不同施氮水平下缓释氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6072

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的在高施氮水平和常规施氮水平下,研究缓释氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用和产量的影响及其生理机制,为机插稻的氮肥高效利用提供依据。方法以中迟熟杂交籼稻川谷优7329为材料,采用二因素裂区设计,设置不同的施氮水平及5种缓释氮肥与常规氮肥(尿素)配施处理,并设置不施氮处理,分析不同施氮水平下缓释氮肥与常规氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用和产量的影响及其生理机制,并探讨氮素利用和产量与生理响应之间的关系。结果结果表明,施氮水平、缓释氮肥与常规氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量均存在显著或极显著的影响,机插稻拔节、抽穗及结实期对氮素的吸收利用以及结实期茎鞘的氮素转运量与干物质量、氮素积累量、氮肥表观利用率、每穗实粒数及最终产量显著或极显著正相关(r=0.38^*~0.69^**)。与常规氮肥运筹相比,缓释氮肥与常规氮肥配施、全缓释氮肥施用处理的机插稻成熟期干物质积累量、氮素积累总量、光合势、叶面积指数、氮肥表观利用率及穗部氮素增加量均显著提高,进而促进增产。结论据产量及氮素利用效率表现,机插稻产量在180 kg/hm²施氮水平下较高,且在缓释氮肥与常规氮肥配施比例为7∶3一次性施用时产量最高,较其他氮肥运筹产量高0.84%~26.59%,氮肥表观利用率高0.28%~47.02%,为最优氮肥运筹模式。但不同施氮水平下,随着缓释氮肥配施比例的降低,群体叶面积指数、光合势及物质积累等指标也降低,且在施氮处理为全常规氮肥时最低,均不利于机插稻氮肥利用效率及最终产量的提高。

关键词: 缓释氮肥, 机插稻, 氮素利用, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】Effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates (150 kg/hm² and 180 kg/hm²) and slow-release urea on N utilization and grain yield and its physiological characteristics in mechanical transplanted rice were studied to lay a scientific base for high-efficient N utilization in mechanical transplanted rice.【Method】 Hybrid rice Chuanguyou 7329 was used to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) application rates and various slow-release urea ratios to conventional urea, (10∶0, 7∶3, 5∶5, 3∶7 and 0∶10, respectively) on N utilization efficiency (NUE), grain yield and its physiological characteristics of mechanical-transplanted rice, as well as the correlation between N utilization, grain yield and physiological characteristics. 【Result】The results showed that N application rates and slow-release urea combined with conventional urea had significant effects on NUE and grain yield. The N utilization at jointing, heading, and filling stage, and the N translation amount of stem-sheath during filling stage had a significant positive correlation with dry matter weight, N accumulation, N apparent use efficiency, spikelet number per panicle and grain yield. Compared with conventional urea, slow-release urea or slow-release urea combined with conventional urea could significantly increase dry matter accumulation, N accumulation, photosynthetic potential, leaf area index (LAI), N apparent use efficiency, and N increment of panicle in mechanical-transplanted rice. 【Conclusion】According to grain yield and NUE, the higher grain yield and NUE were obtained at the N application rate of 180 kg/hm², especially at the ratio of slow-release urea to conventional urea 7∶3, 0.84%-26.59% and 0.28%-47.02% higher than that of other treatments, respectively. This treatment could also enhance the NUE and grain yield, which was the optimum N management in this experiment. Moreover, LAI, photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation decreased with the decline of the proportion of slow-release urea, and these indexes were the lowest in the treatment of whole conventional urea, which were not conducive to NUE and grain yield of mechanical-transplanted rice.

Key words: slow-release N fertilizer, mechanical-transplanted rice, N utilization, yield

中图分类号:

王海月, 李玥, 孙永健, 李应洪, 蒋明金, 王春雨, 赵建红, 孙园园, 徐徽, 严奉君, 马均. 不同施氮水平下缓释氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(1): 50-64.

Haiyue WANG, Yue LI, Yongjian SUN, Yinghong LI, Mingjin JIANG, Chunyu WANG, Jianhong ZHAO, Yuanyuan SUN, Hui XU, Fengjun YAN, Jun MA. Effects of Slow-release Urea on Nitrogen Utilization and Yield in Mechanically-transplanted Rice under Different Nitrogen Application Rates[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(1): 50-64.

图/表 10

参考文献 32

[1]	Peng S B, Tang Q Y, Zou Y B.Current status and challenges of rice production in China.Plant Prod Sci, 2009, 12(1): 3-8.
[2]	朱德峰, 陈惠哲. 水稻机插秧发展与粮食安全.中国稻米, 2009(6): 4-7.
	Zhu D F, Chen H Z.The development and food security of mechanical-transplanted rice.China Rice, 2009(6): 4-7. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	刘利, 雷小龙, 黄光忠, 刘代银, 任万军. 机械化播栽对杂交稻氮素积累分配及碳氮比的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(4): 831-844.
	Liu L, Lei X L, Huang G Z, Liu D Y, Ren W J.Influences of mechanical sowing and transplanting on nitrogen accumulation, distribution and C/N of hybrid rice cultivars.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2014, 20(4): 831-844. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	雷小龙, 刘利, 刘波, 黄光忠, 郭翔, 马荣朝,任万军. 机械化种植对杂交籼稻F优498产量构成与株型特征的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40(4): 719-730.
	Lei X L, Liu L, Liu B, Huang G Z, Guo X, Ma R Z, Ren W J.Effects of mechanized planting methods on yield components and plant type characteristics of indica hybrid rice F you 498.Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(4): 719-730. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	孙永健, 马均, 孙园园, 杨志远, 徐徽, 熊洪, 徐富贤. 施氮量和株距对机插杂交稻结实期养分转运和产量的影响. 核农学报, 2014, 28(8): 1510-1520.
	Sun Y J, Ma J, Sun Y Y, Yang Z Y, Xu H, Xiong H, Xu F X.Effects of nitrogen application rates and plant spacing on nutrient translocation during filling stage and yield of mechanical-transplanted hybrid rice.J Nucl Agric Sci, 2014, 28(8): 1510-1520. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	霍晓玲, 周虹, 袁勇, 胡剑锋, 任万军. 秧板处理及育秧方式对机插杂交稻秧苗生长、产量及育秧成本的影响. 杂交水稻, 2014, 29(2): 51-56.
	Huo X L, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Hu J F, Ren W J.Effects of Seedbed-preparing and seedling-raising methods on seedling growth, grain yield and seedling-raising cost in machine-transpianted hybrid rice.Hybrid Rice, 2014, 29(2): 51-56. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	邢晓鸣, 李小春, 丁艳锋, 王绍华, 刘正辉, 唐设, 丁承强, 李刚华, 魏广彬. 缓控释肥组配对机插常规粳稻群体物质生产和产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(24): 4892-4902.
	Xing X M, Li X C, Ding Y F, Wang S H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Ding C Q, Li G H, Wei G B.Effects of types of controlled released nitrogen and fertilization modes on yield and dry mass production.Sci Agric Sin, 2015, 48(24): 4892-4902. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	孙永健, 孙园园, 刘树金, 杨志远, 程洪彪, 贾现文, 马均. 水分管理和氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收、转运及分配的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37(12): 2221-2232.
	Sun Y J, Sun Y Y, Liu S J, Yang Z Y, Cheng H B, Jia X W, Ma J.Effects of water management and nitrogen application strategies on nutrient absorption, transfer, and distribution in rice.Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(12): 2221-2232. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	黎远文, 冯兴, 成美琴. 测土配方施肥对水稻产量及化肥利用率的影响. 南方农业, 2014, 8(19): 25-27.
	Li Y W, Feng X, Cheng M Q.Effects of testing soil for formulated fertilization on rice grain yield and chemical fertilizer use efficiency.South China Agric, 2014, 8(19): 25-27. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	Wang L J, Sun M Q, Niu D.Physiology and biochemistry changes ofEuphorbia pulcherrima during leaf color transformation. J Northeast Agric Univ: English Ed, 2010, 17(2): 48-54.
[11]	欧立军. 水稻叶色突变体的高光合特性. 作物学报, 2011, 37(10): 1860-1867.
	Ou L J.High Photosynthetic efficiency of leaf colour mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(10): 1860-1867. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	郑圣先, 聂军, 熊金英, 肖剑, 罗尊长, 易国英. 控释肥料提高氮素利用率的作用及对水稻效应的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2001, 7(1): 11-16.
	Zheng S X, Nie J, Xiong J Y, Xiao J, Luo Z C, Yi G Y.Study on role of controlled release fertilizer in increasing the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and rice yield.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2001, 7(1): 11-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	谢春生, 唐拴虎, 徐培智, 张发宝, 陈建生. 一次性施用控释肥对水稻植株生长及产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12(2): 2177-2182.
	Xie C S, Tang S H, Xu P Z, Zhang F B, Chen J S.Effects of single basal application of controlled-release fertilizers on growth and yield of rice.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2006, 12(2): 2177-2182. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	李贵勇, 高森, 栾鸭红, 资月娥, 常小详, 杨翠玲, 何兴林, 相罕章, 黄军, 夏琼梅, 龙瑞平, 朱海平, 杨从党. 控释肥用量对水稻干物质积累和产量的影响. 中国稻米, 2015, 21(4): 88-90.
	Li G Y, Gao S, Luan Y H, Zi Y E, Chang X X, Yang C L, He X L, Xiang H Z, Huang J, Xia Q M, Long R P, Zhu H P, Yang C D.Effects of different controlled-release fertilizer amount on dry matter production and grain yield of rice.China Rice, 2015, 21(4): 88-90. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	彭玉, 孙永健, 蒋明金, 徐徽, 秦俭, 杨志远, 马均. 不同水分条件下缓/控释氮肥对水稻干物质量和氮素吸收、运转及分配的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40(5): 859-870.
	Peng Y, Sun Y J, Jiang M J, Xu H, Qin J, Yang Z Y, Ma J.Effects of water management and slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on biomass and nitrogen accumulation, translocation, and distribution in rice.Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(5): 859-870. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	田小海,马国辉,杨令芝,肖宇, 王晓玲, 徐凤英, 吴晨阳.缓释氮肥对超级杂交稻后期生长与生理功能的影响.杂交水稻. 2010,25(5): 64-69.
	Tian X H, Ma G H, Yang L Z,Xiao Y, Wang X L, Xu F Y, Wu C Y.Effects of slow release nitrogen fertilizer on growth and physiological functions in the late stage of super hybrid rice.Hybrid Rice, 2010,25(5): 64-69. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	李玥, 李应洪, 赵建红, 孙永健, 徐徽, 严奉君, 谢华英, 马均. 缓控释氮肥对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响. 浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版, 2015, 41(6): 673-684.
	Li Y, Li Y H, Zhao J H, Sun Y J, Xu H, Yan F J, Xie H Y, Ma J.Effects of slow-and controlled-release fertilizer on nitrogen utilization characteristics and yield of machine-transplanted rice.J Zhejiang Univ, 2015, 41(6): 673-684. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	李杰, 张洪程, 常勇, 龚金龙, 郭振华, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究. 作物学报, 2011, 37(7): 1235-1248.
	Li J, Zhang H C, Chang Y, Gong J L, Guo Z H, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H.Characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of rice with different planting methods under high-yielding cultivation condition.Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(7): 1235-1248. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	R A Fisher, D Rees, K D Sayre, Z M Lu, A G Condon, A Larque Saavedra.Wheat yield progress associated with higher stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and cooler canopies.Crop Sci, 1998, 38(6): 1467-1475.
[20]	杨建昌, 杜永, 吴长付, 刘立军, 王志琴, 朱庆森. 超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(7): 1336-1345.
	Yang J C, Du Y, Wu Z F, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Zhu Q S.Growth and development characteristics of super-high-yielding mid-season japonica rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2006, 39(7): 1336-1345. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	李刚华, 张国发, 陈功磊, 王绍华, 凌启鸿, 丁艳锋. 超高产常规粳稻宁粳1号和宁粳3号群体特征及对氮的响应. 作物学报, 2009, 35(6): 1106-1114.
	Li G H, Zhang G F, Chen G L, Wang S H, Ling Q H, Ding Y F.Population characteristics of super japonica rice Ningjing 1 and Ningjing 3 and its responses to nitrogen.Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35(6): 1106-1114. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	敖和军, 王淑红, 邹应斌, 彭少兵, 唐启源, 方远祥, 肖安民, 陈玉梅, 熊昌明. 超级杂交稻干物质生产特点与产量稳定性研究. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(7): 1927-1936.
	Ao H J, Wang S H, Zou Y B, Peng S B, Tang Q Y, Fang Y X, Xiao A M, Chen Y M, Xiong C M.Study on yield stability and dry matter characteristics of super hybrid rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41(7): 1927-1936. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Huang M, Zou Y, Jiang P, Xia B, Md I, Ao H J.Relationship between grain yield and yield components in super hybrid rice.Agric Sci China, 2011, 10(10): 1537-1544.
[24]	Zhang H, Chen T T, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Yang J C, Zhang J H.Performance in grain yield and physiological traits of rice in the Yangtze River Basin of China during the last 60 yr.J Integr Agric, 2013, 12(1): 57-66.
[25]	韦还和, 姜元华, 赵珂, 许俊伟, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征. 作物学报, 2013, 39(12): 2201-2210.
	Wei H H, Jiang Y H, Zhao K, Xu J W, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y.Characteristics of super-high yield population in Yongyou series of hybrid rice.Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(12): 2201-2210. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	张洪程, 赵品恒, 孙菊英, 吴桂成, 徐军, 端木银熙, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 机插杂交粳稻超高产形成群体特征. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(2): 39-44.
	Zhang H C, Zhao P H, Sun J Y, Wu G C, Xu J, Duan Mu Y X, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y. Population characteristics of super high yield formation of mechanical transplanted japonica hybrid rice.Trans CSAE, 2012, 28(2): 39-44. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	胡春花, 罗革彬, 曾建华, 潘孝忠. 不同类型缓释氮肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(15): 174-177.
	Hu C H, Luo G B, Ceng J H, Pan X Z.Influence of different types of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2011, 27(15): 174-177. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	李华, 徐长青, 李世峰, 钱宗华. 不同氮肥管理对机插水稻产量及氮肥利用的影响. 贵州农业科学, 2008, 36(5): 39-41.
	Li H, Xu Z Q, Li S F, Qian Z H.Effects of different nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen utilization of machine-transplanted rice.Guizhou Agric Sci, 2008, 36(5): 39-41. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	马均, 朱庆森, 马文波, 田彦华, 杨建昌, 周开达. 重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36(4): 375-381.
	Ma J, Zhu Q S, Ma W B, Tian Y H, Yang J C, Zhou K D.Studies on the photosynthetic characteristics and accumulation and transformation of assimilation product in heavy panicle type of rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36(4): 375-381. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	吴文革, 张洪程, 钱银飞, 陈烨, 徐军, 吴桂成, 翟超群, 霍中洋, 戴其根. 超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(3): 287-293.
	Wu W G, Zhang H C, Qian Y F, Chen Y, Xu J, Wu G C, Zhai C Q, Huo Z Y, Dai Q G.Analysis on dry matter production characteristics of middle-season indica super hybrid rice.Chin J Rice Sci, 2007, 21(3): 287-293. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	李敏, 张洪程, 杨雄, 葛梦婕, 马群, 魏海燕, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲. 水稻高产氮高效型品种的物质积累与转运特性. 作物学报, 2013, 39(1): 101-109.
	Li M, Zhang H C, Yang X, Ge M J, Ma Q, Wei H Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K.Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation in rice cultivars with high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency.Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(1): 101-109. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	霍中洋,杨雄,张洪程,葛梦婕, 马群, 李敏, 戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕, 李国业, 朱聪聪, 王亚江, 颜希亭. 不同氮肥群体最高生产力水稻品种各器官的干物质和氮素的积累与转运. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012,18(5): 1035-1045.
	Huo Z Y, Yang X, Zhang H C, Ge M J, Ma Q, Li M, Dai Q G, Xu K, Wei H Y, Li G Y, Zhu C C, Wang Y J, Yan X T.Accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen nutrition in organs of rice cultivars with different productivity levels.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2012, 18(5): 1035-1045. (in Chinese with English abstract)

处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number /(×10⁴hm^-2)	每穗实粒数 Filled spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	实际产量 Actual grain yield /(kg·hm^-2)
N₁
R₀	226.3±0.5 d	116.2±0.6 d	90.98±0.78 a	36.13±0.18 a	9 491.2±168.6 d
R₁	238.6±2.0 b	133.8±1.6 a	86.86±0.83 b	36.64±1.05 a	11 661.3±110.9 a
R₂	254.5±5.6 a	130.2±1.4 b	86.57±0.59 b	36.45±0.40 a	11 808.6±66.2 a
R₃	227.8±4.1 cd	135.9±1.8 a	84.83±1.14 c	37.01±1.03 a	11 424.7±355.2 b
R₄	255.4±1.5 a	122.8±2.0 c	85.75±0.96 bc	36.44±0.83 a	11 408.2±192.8 b
R₅	230.2±1.9 c	127.7±0.7 b	83.07±0.24 d	36.64±0.80 a	10 706.9±179.1 c
平均 Average	238.8±0.2	127.8±0.4	86.34±0.58	36.55±0.23	11 083.5±44.3
N₂
R₀	226.3±0.5 d	116.2±0.6 d	90.98±0.78 a	36.13±0.18 a	9 491.2±168.6 d
R₁	258.4±3.9 a	136.9±0.7 b	85.35±1.18 c	34.03±0.61 c	11 914.9±99.9 ab
R₂	255.3±1.2 ab	142.4±1.5 c	87.39±0.86 b	34.49±0.26 c	12 015.4±26.2 a
R₃	236.0±6.0 c	140.6±6.3 a	87.64±1.24 b	35.41±0.43 ab	11 704.6±22.9 b
R₄	251.9±1.2 b	129.8±1.1 a	87.22±1.82 b	35.84±1.05 ab	11 696.9±32.8 b
R₅	226.4±1.6 d	139.9±0.7 a	83.96±0.48 d	34.76±0.09 bc	10 999.2±78.6 c
平均 Average	242.4±1.7	134.3±0.9	87.09±0.20	35.11±0.16	11 303.7±30.3
F值 F value
N	14.43^*	75.51^*	2.95	436.12^**	125.34^**
R	107.37^**	83.02^**	36.75^**	1.75	184.32^**
N×R	12.68^**	7.30^**	3.28^*	2.82^*	2.79^*

处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number /(×10⁴hm^-2)	每穗实粒数 Filled spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	实际产量 Actual grain yield /(kg·hm^-2)
N₁
R₀	226.3±0.5 d	116.2±0.6 d	90.98±0.78 a	36.13±0.18 a	9 491.2±168.6 d
R₁	238.6±2.0 b	133.8±1.6 a	86.86±0.83 b	36.64±1.05 a	11 661.3±110.9 a
R₂	254.5±5.6 a	130.2±1.4 b	86.57±0.59 b	36.45±0.40 a	11 808.6±66.2 a
R₃	227.8±4.1 cd	135.9±1.8 a	84.83±1.14 c	37.01±1.03 a	11 424.7±355.2 b
R₄	255.4±1.5 a	122.8±2.0 c	85.75±0.96 bc	36.44±0.83 a	11 408.2±192.8 b
R₅	230.2±1.9 c	127.7±0.7 b	83.07±0.24 d	36.64±0.80 a	10 706.9±179.1 c
平均 Average	238.8±0.2	127.8±0.4	86.34±0.58	36.55±0.23	11 083.5±44.3
N₂
R₀	226.3±0.5 d	116.2±0.6 d	90.98±0.78 a	36.13±0.18 a	9 491.2±168.6 d
R₁	258.4±3.9 a	136.9±0.7 b	85.35±1.18 c	34.03±0.61 c	11 914.9±99.9 ab
R₂	255.3±1.2 ab	142.4±1.5 c	87.39±0.86 b	34.49±0.26 c	12 015.4±26.2 a
R₃	236.0±6.0 c	140.6±6.3 a	87.64±1.24 b	35.41±0.43 ab	11 704.6±22.9 b
R₄	251.9±1.2 b	129.8±1.1 a	87.22±1.82 b	35.84±1.05 ab	11 696.9±32.8 b
R₅	226.4±1.6 d	139.9±0.7 a	83.96±0.48 d	34.76±0.09 bc	10 999.2±78.6 c
平均 Average	242.4±1.7	134.3±0.9	87.09±0.20	35.11±0.16	11 303.7±30.3
F值 F value
N	14.43^*	75.51^*	2.95	436.12^**	125.34^**
R	107.37^**	83.02^**	36.75^**	1.75	184.32^**
N×R	12.68^**	7.30^**	3.28^*	2.82^*	2.79^*

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 P_n/(μmol·m^-2s^-1)				气孔导度 G_s/(mol·m^-2s^-1)
处理 Treatment	齐穗期 FHS		齐穗后15 d 15 d after FHS	齐穗后30 d 30 d after FHS	齐穗期 FHS	齐穗后15 d 15 d after FHS	齐穗后30 d 30 d after FHS
N₁
R₀	18.31±0.30 e	15.34±0.25 d	11.38±0.06 c	0.73±0.01 e		0.45±0.00 c	0.22±0.01 d
R₁	22.74±0.16 b	19.43±0.46 a	15.26±0.24 a	1.04±0.04 b		0.84±0.02 a	0.56±0.04 a
R₂	23.89±0.39 a	19.47±0.33 a	15.28±0.21 a	1.15±0.01 a		0.88±0.03 a	0.49±0.01 b
R₃	21.21±0.67 c	18.48±0.42 ab	15.08±0.17 a	0.96±0.06 c		0.67±0.08 b	0.49±0.02 b
R₄	21.47±0.35 c	18.53±0.10 ab	15.20±0.13 a	0.98±0.14 bc		0.68±0.04 b	0.51±0.01 b
R₅	20.35±0.32 d	17.24±0.38 c	13.64±0.31 b	0.84±0.02 d		0.60±0.02 b	0.35±0.01 c
平均 Average	21.33±0.12	18.08±0.08	14.31±0.08	0.95±0.03		0.69±0.02	0.44±0.01
N₂
R₀	18.31±0.30 e	15.34±0.25 e	11.38±0.06 d	0.73±0.01 e		0.45±0.00 d	0.22±0.01 e
R₁	23.77±0.96 ab	18.43±1.25 ab	17.15±1.03 a	0.93±0.03 d		0.81±0.16 ab	0.55±0.00 a
R₂	24.46±0.17 a	18.73±0.95 a	17.34±0.72 a	1.11±0.01 ab		0.51±0.01 cd	0.47±0.02 c
R₃	21.67±0.73 d	17.48±1.63 bc	12.37±0.71 c	1.03±0.01 bc		0.84±0.15 a	0.51±0.00 b
R₄	23.65±0.73 b	17.16±0.09 c	14.94±0.36 b	1.13±0.10 a		0.71±0.08 b	0.48±0.02 bc
R₅	22.77±0.13 c	16.25±0.08 d	12.69±1.52 c	1.00±0.07 cd		0.59±0.03 c	0.42±0.00 d
平均 Average	22.44±0.15	17.23±0.31	14.31±0.48	0.99±0.00		0.65±0.01	0.44±0.00
F值F value
N	572.79^**	18.17^*	0.00	5.89		33.33^*	0.79
R	86.96^**	22.75^**	65.24^**	28.38^**		16.68^**	225.38^**
N×R	5.08^**	0.61	14.30^**	4.58^**		7.38^**	5.43^**
处理 Treatment	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i/(μmol·mol^-1)				表观叶肉导度 AMC/(mmol·m^-2s^-1)
处理 Treatment	齐穗期 FHS		齐穗后15 d 15 d after FHS	齐穗后30 d 30 d after FHS	齐穗期 FHS	齐穗后15 d 15 d after FHS	齐穗后30 d 30 d after FHS
N₁
R₀	320.3±0.0 a	336.9±4.9 a	347.5±9.8 a	57.17±0.92 e		45.52±0.09 d	32.77±0.77 e
R₁	312.4±1.0 c	315.7±0.6 c	313.1±2.1 c	72.81±0.74 b		61.53±1.56 a	46.27±1.48 c
R₂	310.8±0.4 c	311.8±2.0 c	306.8±4.3 c	76.89±1.36 a		62.46±1.32 a	49.81±0.76 a
R₃	315.5±1.4 b	324.7±2.1 b	327.8±2.7 b	67.22±1.86 c		56.92±1.58 b	48.17±0.85 b
R₄	312.5±1.6 c	324.2±3.5 b	330.0±5.5 b	68.71±1.32 c		57.15±0.33 b	46.37±0.13 c
R₅	315.6±0.6 b	330.6±1.2 a	339.7±1.9 a	64.50±1.12 d		52.13±1.35 c	40.15±1.06 d
平均 Average	314.5±0.3	324.0±0.4	327.5±0.4	67.88±0.39		55.95±0.26	43.93±0.27
N₂
R₀	320.3±0.0 a	336.9±4.9 a	347.5±9.8 a	57.17±0.92 d		45.52±0.09 c	32.77±0.77 c
R₁	297.1±1.3 d	293.3±0.5 d	312.7±3.5 bc	80.01±2.90 ab		62.82±4.15 a	54.82±2.69 a
R₂	299.2±0.5 d	296.4±1.4 cd	304.7±13.0 c	81.73±0.72 a		63.20±3.48 a	57.04±4.79 a
R₃	306.0±2.9 b	314.3±2.3 b	313.3±3.9 bc	70.82±3.05 c		55.58±4.79 b	39.50±2.77 c
R₄	302.9±0.2 c	298.5±5.3 c	310.6±12.2 bc	78.09±2.38 b		57.50±0.72 b	48.16±3.06 b
R₅	293.4±6.7 e	292.4±9.0 d	320.4±5.5 b	77.61±1.35 b		55.61±1.94 b	39.65±5.42 c
平均 Average	303.2±1.9	305.3±0.8	318.2±2.5	74.24±0.81		56.70±1.10	45.32±1.65
F值 F value
N	79.99^*	7350.34^**	61.05^*	186.73^**		1.19	1.73
R	57.47^**	49.79^**	21.53^**	114.34^**		41.82^**	51.76^**
N×R	20.44^**	14.41^**	2.26	10.11^**		0.67	8.79^**

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 P_n/(μmol·m^-2s^-1)				气孔导度 G_s/(mol·m^-2s^-1)
处理 Treatment	齐穗期 FHS		齐穗后15 d 15 d after FHS	齐穗后30 d 30 d after FHS	齐穗期 FHS	齐穗后15 d 15 d after FHS	齐穗后30 d 30 d after FHS
N₁
R₀	18.31±0.30 e	15.34±0.25 d	11.38±0.06 c	0.73±0.01 e		0.45±0.00 c	0.22±0.01 d
R₁	22.74±0.16 b	19.43±0.46 a	15.26±0.24 a	1.04±0.04 b		0.84±0.02 a	0.56±0.04 a
R₂	23.89±0.39 a	19.47±0.33 a	15.28±0.21 a	1.15±0.01 a		0.88±0.03 a	0.49±0.01 b
R₃	21.21±0.67 c	18.48±0.42 ab	15.08±0.17 a	0.96±0.06 c		0.67±0.08 b	0.49±0.02 b
R₄	21.47±0.35 c	18.53±0.10 ab	15.20±0.13 a	0.98±0.14 bc		0.68±0.04 b	0.51±0.01 b
R₅	20.35±0.32 d	17.24±0.38 c	13.64±0.31 b	0.84±0.02 d		0.60±0.02 b	0.35±0.01 c
平均 Average	21.33±0.12	18.08±0.08	14.31±0.08	0.95±0.03		0.69±0.02	0.44±0.01
N₂
R₀	18.31±0.30 e	15.34±0.25 e	11.38±0.06 d	0.73±0.01 e		0.45±0.00 d	0.22±0.01 e
R₁	23.77±0.96 ab	18.43±1.25 ab	17.15±1.03 a	0.93±0.03 d		0.81±0.16 ab	0.55±0.00 a
R₂	24.46±0.17 a	18.73±0.95 a	17.34±0.72 a	1.11±0.01 ab		0.51±0.01 cd	0.47±0.02 c
R₃	21.67±0.73 d	17.48±1.63 bc	12.37±0.71 c	1.03±0.01 bc		0.84±0.15 a	0.51±0.00 b
R₄	23.65±0.73 b	17.16±0.09 c	14.94±0.36 b	1.13±0.10 a		0.71±0.08 b	0.48±0.02 bc
R₅	22.77±0.13 c	16.25±0.08 d	12.69±1.52 c	1.00±0.07 cd		0.59±0.03 c	0.42±0.00 d
平均 Average	22.44±0.15	17.23±0.31	14.31±0.48	0.99±0.00		0.65±0.01	0.44±0.00
F值F value
N	572.79^**	18.17^*	0.00	5.89		33.33^*	0.79
R	86.96^**	22.75^**	65.24^**	28.38^**		16.68^**	225.38^**
N×R	5.08^**	0.61	14.30^**	4.58^**		7.38^**	5.43^**
处理 Treatment	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i/(μmol·mol^-1)				表观叶肉导度 AMC/(mmol·m^-2s^-1)
处理 Treatment	齐穗期 FHS		齐穗后15 d 15 d after FHS	齐穗后30 d 30 d after FHS	齐穗期 FHS	齐穗后15 d 15 d after FHS	齐穗后30 d 30 d after FHS
N₁
R₀	320.3±0.0 a	336.9±4.9 a	347.5±9.8 a	57.17±0.92 e		45.52±0.09 d	32.77±0.77 e
R₁	312.4±1.0 c	315.7±0.6 c	313.1±2.1 c	72.81±0.74 b		61.53±1.56 a	46.27±1.48 c
R₂	310.8±0.4 c	311.8±2.0 c	306.8±4.3 c	76.89±1.36 a		62.46±1.32 a	49.81±0.76 a
R₃	315.5±1.4 b	324.7±2.1 b	327.8±2.7 b	67.22±1.86 c		56.92±1.58 b	48.17±0.85 b
R₄	312.5±1.6 c	324.2±3.5 b	330.0±5.5 b	68.71±1.32 c		57.15±0.33 b	46.37±0.13 c
R₅	315.6±0.6 b	330.6±1.2 a	339.7±1.9 a	64.50±1.12 d		52.13±1.35 c	40.15±1.06 d
平均 Average	314.5±0.3	324.0±0.4	327.5±0.4	67.88±0.39		55.95±0.26	43.93±0.27
N₂
R₀	320.3±0.0 a	336.9±4.9 a	347.5±9.8 a	57.17±0.92 d		45.52±0.09 c	32.77±0.77 c
R₁	297.1±1.3 d	293.3±0.5 d	312.7±3.5 bc	80.01±2.90 ab		62.82±4.15 a	54.82±2.69 a
R₂	299.2±0.5 d	296.4±1.4 cd	304.7±13.0 c	81.73±0.72 a		63.20±3.48 a	57.04±4.79 a
R₃	306.0±2.9 b	314.3±2.3 b	313.3±3.9 bc	70.82±3.05 c		55.58±4.79 b	39.50±2.77 c
R₄	302.9±0.2 c	298.5±5.3 c	310.6±12.2 bc	78.09±2.38 b		57.50±0.72 b	48.16±3.06 b
R₅	293.4±6.7 e	292.4±9.0 d	320.4±5.5 b	77.61±1.35 b		55.61±1.94 b	39.65±5.42 c
平均 Average	303.2±1.9	305.3±0.8	318.2±2.5	74.24±0.81		56.70±1.10	45.32±1.65
F值 F value
N	79.99^*	7350.34^**	61.05^*	186.73^**		1.19	1.73
R	57.47^**	49.79^**	21.53^**	114.34^**		41.82^**	51.76^**
N×R	20.44^**	14.41^**	2.26	10.11^**		0.67	8.79^**

处理 Treatment	叶面积指数 LAI		齐穗期高效叶面积指数 High effective LAI at full heading stage	齐穗期高效叶面积率 High effective leaf area rate at full heading stage /%	拔节-齐穗光合势 Photosynthetic potential at jointing-full heading /(×10⁴m²d·hm^-2)	拔节-齐穗群体生长率 Crop growth rate at jointing-full heading /(g·m^-2d^-1)
处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing stage		齐穗期高效叶面积指数 High effective LAI at full heading stage			齐穗期 Full heading stage
N₁
R₀	2.37±0.45 b	3.21±0.13 d	2.04±0.08 e	63.52±0.14 f	94.76±8.01 c	20.89±0.38 b
R₁	3.83±0.63 a	4.49±0.45 bc	3.38±0.34 bc	75.30±0.06 b	141.51±10.89 b	24.64±0.91 a
R₂	4.10±0.59 a	6.13±0.64 a	4.64±0.48 a	75.83±0.04 a	173.89±20.91 a	25.64±0.44 a
R₃	4.40±0.37 a	4.98±0.87 b	3.67±0.64 b	73.60±0.06 c	159.53±20.63 a	22.09±0.49 b
R₄	4.06±0.34 a	4.22±0.43 bc	2.90±0.29 cd	68.71±0.07 d	140.74±12.93 b	22.37±0.18 b
R₅	3.90±0.53 a	4.14±0.29 c	2.82±0.20 d	68.09±0.14 e	136.71±12.77 b	20.84±0.62 b
平均 Average	3.78±0.18	4.53±0.28	3.24±0.20	70.84±0.03	141.19±7.63	22.75±0.34
N₂
R₀	2.37±0.45 c	3.21±0.13 c	2.04±0.08 c	63.52±0.14 d	94.76±8.01 c	20.89±0.38 bc
R₁	4.25±0.56 ab	7.69±1.31 a	4.90±0.84 a	63.72±0.04 c	203.03±16.94 a	23.43±6.68 ab
R₂	4.32±0.49 ab	7.87±0.69 a	5.02±0.44 a	63.79±0.03 c	207.16±18.34 a	24.26±2.75 a
R₃	4.68±0.49 a	5.11±0.71 b	3.63±0.51 b	70.92±0.02 a	166.46±7.39 b	21.28±4.12 bc
R₄	4.19±0.40 ab	5.09±0.09 b	3.61±0.06 b	70.83±0.09 a	157.91±5.58 b	20.08±4.39 c
R₅	4.06±0.27 b	5.13±0.67 b	3.48±0.45 b	67.71±0.12 b	156.25±15.52 b	19.68±2.35 c
平均 Average	3.98±0.38	5.68±0.17	3.78±0.12	66.75±0.06	164.26±3.52	21.60±3.25
F值 F value
N	2.99	21.73^*	9.15	9683.17^**	57.24^*	0.32
R	21.53^**	24.62^**	28.45^**	7356.86^**	32.51^**	3.56^*
N×R	0.19	5.04^**	2.60	8108.31^**	3.70^*	3.37^*