 a | 20 321 a | 54.9 a |
人工S2 | 86.72 a | 8279.13 a | 242 a | 300 a | 20 698 a | 20 156 b | 38.2 b | |
平均Mean | 无人机S1 | 69.93 a | 8206.85 a | 198 a | 135 b | 20 517 a | 20 184 a | 62.3 a |
人工S2 | 70.51 a | 8207.38 a | 198 a | 300 a | 20 518 a | 20 020 b | 41.4 b |
表3 不同喷施方式的防治效果、产量及经济效益比较
Table 3 Comparison of the control efficacy, grain yield and economic benefit under different spraying ways.
施药量 Pesticide dosage /(g·hm-2) | 喷施方式 Spraying way | 防治效果 Control efficacy/% | 稻谷产量 Grain yield /(kg·hm-2) | 用药成本 Pesticide /(Yuan·hm-2) | 用工成本 Labor cost /(Yuan·hm-2) | 稻谷收益 Output /(Yuan·hm-2) | 净收益 Net income /(Yuan·hm-2) | 产投比 Output-input ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
140 | 无人机S1 | 56.82 a | 8130.96 a | 154 a | 135 b | 20 327 a | 20 038 a | 70.3 a |
人工S2 | 57.59 a | 8130.43 a | 154 a | 300 a | 20 326 a | 19 872 b | 44.8 b | |
180 | 无人机S1 | 66.52 a | 8210.45 a | 198 a | 135 b | 20 526 a | 20 193 a | 61.6 a |
人工S2 | 67.21 a | 8212.58 a | 198 a | 300 a | 20 531 a | 20 033 b | 41.2 b | |
220 | 无人机S1 | 86.44 a | 8279.13 a | 242 a | 135 b | 20 698 a | 20 321 a | 54.9 a |
人工S2 | 86.72 a | 8279.13 a | 242 a | 300 a | 20 698 a | 20 156 b | 38.2 b | |
平均Mean | 无人机S1 | 69.93 a | 8206.85 a | 198 a | 135 b | 20 517 a | 20 184 a | 62.3 a |
人工S2 | 70.51 a | 8207.38 a | 198 a | 300 a | 20 518 a | 20 020 b | 41.4 b |
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