2,4-表油菜素内酯对生物炭基质育秧水稻秧苗根系生长及生理特性的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240503

中国水稻科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 685-694.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240503

2,4-表油菜素内酯对生物炭基质育秧水稻秧苗根系生长及生理特性的影响

毋翔¹^,², 张义凯²^,^*(), 张鹏², 马昕伶², 陈玉林², 陈惠哲², 张玉屏², 向镜², 王亚梁², 王志刚², 李良涛¹^,^*()

¹河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院，河北邯郸 056038
²中国水稻研究所，杭州 311401

收稿日期:2024-05-06 修回日期:2024-05-31 出版日期:2024-11-10 发布日期:2024-11-15
通讯作者: 张义凯,李良涛
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFD2301601-2);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD1500404);浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2022C02008);浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2023C02004);浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2022C02034);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-22);浙江省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目(水稻宽窄行高速插秧机技术装备研发与示范)

Effects of 2,4-Epibrassinolide on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings Raised in Biochar Substrate

WU Xiang¹^,², ZHANG Yikai²^,^*(), ZHANG Peng², MA Xinling², CHEN Yulin², CHEN Huizhe², ZHANG Yuping², XIANG Jing², WANG Yaliang², WANG Zhigang², LI Liangtao¹^,^*()

¹School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
²China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China

Received:2024-05-06 Revised:2024-05-31 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-11-15
Contact: ZHANG Yikai, LI Liangtao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】水稻秧苗良好的根系盘结力，利于提高机插效率和质量。探明2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide, EBR)在稻草生物炭育秧基质中对水稻根系生长的影响及作用机制具有重要意义。【方法】采用以300℃下制备的稻草生物炭为主的育秧基质，以甬优538为试验材料，分析了不同浓度EBR(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/kg)对生物炭基质育秧水稻秧苗根系生长及生理特性的影响。【结果】在生物炭基质中加入EBR后水稻秧苗的根系盘结力增强了4.13%~22.46%，根系活力提高了0.93~1.65倍，根冠比增加了2.20%~14.10%，极大促进根系的生长。基质中添加EBR显著提高水稻秧苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化保护酶的活性，降低丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的含量，增加秧苗的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。施用EBR后水稻根系和叶片中OsCu/Zn-SOD1和OsCu/Zn-SOD2、OsCAT1和OsCAT2四个基因的表达水平显著高于对照。【结论】生物炭育秧基质中增施EBR能够提高水稻秧苗抗氧化系统酶活性和相关基因表达，降低植株内MDA和H₂O₂的含量，改善水稻秧苗根系的生长和盘结能力，促进健壮秧苗的形成。基施EBR最适宜的浓度为1.0~1.5 mg/kg。

关键词: 生物炭基质, 水稻, 根系, 2,4-表油菜素内酯, 抗氧化酶, 基因表达

Abstract:

【Objective】The improved knotting ability of roots enhances the efficiency and quality of mechanical transplanting. This study investigates the effects and mechanisms of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) on rice root growth in rice straw biochar substrate.【Method】The effects of different concentrations of EBR on the root growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings grown in biochar substrate prepared at 300°C were studied using Yongyou 538 as the experimental material.【Result】When EBR was added to the biochar substrate, the root cohesion of rice seedlings increased by 4.13% to 22.46%, and root activity increased by 0.93 to 1.65 times, which improved the stress resistance of rice and promoted root growth. The addition of EBR to the substrate significantly increased the activities of antioxidant protective enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in rice seedlings. It also decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), while increasing the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the seedlings. The expression levels of OsCu/Zn-SOD1, OsCu/Zn-SOD2, OsCAT1, and OsCAT2 genes in the roots and leaves of rice treated with EBR were significantly higher than those in the control group.【Conclusion】When the concentration of EBR was between 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg in the biochar substrate, root growth of rice seedlings was promoted, enzyme activities of the antioxidant system were enhanced, and the expression of related genes in the seedlings was improved. Additionally, the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ in the plants were reduced, leading to improved root growth and knotting ability of rice seedlings, thereby promoting the formation of healthy seedlings.

Key words: biochar substrate, rice, roots, 2, 4-epibrassinolide, antioxidant enzymes, gene expression

毋翔, 张义凯, 张鹏, 马昕伶, 陈玉林, 陈惠哲, 张玉屏, 向镜, 王亚梁, 王志刚, 李良涛. 2,4-表油菜素内酯对生物炭基质育秧水稻秧苗根系生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(6): 685-694.

WU Xiang, ZHANG Yikai, ZHANG Peng, MA Xinling, CHEN Yulin, CHEN Huizhe, ZHANG Yuping, XIANG Jing, WANG Yaliang, WANG Zhigang, LI Liangtao. Effects of 2,4-Epibrassinolide on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings Raised in Biochar Substrate[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(6): 685-694.

图/表 9

表1 本研究所用引物序列

Table 1. Primer sequences used in the study

基因 Gene	正向引物 Forward sequence (5'-3')	反向引物 Reverse sequence (5'-3')
Actin	TTATGGTTGGGATGGGACA	AGCACGGCTTGAATAGCG
OsCATB	GGCAAGATCGTTTTCTCCAG	TGGTTTCAGGTTGAGACGTG
OsCATC	AGAAGGTGGTGATTGCCAAG	CAGATGCTCCTGATCTCGTG
OsAPX1	CCAAGGGTTCTGACCACCTA	CAAGGTCCCTCAAAACCAGA
OsAPX2	AAGTGACAAAGCCCTCATGG	TCCTCAGCAAATCCCAGTTC
OsCu/Zn SOD1	TGTCCAAGAGGGAGATGGTC	ATCTTCTGGTGCTCCATGCT
OsCu/Zn SOD2	ACAGCCAGATCCCCCTTACT	TACGAGCGAACATGAACAGC

图1 不同浓度2,4-表油菜素内酯对水稻根系生长的影响 CK, EBR0.5, EBR1.0, EBR1.5, EBR2.0分别表示EBR浓度分别为0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/kg。下同。

Fig.1. Effects of different concentrations of 2,4-brassinolide on root growth of rice CK, EBR0.5, EBR1.0, EBR1.5, EBR2.0 refer to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/kg EBR exposure, respectively. The same below.

图2 不同浓度2,4-表油菜素内酯对水稻秧苗根系抗氧化保护酶活性的影响

Fig. 2. Effects of various concentrations of 2,4-epibrassinolide on activities of antioxidant protective enzymes in the roots of rice seedlings

表2 不同浓度2,4-表油菜素内酯对水稻秧苗生物量及形态的影响

Table 2. Effects of different concentrations of 2,4-epibrassinolide on biomass and morphology of rice seedlings

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height(cm)	百株地下部干质量 Root dry weigh per 100 plants(g)	百株地上部干质量 Shoot dry weigh per 100 plants(g)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
CK	12.4±0.6 b	0.20±0.01 c	0.90±0.03 b	0.23±0.01 b
EBR0.5	13.7±0.3 a	0.23±0.01 b	0.97±0.03 ab	0.24±0.02 b
EBR1.0	13.0±0.4 a	0.23±0.01 b	0.93±0.07 ab	0.25±0.01 ab
EBR1.5	13.8±0.6 a	0.26±0.01 a	0.99±0.01 a	0.26±0.01 a
EBR2.0	13.0±0.5 ab	0.21±0.01 c	0.91±0.04 b	0.23±0.02 b

图3 不同浓度2,4-表油菜素内酯对水稻秧苗叶片抗氧化保护酶的影响

Fig. 3. Effects of various concentrations of 2,4-ebrassinolide on activities of antioxidant protective enzymes in rice seedling leaves

表3 不同浓度2,4-表油菜素内酯对水稻体内丙二醛和过氧化氢含量的影响

Table 3. Effects of various concentrations of 2,4-brassinolide on the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in rice

处理 Treatment	根系丙二醛含量 MDA content(nmol/g)	根系过氧化氢含量 H₂O₂ content(μmol/g)	叶片丙二醛含量 MDA content(nmol/g)	叶片过氧化氢含量 H₂O₂ content(μmol/g)
CK	9.31±0.10 a	8.39±0.16 a	14.81±0.48 a	18.94±0.25 a
EBR 0.5	8.12±0.02 c	0.91±0.11 d	14.62±0.18 a	13.09±0.22 b
EBR1.0	7.26±0.16 d	1.29±0.14 c	13.89±0.58 ab	13.57±0.43 b
EBR1.5	9.04±0.25 b	1.36±0.15 c	12.22±0.45 c	11.22±0.55 c
EBR2.0	9.24±0.11 ab	1.55±0.11 b	13.51±0.51 b	18.54±0.57 a

表4 不同浓度2,4-表油菜素内酯对水稻体内可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响

Table 4. Effects of different concentrations of 2,4-ebrassinolide on the contents of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in rice

处理 Treatment	根系可溶性糖含量 Root soluble sugar content (mg/g)	根系可溶性蛋白含量 Root soluble protein content (mg/g)	叶片可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content in leaves (mg/g)	叶片可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content in leaves (mg/g)
CK	2.77±0.08 c	2.09±0.01 d	12.47±0.44 c	18.04±1.26 d
EBR 0.5	3.32±0.19 ab	2.61±0.12 c	15.32±0.12 a	20.20±0.49 bc
EBR1.0	2.78±0.06 c	2.35±0.06 cd	13.24±0.70 b	18.64±0.28 cd
EBR1.5	3.10±0.03 bc	3.03±0.19 b	13.47±0.50 b	21.63±0.72 b
EBR2.0	3.37±0.31 a	3.32±0.16 a	15.14±0.61 a	24.83±0.45 a

图4 不同浓度2,4-表油菜素内酯对秧苗根系抗氧化酶基因表达的影响

Fig. 4. Effects of various concentrations of 2,4-ebrassinolide on the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in rice seedling roots

图5 不同浓度2,4-表油菜素内酯对秧苗叶片抗氧化酶基因表达的影响

Fig. 5. Effects of concentrations of 2,4-ebrassinolide on the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in rice seedling leaves

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2,4-表油菜素内酯对生物炭基质育秧水稻秧苗根系生长及生理特性的影响

Effects of 2,4-Epibrassinolide on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings Raised in Biochar Substrate

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