不同肥料施用与稻米品质关系的整合分析

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220807

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】科学施肥是提高稻米品质的有效手段之一，整合不同养分与稻米品质的关系，为改善稻米品质提供理论依据。【方法】以氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、锌、铁、硅、水稻和品质为主要关键词，在“中国知网”和“Web of Science”检索2001年至2021年公开发表的文献，共筛选出符合分析标准的文献94篇、共计数据4277组。将文献中的稻米品质分为营养品质、蒸煮食味品质、外观品质和加工品质，以不施某养分肥料处理为对照，应用Meta分析方法整合分析不同养分施用对稻米品质指标的影响。【结果】与不施某养分肥料肥理相比，施用氮、钾、铁肥可以提高水稻的蛋白质含量，平均增幅分别为17.03%、6.10%、5.61%；施用锌肥和铁肥分别提高稻米的锌含量（28.20%）和铁含量（21.81%），均有利于改善稻米的营养品质。施用氮肥降低稻米的胶稠度（3.33%）、直链淀粉含量（6.01%）、峰值黏度（8.05%）和崩解值（9.98%），不利于稻米蒸煮食味品质的提高。施用钾、镁、硫、硅肥均可降低稻米的垩白粒率，平均降幅分别为15.09%、6.50%、24.07%、23.22%，同时，钾、锌、硅肥的施用可以降低稻米的垩白度，有助于改善外观品质。对于加工品质指标，施用氮、钾、锌肥均可以显著提高稻米的整精米率，平均增幅分别为10.29%、2.92%、3.76%，有利于加工品质提高。【结论】不同养分的施用对稻米的营养、蒸煮食味、外观、加工品质均有一定的影响，但其影响的品质指标不同。在实际生产中应根据目标品质需求协调不同养分对稻米品质的影响，以达到稻米品质最优化。

关键词: 养分, 水稻, 品质, Meta分析

Abstract:

【Objective】Scientific fertilization is one of the most effective means to improve rice quality, and the relationship between different nutrients and rice quality is integrated to provide a theoretical basis for rice quality improvement.【Method】N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Fe, Si, rice, and quality were used as the main keywords to search the publications on "China National Knowledge Infrastructure" and "Web of Science" from 2001 to 2021. A total of 94 articles and 4277 data sets were selected to meet the analysis criteria. The nutritional quality, cooking and eating quality, appearance quality, and milling quality of rice in the publications were categorized, and the effect of different nutrient applications on rice quality indicators was integrated and analyzed by meta-analysis.【Result】Compared with without fertilization, the application of nitrogen, potassium, and iron fertilizer could improve the protein content of rice grain by an average of 17.03%, 6.10%, and 5.61%, respectively, and the application of zinc and iron fertilizer increased the zinc content (28.20%) and iron content (21.81%) of rice grain, respectively, all of which were beneficial to improving the nutritional quality. Nitrogen fertilizer application lowered gel consistency (3.33%), amylose content (6.01%), peak viscosity (8.05%), and breakdown (9.98%), which were not favorable to the improving rice cooking and eating quality. The application of potassium, magnesium, sulfur, and silicon fertilizer reduced the chalkiness rate by 15.09%, 6.50%, 24.07%, and 23.22%, respectively, while potassium, zinc, and silicon also reduced the chalkiness degree and helped improve the appearance quality. For milling quality indicators, the application of nitrogen, potassium, and zinc fertilizer could greatly enhance the head rice rate with an average growth rate of 10.29%, 2.92%, and 3.76%, respectively, which was conducive to the milling quality improvement.【Conclusion】Different nutrients have an effect on the nutritional, cooking and eating, appearance, and milling quality of rice, however the quality indicators affected vary. To optimize rice quality, the impacts of different nutrients on rice quality should be coordinated in actual production according to the desired quality standards.

Key words: nutrients, rice, quality, meta-analysis

刘嫒桦, 李小坤. 不同肥料施用与稻米品质关系的整合分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(3): 276-284.

LIU Aihua, LI Xiaokun. Meta-analysis of Relationship Between Fertilizer Application and Rice Quality[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(3): 276-284.

图/表 3

图1 施氮对稻米品质指标的影响点代表效应值ln R，误差线代表95%置信区间。括号内的值代表样本数。若ln R的95%置信区间不与0重叠，则说明施肥处理对稻米品质指标的影响显著；若ln R的95%置信区间与0重叠，则说明施肥处理对稻米品质指标无显著影响。下同。

Fig. 1. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the indicators of rice quality. The points represent the effect value ln R and error lines represent 95% confidence interval. The numbers in brackets represent the sample number. The overlap between zero and the 95% confidence interval of ln R mean significant effect of fertilization on rice quality indexes, and vice versa. The same below.

图2 磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、锌、铁、硅肥施用对稻米品质的影响

Fig. 2. Effects of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, iron and silicon fertilizer on rice quality.

图3 养分对稻米品质的影响及内在机制

Fig. 3. Effects of nutrients on rice quality and the internal mechanism.

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