中国水稻科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 51-66.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7047

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水稻品种的耐低磷性及其农艺生理性状

李银银, 许更文, 李俊峰, 郭佳蓉, 王志琴, 杨建昌*()   

  1. 扬州大学 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏 扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-25 修回日期:2017-05-26 出版日期:2018-01-10 发布日期:2018-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 杨建昌
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十二五”科技支撑计划资助项目(2014AA10A605);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0300206-4);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

Tolerance to Low Phosphorus and Its Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Cultivars

Yinyin LI, Gengwen XU, Junfeng LI, Jiarong GUO, Zhiqin WANG, Jianchang YANG*()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2017-04-25 Revised:2017-05-26 Online:2018-01-10 Published:2018-01-10
  • Contact: Jianchang YANG

摘要:

【目的】 本研究旨在探明水稻耐低磷性的评价指标和耐低磷品种的农艺生理特征。【方法】以11个江苏省近70年来的代表性粳稻品种作为材料,进行水培种植,设置低磷(标准营养液中磷浓度的1/20)处理,以正常磷浓度(国际水稻研究所标准营养液配方)为对照。【结果】 耐低磷指数(低磷产量×耐低磷系数/所有供试品种低磷处理的平均产量)、干物质指数(低磷干物质量/对照干物质量)与耐低磷系数(低磷产量/对照产量)及低磷处理下的产量呈显著或极显著正相关。将耐低磷指数和干物质指数作为评价水稻品种耐低磷性的指标。根据两指标值的大小将供试品种分成3类:强耐低磷品种,耐低磷指数和干物质指数均≥1;中耐低磷品种,耐低磷指数和干物质指数均>0.6, 耐低磷指数或干物质指数<1;弱耐低磷品种或低磷敏感型品种,耐低磷指数或干物质指数≤0.6。与弱耐低磷品种相比,强耐低磷品种在低磷处理下具有根量大、根系活力强,分蘖早期分蘖数多,总叶面积指数(LAI)和高效LAI大、有效LAI比例高,库容量大,抽穗期茎鞘中糖积累量多,抽穗至成熟期物质生产能力强等特征。与对照相比,低磷处理增加了磷素产谷利用率(稻谷产量/磷吸收量)和磷收获指数(籽粒中磷/成熟期植株中总吸收的磷)。在低磷下的磷素产谷利用率,强耐低磷品种高于弱耐低磷品种。【结论】 耐低磷指数和干物质指数可以作为耐低磷品种的筛选指标;在低磷处理下,根量大、分蘖早期分蘖数多、库容量大、抽穗至成熟期物质生产能力强是耐低磷性强和磷利用效率高水稻品种的重要农艺生理特征。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 耐低磷性, 评价指标, 农艺生理性状

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose was to elucidate the evaluation index of tolerance to low phosphorus (LP) and agronomic and physiological characteristics of rice cultivars with strong resistance to LP. 【Method】 Eleven typical japonica rice cultivars applied in Jiangsu Province during the last 70 years were used and two levels of phosphorus concentrations, low phosphorus level (1/20 of the phosphorus concentration in the standard nutrient solution formulation, LP) and the normal phosphorus concentration (International Rice Research Institute standard nutrient solution formulation, control), were designed. 【Result】 LP tolerance index (grain yield of LP treatment × LP tolerance coefficient/average grain yield of LP treatment for all tested cultivars) and dry matter index (dry matter of LP treatment/ dry matter of control) were significantly or extremely significantly and positively correlated with the LP tolerance coefficient (grain yield of LP treatment/ grain yield of control) and grain yield under the LP treatment. Therefore,the LP tolerance index and dry matter index were chosen as indexes to evaluate the tolerance to LP for rice cultivars. The tested cultivars were classified into three categories based on the two indexes: strong tolerance to LP (both LP tolerance index and dry matter index >1), medium resistance to LP (both LP tolerance index and dry matter index > 0.6 and either LP tolerance index or dry matter index < 1) and weak tolerance to LP (both LP tolerance index and dry matter index≤0.6). Compared with those with weak tolerance to LP, the cultivars with strong tolerance to LP exhibited higher root dry weight, stronger root activity, more tiller number at the early tillering stage, larger total leaf area index (LAI), high-efficiency LAI, effective LAI and sink capacity, more accumulation of sugars in the stem and sheath at heading time and greater dry matter production capacity from heading to maturity. The LP treatment increased internal phosphorus use efficiency (grain yield/phosphorus uptake of plants) and the phosphorus harvest index (phosphorus in the grain/the total absorbed phosphorus in plants) in comparison with the control. Moreover, the cultivars with strong tolerance to LP showed much higher internal phosphorus use efficiency.【Conclusion】 The LP tolerance index and dry matter index can be used as indexes to evaluate the tolerance to LP for a rice cultivar. Under the LP treatment, higher root dry weight, more tiller number at the early tillering stage, larger sink capacity and greater dry matter production capacity during gain-filling period are the main agronomic and physiological characteristics of rice cultivars with strong tolerance to LP and high phosphorus use efficiency.

Key words: grain yield, tolerance to low phosphorus, evaluation index, agronomic and physiological trait

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