无人机与人工喷施雾滴在水稻冠层内沉积特征及效益比较

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.210107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】旨在阐明无人机和人工喷施雾滴在水稻冠层内沉积分布特征,比较其稻瘟病防效、水稻产量及经济效益。【方法】选用电动四旋翼植保无人机,设置3个不同飞行高度和3个不同施药量,于孕穗期观测喷施雾滴在水稻冠层内沉积分布状况,并和人工喷施处理防治稻瘟病的效果、产量及经济效益进行比较。【结果】雾滴沉积量随飞行高度的升高而减少,雾滴沉积均匀性和穿透性随飞行高度的升高而增大。无人机和人工喷施的雾滴沉积量、均匀性和穿透性随施药量的增加而增大,雾滴沉积量和均匀性均呈水稻冠层上部>中部>下部的分布特征。无人机喷施的雾滴均匀性和穿透性大于人工喷施。无人机喷施在防效和产量不降低的情况下,用工成本减少165元/hm²,净收益提高164元/hm²,产投比提高20.9。【结论】与人工喷施相比,无人机喷施可在保证丰产的基础上,提高作业效率,降低生产成本,获得更高经济效益,在水稻精确管理和丰产高效栽培中具有应用价值。

关键词: 水稻, 无人机喷施, 人工喷施, 雾滴, 沉积特征, 效益

Abstract:

【Objective】 The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the characteristics of droplet deposition and distribution by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spray and artificial spray in rice canopy, and the control efficacy, grain yield and economic benefit were compared between UAV spray and artificial spray. 【Method】 The electricity-driven four-rotor UAV was selected and three flying heights and three pesticide dosages were set. The droplet deposition and distribution in rice canopy was measured at booting stage with UAV. Then the controlling efficacy of rice blast, grain yield and economic benefit were compared with those of artificial spray treatment. 【Results】 The results showed that the deposition amount of droplet was decreased with increasing flying height. The uniformity and penetrability of droplets were improved with increasing flying height. The deposition amount, uniformity and penetrability of droplets were improved with increasing pesticide dosage by UAV spray and artificial spray. The uniformity and penetrability of droplets were greater in upper canopy than in middle and basal canopy at the same flying height. The uniformity and penetrability of droplets by UAV spray were greater than those by artificial spray. The UAV spray obtained equivalent grain yield and control efficacy with the labor cost reduced by 165 Yuan/hm², while net income and yield-cost ratio was improved by 164 Yuan/hm² and 20.9, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the artificial spray, the UAV spray can raise working efficiency, reduce production cost and higher economic benefits are also achieved on the premise of grain yield, which has a potential to be widely applied for precise management and high yield and high efficiency cultivation in rice production.

Key words: rice, UAV spray, artificial spray, droplet, deposition characteristic, benefit

李艳大, 叶春, 曹中盛, 孙滨峰, 舒时富, 陈立才. 无人机与人工喷施雾滴在水稻冠层内沉积特征及效益比较[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(5): 513-518.

Yanda LI, Chun YE, Zhongsheng CAO, Binfeng SUN, Shifu SHU, Licai CHEN. Comparison of Droplet Deposition Characteristics in Rice Canopy and Benefit Between Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Spray and Artificial Spray[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(5): 513-518.

图/表 4

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喷施方式 Spraying way			飞行高度 Flying height / m	施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm^-2)	雾滴沉积量 Deposition amount of droplet / (µL·cm^-2)
喷施方式 Spraying way			飞行高度 Flying height / m	施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm^-2)	冠层下部 Basal canopy	冠层中部 Middle canopy	冠层上部 Upper canopy
无人机			1.5	140	0.0921 b	0.1423 c	0.2480 b
Unmanned aerial vehicle				180	0.1335 a	0.1635 b	0.3225 a
				220	0.1424 a	0.1862 a	0.3409 a
			2.0	140	0.0545 c	0.1097 b	0.1616 c
				180	0.0973 b	0.1622 a	0.2695 b
				220	0.1306 a	0.1661 a	0.3072 a
			2.5	140	0.0347 c	0.0650 c	0.0991 c
				180	0.0670 b	0.1270 b	0.1898 b
				220	0.1102 a	0.1464 a	0.2609 a
人工Artificial				140	1.3133 b	5.9077 b	12.0489 b
				180	1.6386 a	6.2308 b	13.3876 b
				220	1.8317 a	6.8254 a	14.0021 a
平均Mean		无人机Unmanned aerial vehicle			0.0958 b	0.1409 b	0.2444 b
	人工Artificial				1.5945 a	6.3213 a	13.1462 a

喷施方式 Spraying way			飞行高度 Flying height / m	施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm^-2)	雾滴沉积量 Deposition amount of droplet / (µL·cm^-2)
喷施方式 Spraying way			飞行高度 Flying height / m	施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm^-2)	冠层下部 Basal canopy	冠层中部 Middle canopy	冠层上部 Upper canopy
无人机			1.5	140	0.0921 b	0.1423 c	0.2480 b
Unmanned aerial vehicle				180	0.1335 a	0.1635 b	0.3225 a
				220	0.1424 a	0.1862 a	0.3409 a
			2.0	140	0.0545 c	0.1097 b	0.1616 c
				180	0.0973 b	0.1622 a	0.2695 b
				220	0.1306 a	0.1661 a	0.3072 a
			2.5	140	0.0347 c	0.0650 c	0.0991 c
				180	0.0670 b	0.1270 b	0.1898 b
				220	0.1102 a	0.1464 a	0.2609 a
人工Artificial				140	1.3133 b	5.9077 b	12.0489 b
				180	1.6386 a	6.2308 b	13.3876 b
				220	1.8317 a	6.8254 a	14.0021 a
平均Mean		无人机Unmanned aerial vehicle			0.0958 b	0.1409 b	0.2444 b
	人工Artificial				1.5945 a	6.3213 a	13.1462 a

喷施方式 Spraying way		飞行高度 Flying height/m	施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm^-2)		均匀性 Uniformity / %			穿透性 Penetrability / %
喷施方式 Spraying way		飞行高度 Flying height/m	施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm^-2)		冠层下部 Basal canopy	冠层中部 Middle canopy	冠层上部 Upper canopy	穿透性 Penetrability / %
无人机 Unmanned aerial vehicle		1.5	140		16.72 a	10.40 a	10.07 a	49.49 a
			180		12.89 b	10.32 a	9.88 a	49.19 a
			220		10.92 b	9.84 b	9.41 b	46.72 b
		2.0	140		12.48 a	10.19 a	9.05 a	49.33 a
			180		10.70 b	9.86 b	6.15 b	49.31 a
			220		10.63 b	9.43 c	6.04 b	46.41 b
		2.5	140		10.75 a	9.68 a	5.93 a	48.65 a
			180		9.71 a	9.28 a	5.45 b	47.99 a
			220		6.20 b	6.05 b	5.27 c	45.62 b
人工 Artificial			140		42.96 a	24.84 a	13.90 a	83.86 a
人工 Artificial			180		35.22 b	19.53 b	12.65 b	83.56 a
			220		34.31 b	16.43 c	11.57 b	81.00 b
平均Mean	无人机 Unmanned aerial vehicle			11.22 b		9.45 b	7.47 b	48.08 b
	人工Artificial			37.49 a		20.27 a	12.70 a	82.81 a

喷施方式 Spraying way		飞行高度 Flying height/m	施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm^-2)		均匀性 Uniformity / %			穿透性 Penetrability / %
喷施方式 Spraying way		飞行高度 Flying height/m	施药量 Pesticide dosage / (g·hm^-2)		冠层下部 Basal canopy	冠层中部 Middle canopy	冠层上部 Upper canopy	穿透性 Penetrability / %
无人机 Unmanned aerial vehicle		1.5	140		16.72 a	10.40 a	10.07 a	49.49 a
			180		12.89 b	10.32 a	9.88 a	49.19 a
			220		10.92 b	9.84 b	9.41 b	46.72 b
		2.0	140		12.48 a	10.19 a	9.05 a	49.33 a
			180		10.70 b	9.86 b	6.15 b	49.31 a
			220		10.63 b	9.43 c	6.04 b	46.41 b
		2.5	140		10.75 a	9.68 a	5.93 a	48.65 a
			180		9.71 a	9.28 a	5.45 b	47.99 a
			220		6.20 b	6.05 b	5.27 c	45.62 b
人工 Artificial			140		42.96 a	24.84 a	13.90 a	83.86 a
人工 Artificial			180		35.22 b	19.53 b	12.65 b	83.56 a
			220		34.31 b	16.43 c	11.57 b	81.00 b
平均Mean	无人机 Unmanned aerial vehicle			11.22 b		9.45 b	7.47 b	48.08 b
	人工Artificial			37.49 a		20.27 a	12.70 a	82.81 a

施药量 Pesticide dosage /(g·hm^-2)	喷施方式 Spraying way	防治效果 Control efficacy/%	稻谷产量 Grain yield /(kg·hm^-2)	用药成本 Pesticide /(Yuan·hm^-2)	用工成本 Labor cost /(Yuan·hm^-2)	稻谷收益 Output /(Yuan·hm^-2)	净收益 Net income /(Yuan·hm^-2)	产投比 Output-input ratio
140	无人机S1	56.82 a	8130.96 a	154 a	135 b	20 327 a	20 038 a	70.3 a
	人工S2	57.59 a	8130.43 a	154 a	300 a	20 326 a	19 872 b	44.8 b
180	无人机S1	66.52 a	8210.45 a	198 a	135 b	20 526 a	20 193 a	61.6 a
	人工S2	67.21 a	8212.58 a	198 a	300 a	20 531 a	20 033 b	41.2 b
220	无人机S1	86.44 a	8279.13 a	242 a	135 b	20 698 a	20 321 a	54.9 a
	人工S2	86.72 a	8279.13 a	242 a	300 a	20 698 a	20 156 b	38.2 b
平均Mean	无人机S1	69.93 a	8206.85 a	198 a	135 b	20 517 a	20 184 a	62.3 a
	人工S2	70.51 a	8207.38 a	198 a	300 a	20 518 a	20 020 b	41.4 b