中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 428-438.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211008
• 研究报告 • 上一篇
王梦杰,#, 吴俊男,#, 刘耀斌, 徐春春, 冯金飞, 李凤博, 方福平()
收稿日期:
2021-10-25
修回日期:
2022-04-06
出版日期:
2022-07-10
发布日期:
2022-07-12
通讯作者:
方福平
基金资助:
WANG Mengjie,#, WU Junnan,#, LIU Yaobin, XU Chunchun, FENG Jinfei, LI Fengbo, FANG Fuping()
Received:
2021-10-25
Revised:
2022-04-06
Online:
2022-07-10
Published:
2022-07-12
Contact:
FANG Fuping
摘要:
【目的】明确饲料蛋白含量对稻-黄颡鱼共作模式下N2O和NH3挥发特征及黄颡鱼生长的影响,有利于稻-黄颡鱼综合种养的高效、绿色发展。【方法】采用盆栽模拟试验,以常规单养黄颡鱼模式为对照,系统研究了不同饲料蛋白含量对稻-黄颡鱼共作模式下N2O和NH3的排放特征、水体和底泥的氮含量以及黄颡鱼生长的影响。【结果】在相同蛋白含量下,稻-黄颡鱼共作模式的N2O和NH3挥发分别比单养黄颡鱼模式降低18.3%和76.20%,水体总氮和无机氮含量降低41.30%和48.85%,黄颡鱼蛋白累积量增加20.00%,氮利用率增加171.50%。在稻-黄颡鱼共作模式下,提高饲料蛋白含量会显著增加N2O排放量和水体残留氮含量,但对NH3挥发无显著影响;黄颡鱼特定生长率和蛋白累积量与饲料蛋白含量呈二次曲线关系。饲料氮利用效率随饲料蛋白含量增加呈线性降低趋势。【结论】综合考虑黄颡鱼生长和N2O排放以及养殖水体氮残留等因素,确定稻-黄颡鱼共作模式饲料蛋白含量不宜超过43.04%。
王梦杰, 吴俊男, 刘耀斌, 徐春春, 冯金飞, 李凤博, 方福平. 饲料蛋白含量对稻-黄颡鱼共作模式气态氮排放、黄颡鱼生长和氮利用率的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(4): 428-438.
WANG Mengjie, WU Junnan, LIU Yaobin, XU Chunchun, FENG Jinfei, LI Fengbo, FANG Fuping. Effect of Feed Protein Contents on Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions, Growth Performance of Catfish and Nitrogen Utilization in Rice-yellow Catfish Co-culture Model[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(4): 428-438.
原料成分 Raw material | 配方目标含量 Formula target content | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
45% | 40% | 35% | 30% | 25% | |
豆粕Soybean meal/g | 24.00 | 25.00 | 22.00 | 18.00 | 24.00 |
鱼粉Fish meal/g | 49.00 | 39.00 | 31.00 | 24.00 | 12.00 |
小麦粉Wheat flour/g | 9.00 | 14.00 | 17.00 | 27.00 | 38.00 |
麦麸 Wheat bran/g | 10.00 | 14.00 | 21.00 | 22.00 | 17.00 |
微晶纤维素Microcrystallie cellulose/g | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
菜籽油 Rapeseed oil/g | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
卵磷脂Lecthin/g | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
抗氧化剂Antioxidants/g | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
总计Total/g | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
粗蛋白含量Crude protein content/% | 45.16 | 39.38 | 34.15 | 31.52 | 26.73 |
粗脂肪含量Crude fat content/% | 9.75 | 9.66 | 9.75 | 9.75 | 8.79 |
总能量Total energy/(kJ·g−1) | 22.37 | 20.51 | 19.12 | 18.17 | 15.80 |
表1 饲料配方及原料配比(干质量)
Table 1. Feed formula and raw material ratio (dry weight).
原料成分 Raw material | 配方目标含量 Formula target content | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
45% | 40% | 35% | 30% | 25% | |
豆粕Soybean meal/g | 24.00 | 25.00 | 22.00 | 18.00 | 24.00 |
鱼粉Fish meal/g | 49.00 | 39.00 | 31.00 | 24.00 | 12.00 |
小麦粉Wheat flour/g | 9.00 | 14.00 | 17.00 | 27.00 | 38.00 |
麦麸 Wheat bran/g | 10.00 | 14.00 | 21.00 | 22.00 | 17.00 |
微晶纤维素Microcrystallie cellulose/g | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
菜籽油 Rapeseed oil/g | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
卵磷脂Lecthin/g | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
抗氧化剂Antioxidants/g | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
总计Total/g | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
粗蛋白含量Crude protein content/% | 45.16 | 39.38 | 34.15 | 31.52 | 26.73 |
粗脂肪含量Crude fat content/% | 9.75 | 9.66 | 9.75 | 9.75 | 8.79 |
总能量Total energy/(kJ·g−1) | 22.37 | 20.51 | 19.12 | 18.17 | 15.80 |
图1 试验期内不同处理的N2O (A)与NH3 (B)排放通量动态变化 RF-稻-黄颡鱼共作处理;F-黄颡鱼单养处理;P25-饲料蛋白含量为25%;P30-饲料蛋白含量为30%;P35-饲料蛋白含量为35%;P40-饲料蛋白含量为40%;P45-饲料蛋白含量为45%。
Fig. 1. Dynamics of N2O (A) and NH3 (B) flux rates under different treatments during the experimental periods. RF, Rice-yellow catfish co-culture treatment; F, Yellow catfish monoculture treatment; P25, Protein content in the feed is 25%; P30, Protein content in the feed is 30%; P35, Protein content in the feed is 35%; P40, Protein content in the feed is 40%; P45, Protein content in the feed is 45%.
处理 Treatment | TN /(mg∙L−1) | NH4+-N /(mg∙L−1) | NO3−-N /(mg∙L−1) | NO2−-N /(mg∙L−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
RF-P25 | 4.31±0.22 e | 0.58±0.07 c | 1.91±0.15 e | 0.17±0.02 c |
RF-P30 | 5.67±0.15 d | 2.04±0.51 b | 2.36±0.17 d | 0.21±0.03 c |
RF-P35 | 6.08±0.48 cd | 2.53±0.56 b | 2.72±0.08 c | 0.28±0.03 b |
RF-P40 | 6.61±0.1 c | 2.64±0.26 b | 3.27±0.09 b | 0.30±0.02 b |
RF-P45 | 7.24±0.33 b | 2.87±0.22 b | 3.47±0.12 b | 0.31±0.02 b |
F-P40 | 11.26±0.54 a | 5.95±1.16 a | 3.68±0.03 a | 0.56±0.07 a |
F值F value | 142.09** | 27.70** | 106.15** | 49.72** |
表2 稻-黄颡鱼共作处理中水体总氮和无机氮含量
Table 2. Average concentrations of total and inorganic nitrogen in water of each treatment.
处理 Treatment | TN /(mg∙L−1) | NH4+-N /(mg∙L−1) | NO3−-N /(mg∙L−1) | NO2−-N /(mg∙L−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
RF-P25 | 4.31±0.22 e | 0.58±0.07 c | 1.91±0.15 e | 0.17±0.02 c |
RF-P30 | 5.67±0.15 d | 2.04±0.51 b | 2.36±0.17 d | 0.21±0.03 c |
RF-P35 | 6.08±0.48 cd | 2.53±0.56 b | 2.72±0.08 c | 0.28±0.03 b |
RF-P40 | 6.61±0.1 c | 2.64±0.26 b | 3.27±0.09 b | 0.30±0.02 b |
RF-P45 | 7.24±0.33 b | 2.87±0.22 b | 3.47±0.12 b | 0.31±0.02 b |
F-P40 | 11.26±0.54 a | 5.95±1.16 a | 3.68±0.03 a | 0.56±0.07 a |
F值F value | 142.09** | 27.70** | 106.15** | 49.72** |
处理 Treatment | TN /(g∙kg−1) | NH4+-N /(mg∙kg−1) | NO3−-N /(mg∙kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|
RF-P25 | 1.30±0.01 c | 25.69±0.81 c | 4.42±0.32 a |
RF-P30 | 1.32±0.01 bc | 27.27±1.75 bc | 4.12±0.17 ab |
RF-P35 | 1.30±0.01 c | 29.22±0.76 b | 4.00±0.09 b |
RF-P40 | 1.31±0.02 bc | 29.18±0.64 b | 4.39±0.04 a |
RF-P45 | 1.35±0.01 a | 28.66±1.14 b | 4.41±0.18 a |
F-P40 | 1.33±0.01 ab | 45.27±0.87 a | 3.40±0.10 c |
F值F value | 7.00** | 137.156** | 15.334** |
表3 底泥总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮平均含量
Table 3. Average contents of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil.
处理 Treatment | TN /(g∙kg−1) | NH4+-N /(mg∙kg−1) | NO3−-N /(mg∙kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|
RF-P25 | 1.30±0.01 c | 25.69±0.81 c | 4.42±0.32 a |
RF-P30 | 1.32±0.01 bc | 27.27±1.75 bc | 4.12±0.17 ab |
RF-P35 | 1.30±0.01 c | 29.22±0.76 b | 4.00±0.09 b |
RF-P40 | 1.31±0.02 bc | 29.18±0.64 b | 4.39±0.04 a |
RF-P45 | 1.35±0.01 a | 28.66±1.14 b | 4.41±0.18 a |
F-P40 | 1.33±0.01 ab | 45.27±0.87 a | 3.40±0.10 c |
F值F value | 7.00** | 137.156** | 15.334** |
环境参数 Environmental parameter | N2O排放通量 N2O flux | NH3挥发通量NH3 flux | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
稻-黄颡鱼共作RF | 黄颡鱼单养F | 稻-黄颡鱼共作RF | 黄颡鱼单养F | |||
水体环境 Water environment | NH4+ | 0.450 | 0.666** | −0.329 | 0.458** | |
NO3− | 0.593** | 0.513** | −0.357 | −0.178 | ||
NO2− | 0.370 | 0.722** | 0.163 | 0.040 | ||
TOC | 0.675** | 0.559** | −0.230 | 0.430** | ||
DO | −0.534* | −0.213 | −0.267 | −0.286* | ||
pH | −0.589** | −0.593** | 0.226 | −0.076 | ||
底泥环境 Mud environment | NH4+ | 0.049 | 0.389 | 0.168 | 0.363 | |
NO3− | −0.036 | 0.129 | −0.153 | 0.247 | ||
pH | −0.096 | −0.513 | 0.283 | −0.572* |
表4 N2O和NH3挥发通量与水体和底泥参数相关性分析(n=18)
Table 4. Correlation analysis of N2O and NH3 flux rates and the parameters of water and bottom soil (n=18).
环境参数 Environmental parameter | N2O排放通量 N2O flux | NH3挥发通量NH3 flux | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
稻-黄颡鱼共作RF | 黄颡鱼单养F | 稻-黄颡鱼共作RF | 黄颡鱼单养F | |||
水体环境 Water environment | NH4+ | 0.450 | 0.666** | −0.329 | 0.458** | |
NO3− | 0.593** | 0.513** | −0.357 | −0.178 | ||
NO2− | 0.370 | 0.722** | 0.163 | 0.040 | ||
TOC | 0.675** | 0.559** | −0.230 | 0.430** | ||
DO | −0.534* | −0.213 | −0.267 | −0.286* | ||
pH | −0.589** | −0.593** | 0.226 | −0.076 | ||
底泥环境 Mud environment | NH4+ | 0.049 | 0.389 | 0.168 | 0.363 | |
NO3− | −0.036 | 0.129 | −0.153 | 0.247 | ||
pH | −0.096 | −0.513 | 0.283 | −0.572* |
处理 Treatment | 产量 Yield | 生长性能 Growth performance | 饲料转化 Feed conversion | 粗蛋白沉积 Crude protein deposition | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HW /(g·m−2) | SR /% | SGR /(%·d−1) | FCR /(kg·kg−1) | FU /% | CPR /% | PG /g | ||||
RF-P25 | 554.7±28.6 a | 94.4±0.6 a | 0.73±0.03 d | 4.3±0.2 bc | 15.0±2.3 a | 15.0±0.4 c | 1.3±0.2 c | |||
RF-P30 | 563.2±13.9 a | 95.6±1.4 a | 0.84±0.02 c | 4.1±0.6 ab | 12.4±1.2 b | 15.4±0.6 bc | 1.4±0.1 c | |||
RF-P35 | 569.1±8.6 a | 93.4±0.9 a | 0.92±0.02 b | 4.6±0.5 a | 10.6±1.3 bc | 16.4±0.7 a | 1.5±0.0 bc | |||
RF-P40 | 571.5±31.8 a | 96.9±0.6 a | 0.97±0.01 a | 3.2±0.0 c | 9.3±0.9 c | 16.2±0.5 a | 1.8±0.1 a | |||
RF-P45 | 570.8±27.6 a | 93.3±2.6 a | 0.98±0.01 a | 2.6±0.3 c | 9.2±1.3 c | 16.4±0.4 a | 1.8±0.2 ab | |||
F-P40 | 559.4±18.8 a | 92.8±2.8 a | 0.98±0.02 a | 2.9±0.8 c | 9.2±0.7 c | 15.3±0.4 c | 1.5±0.0 c | |||
F值F value | 1.181 | 1.080 | 103.375** | 9.079** | 9.912** | 4.203* | 5.855** |
表5 不同饲料蛋白含量投喂处理下黄颡鱼生长性能和饲料利用率
Table 5. Growth performance and feed utilization of yellow catfish fed with different protein content feeds.
处理 Treatment | 产量 Yield | 生长性能 Growth performance | 饲料转化 Feed conversion | 粗蛋白沉积 Crude protein deposition | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HW /(g·m−2) | SR /% | SGR /(%·d−1) | FCR /(kg·kg−1) | FU /% | CPR /% | PG /g | ||||
RF-P25 | 554.7±28.6 a | 94.4±0.6 a | 0.73±0.03 d | 4.3±0.2 bc | 15.0±2.3 a | 15.0±0.4 c | 1.3±0.2 c | |||
RF-P30 | 563.2±13.9 a | 95.6±1.4 a | 0.84±0.02 c | 4.1±0.6 ab | 12.4±1.2 b | 15.4±0.6 bc | 1.4±0.1 c | |||
RF-P35 | 569.1±8.6 a | 93.4±0.9 a | 0.92±0.02 b | 4.6±0.5 a | 10.6±1.3 bc | 16.4±0.7 a | 1.5±0.0 bc | |||
RF-P40 | 571.5±31.8 a | 96.9±0.6 a | 0.97±0.01 a | 3.2±0.0 c | 9.3±0.9 c | 16.2±0.5 a | 1.8±0.1 a | |||
RF-P45 | 570.8±27.6 a | 93.3±2.6 a | 0.98±0.01 a | 2.6±0.3 c | 9.2±1.3 c | 16.4±0.4 a | 1.8±0.2 ab | |||
F-P40 | 559.4±18.8 a | 92.8±2.8 a | 0.98±0.02 a | 2.9±0.8 c | 9.2±0.7 c | 15.3±0.4 c | 1.5±0.0 c | |||
F值F value | 1.181 | 1.080 | 103.375** | 9.079** | 9.912** | 4.203* | 5.855** |
处理 Treatment | 每桶氮输入 N input per pot/g | 每桶氮收获 N harvest per pot/g | 氮利用率 N utilization/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
进水 Water flow(N) | 饲料氮 Feed N | 鱼苗 Fry fish | 水稻 Rice | 鱼吸收 Fish harvest | 稻吸收 Rice harvest | |||
RF-P25 | 14.89 | 86.10 | 17.71 | 0.25 | 12.89 ab | 17.37 a | 24.39 a | |
RF-P30 | 14.35 | 98.64 | 18.11 | 0.24 | 11.65 b | 14.49 b | 20.38 b | |
RF-P35 | 14.30 | 111.87 | 18.25 | 0.26 | 11.86 b | 16.86 a | 19.69 bc | |
RF-P40 | 14.30 | 124.05 | 17.72 | 0.24 | 13.33 a | 17.40 a | 19.66 bc | |
RF-P45 | 14.54 | 140.96 | 18.02 | 0.23 | 14.39 a | 16.89 a | 17.99 c | |
F-P40 | 14.77 | 124.05 | 17.93 | 0.25 | 11.37 b | / | 7.24 d |
表6 稻-黄颡鱼共作模式下不同处理中的氮收支情况
Table 6. Nitrogen budget in different treatments.
处理 Treatment | 每桶氮输入 N input per pot/g | 每桶氮收获 N harvest per pot/g | 氮利用率 N utilization/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
进水 Water flow(N) | 饲料氮 Feed N | 鱼苗 Fry fish | 水稻 Rice | 鱼吸收 Fish harvest | 稻吸收 Rice harvest | |||
RF-P25 | 14.89 | 86.10 | 17.71 | 0.25 | 12.89 ab | 17.37 a | 24.39 a | |
RF-P30 | 14.35 | 98.64 | 18.11 | 0.24 | 11.65 b | 14.49 b | 20.38 b | |
RF-P35 | 14.30 | 111.87 | 18.25 | 0.26 | 11.86 b | 16.86 a | 19.69 bc | |
RF-P40 | 14.30 | 124.05 | 17.72 | 0.24 | 13.33 a | 17.40 a | 19.66 bc | |
RF-P45 | 14.54 | 140.96 | 18.02 | 0.23 | 14.39 a | 16.89 a | 17.99 c | |
F-P40 | 14.77 | 124.05 | 17.93 | 0.25 | 11.37 b | / | 7.24 d |
图4 不同饲料蛋白含量与特定生长率、蛋白累积量、氮利用率、N2O累积排放量、NH3累积排放量和水体总氮含量的拟合分析
Fig. 4. Fitting analysis of different dietary protein contents and specific growth rate(SGR), protein gain(PG), N utilization, N2O cumulative emission, NH3 cumulative emission and total nitrogen contents in water.
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