水稻-再生稻体系干物质积累及氮磷钾养分的吸收利用

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】阐明水稻-再生稻体系的干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用规律,为其科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】通过2年的田间试验,以深两优5814为材料,在养分供应充足的条件下,于水稻关键生育期(分蘖期、幼穗分化期、孕穗期、齐穗期、灌浆期、完熟期)进行取样,测定各器官的干物质量及氮、磷、钾养分含量,计算养分积累量,研究头季稻和再生稻干物质积累和氮、磷、钾养分吸收积累动态及分配、转运规律。【结果】头季稻总干物质积累量在整个生育期表现为“慢-快-慢”的增长趋势,茎、叶干物质快速积累期分别在分蘖-齐穗期和孕穗前,增长量分别占其最大积累量的81.1%和43.8%,且茎、叶的干物质积累量在灌浆-完熟期之间没有明显降低;从齐穗期至灌浆中期是穗的干物质快速积累期,在此期间增加的干物质积累量占总量的58.8%。再生稻的总干物质积累呈“S”形曲线,茎、叶的干物质积累量分别在灌浆期和齐穗期达到最大;头季稻桩的干物质积累量从头季收割后呈下降趋势。养分吸收结果显示,头季稻氮的总积累量以及茎、穗两个器官的氮素积累量的变化规律与其干物质积累量相似,磷和钾的总积累量在灌浆后期降低;茎和叶的各养分积累量分别在齐穗期和灌浆期达到最大。头季收获后,头季稻桩的氮、磷和钾养分积累量表现为下降的趋势,茎和叶的养分积累量先增加后减少,穗的养分积累量则表现为不断增加。从齐穗期到完熟期,各器官的氮转运量表现为叶>茎>头季稻桩,磷转运量表现为茎>头季稻桩>叶,钾转运量表现为头季稻桩>叶>茎。【结论】头季稻孕穗期至灌浆中期是其干物质和养分的快速积累期,从头季收获至再生季齐穗期间是再生稻干物质及养分积累的关键时期,头季稻桩中的养分会在头季收获后转移至再生器官中。满足头季稻抽穗灌浆期间的养分需求,及时补充再生芽萌发生长期间的养分供应是水稻-再生稻体系高产的基础和保障。

关键词: 水稻, 再生稻, 干物质, 养分积累, 吸收

Abstract:

【Objective】 To reveal the law of dry matter accumulation, N, P, K nutrients absorption and utilization in rice-ratoon rice system and lay a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization, 【Method】 two years of field trials were conducted to study the dynamics of dry matter accumulation and N, P, K distribution and transformation in rice-ratoon rice system by investigating the dry matter weight and nutrients contents in different organs at various growth stages(tillering stage, young panicle differentiation stage, booting stage, full heading stage, filling stage, ripening stage) under the condition of adequate supplying of nutrients. 【Result】 Total dry matter accumulation of the first-season rice followed the growth trend of ‘slow-fast-slow’ in the whole growth duration. The rapid accumulation period in stem and leaf were ‘tillering-full heading stage’ and ‘before the booting stage’, respectively, and the accumulation in stem and leaf accounted for 81.1% and 43.8% of their maximum. In addition, the dry matter accumulation in stem and leaf were not decreased significantly during the grain filling stage. The rapid dry matter accumulation period of panicle was from full heading stage to middle filling stage, which accounted for 58.8% of the total. The total dry matter accumulation of ratoon rice followed an S-shape curve. Dry matter accumulation in stem and leaf peaked at the filling stage and heading stage respectively, and that of the first-season rice stubble showed a downward trend in the whole growth period. The results of nutrient absorption showed that total N accumulation of the first-season rice was equal to that of the dry matter accumulation, as well as that of the stem and panicle. But the total accumulation of phosphorus and potassium of the first- season rice were decreased at the late filling stage. Nutrients accumulation of stem and leaf reached the maximum at heading stage. After harvest of the first season rice, accumulation of N, P and K in stubbles showed a downward trend, and that of ratoon rice stem and leaf were increased firstly and then decreased. However, that of panicle were increased constantly. From heading stage to ripening stage, N translocation in each organ showed a tendency of leaf>stem>stubble, for P translocation, stem>stubble>leaf, and for K translocation, stubble>leaf>stem. 【Conclusion】 The rapid dry matter and nutrient accumulation period of the first-season rice was from booting stage to middle filling stage, and the critical period of ratoon rice was from the harvest of the first-season rice to full heading stage. The nutrient in stubbles could be transferred to the organs of ratoon rice after the harvest of the first season rice. Satisfying the nutrients demands between heading stage and filling stage of the first-season rice and timely nutrients supply to ratooning buds served as the basis and guarantee of high yield in rice-ratoon rice system.

Key words: rice, ratoon rice, dry matter, nutrition accumulation, absorption

中图分类号:

王森, 莫菁华, 汪洋, 游秋香, 任涛, 丛日环, 李小坤. 水稻-再生稻体系干物质积累及氮磷钾养分的吸收利用[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(1): 67-77.

Sen WANG, Jinghua MO, Yang WANG, Qiuxiang YOU, Tao REN, Rihuan CONG, Xiaokun LI. Dry Matter Accumulation and N, P, K Absorption and Utilization in Rice-Ratoon Rice System[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(1): 67-77.

图/表 5

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年份与养分 Year and Nutrient	器官 Organ	养分分配比例 Proportion of nutrient distribution /%					再生稻齐穗期-完熟期 Full heading stage to ripening stage of ratoon rice
		头季稻 First-season rice		再生稻 Ratoon rice			转运量* Amount of transfer /(kg·hm^-2) *	贡献率 Contribution rate/%
		齐穗期 Full heading stage	完熟期 Ripening stage	幼穗分化期 Young panicle differentiation stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	完熟期 Ripening stage	转运量* Amount of transfer /(kg·hm^-2) *	贡献率 Contribution rate/%
2015
N	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	78.2±13.1 a	21.3±3.6 b	11.1±0.4 c	-7.5±6.6 b	10.4±9.8 b
	叶 Leaf	54.4±3.2 a	24.6±6.6 b	0.0	37.3±1.5 a	6.5±0.8 d	-26.5±5.5 c	36.0±10.0 a
	茎Stem	28.3±2.3 b	21.4±1.9 b	21.8±13.1 b	20.3±1.1 b	13.1±0.6 b	-4.1±1.7 b	5.4±1.9 b
	穗 Panicle	17.4±1.0 c	54.0±6.4 a	0.0	21.1±2.1 b	69.2±0.9 a	55.8±6.2 a	-74.7±3.4 c
P	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	79.8±10.7 a	25.2±4.7 b	6.1±0.5 c	-4.1±1.6 bc	17.8±7.5 b
	叶 Leaf	29.4±5.2 b	12.4±3.2 c	0.0	14.0±0.3 c	3.5±0.2 d	-2.2±0.2 b	9.6±1.7 b
	茎Stem	56.2±6.5 a	27.5±1.6 b	20.2±10.7 b	43.1±2.8 a	12.8±1.8 b	-6.1±0.7 c	26.9±5.2 a
	穗 Panicle	14.5±1.3 c	60.1±3.3 a	0.0	17.7±1.6 c	77.5±1.2 a	19.0±2.5 a	-82.1±2.5 c
K	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	85.6±6.5 a	38.6±2.1 a	20.2±4.7 b	-37.9±8.3 d	113±20.2 a
	叶 Leaf	29.1±1.1 b	16.5±0.5 b	0.0	15.8±0.9 b	7.5±1.0 c	-16.7±2.7 c	50.1±10.4 b
	茎Stem	61.2±3.3 a	68.1±1.5 a	14.4±6.5 b	36.6±1.5 a	48.8±4.9 a	6.4±4.2 b	-19.6±14.3 c
	穗 Panicle	9.6±2.3 c	15.3±1.9 b	0.0	9.0±0.4 c	23.4±2.9 b	17.2±2.5 a	-51.1±3.7 d
2016
N	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	76.9±2.5 a	18.5±4.4 a	15.5±1.6 b	-2.8±2.0 b	4.9±3.6 b
	叶 Leaf	-	-	0.00	27.6±4.9 a	6.3±1.7 c	-22.9±3.1 c	38.4±7.4 a
	茎Stem	-	-	23.1±2.5 b	28.5±2.1 a	12.7±1.7 b	-17.0±2.9 bc	28.1±3.2 ab
	穗 Panicle	-	-	0.0	25.4±7.5 a	65.5±1.9 a	44.6±12.8 a	-75.2±25.9 c
P	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	78.2±2.9 a	18.0±2.5 b	6.9±1.4 bc	-3.2±0.7 b	18.4±3.3 b
	叶 Leaf	-	-	0.00	13.0±4.4 b	3.1±1.3 c	-2.7±1.1 b	15.7±5.5 b
	茎Stem	-	-	21.8±2.9 b	47.2±3.3 a	12.0±2.3 b	-9.8±0.2 c	57.3±4.3 a
	穗 Panicle	-	-	0.00	22.4±8.5 b	78.0±4.6 a	12.8±2.7 a	-74.3±13.8 c
K	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	83.1±0.9 a	25.0±8.0 b	8.7±0.7 c	-31.3±5.0 d	266±50.2 a
	叶 Leaf	-	-	0.0	16.3±4.1 bc	6.3±1.1 c	-14.1±2.6 c	120±24.9 b
	茎Stem	-	-	16.9±0.9 b	49.0±3.2 a	67.1±1.4 a	8.1±0.5 a	68.0±2.1 c
	穗 Panicle	-	-	0.0	9.7±3.1 c	17.9±1.9 b	2.9±2.2 b	-24.3±18.0 d

年份与养分 Year and Nutrient	器官 Organ	养分分配比例 Proportion of nutrient distribution /%					再生稻齐穗期-完熟期 Full heading stage to ripening stage of ratoon rice
		头季稻 First-season rice		再生稻 Ratoon rice			转运量* Amount of transfer /(kg·hm^-2) *	贡献率 Contribution rate/%
		齐穗期 Full heading stage	完熟期 Ripening stage	幼穗分化期 Young panicle differentiation stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	完熟期 Ripening stage	转运量* Amount of transfer /(kg·hm^-2) *	贡献率 Contribution rate/%
2015
N	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	78.2±13.1 a	21.3±3.6 b	11.1±0.4 c	-7.5±6.6 b	10.4±9.8 b
	叶 Leaf	54.4±3.2 a	24.6±6.6 b	0.0	37.3±1.5 a	6.5±0.8 d	-26.5±5.5 c	36.0±10.0 a
	茎Stem	28.3±2.3 b	21.4±1.9 b	21.8±13.1 b	20.3±1.1 b	13.1±0.6 b	-4.1±1.7 b	5.4±1.9 b
	穗 Panicle	17.4±1.0 c	54.0±6.4 a	0.0	21.1±2.1 b	69.2±0.9 a	55.8±6.2 a	-74.7±3.4 c
P	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	79.8±10.7 a	25.2±4.7 b	6.1±0.5 c	-4.1±1.6 bc	17.8±7.5 b
	叶 Leaf	29.4±5.2 b	12.4±3.2 c	0.0	14.0±0.3 c	3.5±0.2 d	-2.2±0.2 b	9.6±1.7 b
	茎Stem	56.2±6.5 a	27.5±1.6 b	20.2±10.7 b	43.1±2.8 a	12.8±1.8 b	-6.1±0.7 c	26.9±5.2 a
	穗 Panicle	14.5±1.3 c	60.1±3.3 a	0.0	17.7±1.6 c	77.5±1.2 a	19.0±2.5 a	-82.1±2.5 c
K	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	85.6±6.5 a	38.6±2.1 a	20.2±4.7 b	-37.9±8.3 d	113±20.2 a
	叶 Leaf	29.1±1.1 b	16.5±0.5 b	0.0	15.8±0.9 b	7.5±1.0 c	-16.7±2.7 c	50.1±10.4 b
	茎Stem	61.2±3.3 a	68.1±1.5 a	14.4±6.5 b	36.6±1.5 a	48.8±4.9 a	6.4±4.2 b	-19.6±14.3 c
	穗 Panicle	9.6±2.3 c	15.3±1.9 b	0.0	9.0±0.4 c	23.4±2.9 b	17.2±2.5 a	-51.1±3.7 d
2016
N	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	76.9±2.5 a	18.5±4.4 a	15.5±1.6 b	-2.8±2.0 b	4.9±3.6 b
	叶 Leaf	-	-	0.00	27.6±4.9 a	6.3±1.7 c	-22.9±3.1 c	38.4±7.4 a
	茎Stem	-	-	23.1±2.5 b	28.5±2.1 a	12.7±1.7 b	-17.0±2.9 bc	28.1±3.2 ab
	穗 Panicle	-	-	0.0	25.4±7.5 a	65.5±1.9 a	44.6±12.8 a	-75.2±25.9 c
P	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	78.2±2.9 a	18.0±2.5 b	6.9±1.4 bc	-3.2±0.7 b	18.4±3.3 b
	叶 Leaf	-	-	0.00	13.0±4.4 b	3.1±1.3 c	-2.7±1.1 b	15.7±5.5 b
	茎Stem	-	-	21.8±2.9 b	47.2±3.3 a	12.0±2.3 b	-9.8±0.2 c	57.3±4.3 a
	穗 Panicle	-	-	0.00	22.4±8.5 b	78.0±4.6 a	12.8±2.7 a	-74.3±13.8 c
K	头季稻桩 Stubble	-	-	83.1±0.9 a	25.0±8.0 b	8.7±0.7 c	-31.3±5.0 d	266±50.2 a
	叶 Leaf	-	-	0.0	16.3±4.1 bc	6.3±1.1 c	-14.1±2.6 c	120±24.9 b
	茎Stem	-	-	16.9±0.9 b	49.0±3.2 a	67.1±1.4 a	8.1±0.5 a	68.0±2.1 c
	穗 Panicle	-	-	0.0	9.7±3.1 c	17.9±1.9 b	2.9±2.2 b	-24.3±18.0 d