播种方式和播种密度对杂交籼稻机插秧节本增效的研究

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探索机插杂交籼稻稀播育秧秧苗生长特性、栽插质量、产量与效益特点。方法以F优498和Ⅱ优498的种子为材料开发并优选条播器后,采用两因素裂区设计,播种方式为主区,播种量为副区。结果条播播种均匀度优势明显,24行条播规格效果最佳。播种14 d后,秧苗开始产生分蘖芽,播后17至23 d是分蘖芽发生速率最快时期。随播种密度的增加,成苗率、干物质积累量、根冠比、秧苗充实度、N积累量、分蘖芽发生率、发根力、漏插率都呈降低趋势,同时有效穗数增加,每穗粒数减少,产量先增加后降低。条播相对于散播,秧苗整体素质较好,易形成壮秧,产量较高。结论投入与产出综合分析,采用条播方式,播种密度为50 g/盘时,秧苗群体密度和个体优势之间能得到较好的协调,产投比最高。

关键词: 机插, 杂交稻, 条播, 稀播, 产量, 经济效益

Abstract:

【Objective】 Our purpose is to investigate the rice seedling growth characteristic, quality of transplanting, rice yield and economic benefits of sparse seeding in indica hybrid rice. 【Method】 The seeds of F you 498 and Ⅱ you 498 were used as materials to develop and chose the optimal drilling seeding machine, then a two-factor split-plot field experiment was conducted with seeding method as main plot and seeding quantity as sub-plot. 【Results】 The results showed that sowing in drill was contributive to unifrom growth of seedings with 24 lines being the best. The rice seedlings under sparse seeding began to grow tiller 14 days after seeding with the growth rate of tiller peaking between 17-23 days after seeding. With the increasing seeding density, seedling rate, dry matter accumulation, root shoot ratio, grain plumpness, N accumulation quantity, the percentage of tiller occurrence, rooting ability and leakage rate showed a tendency of decreasing. At the same time, the number of productive panicles increased, the grain number per panicle decreased and the grain yield increased at first and then decreased. The seedling quality under drill seeding was better than broadcast seeding, under which the seeds grew into strong seedlings and had a higher grain yield. 【Conclusion】 By comprehensively comparing cost and output, the drill seeding at the seeding rate of 50g/disc had a good coordination between seedling population density and individual advantage and the input-output ratio was the highest and had a higher economic benefit.

Key words: mechanical transplanting, hybrid rice, drilling seeding, sparse seeding, yield, economic efficiency

中图分类号:

胡剑锋, 杨波, 周伟, 张培培, 张强, 李培程, 任万军, 杨文钰. 播种方式和播种密度对杂交籼稻机插秧节本增效的研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(1): 81-90.

Jianfeng HU, Bo YANG, Wei ZHOU, Peipei ZHANG, Qiang ZHANG, Peicheng LI, Wanjun REN, Wenyu YANG. Effect of Seeding Method and Density on the Benefit of Mechanical Transplanting in indica Hybrid Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(1): 81-90.

图/表 8

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每工作行程插秧机秧爪取秧次数 N₁	每回合秧爪取秧宽度 d₁/cm	条插行数 N₂	秧苗行距 d₂ /cm	导种槽宽度 d₃/cm	粒长 L/cm
18	1.56	18	1.56	0.78-1.56	0.57-0.64
20	1.40	20	1.40	0.70-1.40
26	1.20	26	1.08	0.54-1.08
24	1.10	24	1.17	0.58-1.17

每工作行程插秧机秧爪取秧次数 N₁	每回合秧爪取秧宽度 d₁/cm	条插行数 N₂	秧苗行距 d₂ /cm	导种槽宽度 d₃/cm	粒长 L/cm
18	1.56	18	1.56	0.78-1.56	0.57-0.64
20	1.40	20	1.40	0.70-1.40
26	1.20	26	1.08	0.54-1.08
24	1.10	24	1.17	0.58-1.17

粒型与播种密度 Seed shape and seeding density /(g·plate^-1)	机条播A₂					机散播 A₁	人工撒播 A₃
粒型与播种密度 Seed shape and seeding density /(g·plate^-1)	18行 18 lines			20行 20 lines	24行 24 lines	26行 26 lines	平均 Average
长粒型(长/宽>2.7)Long-grain type(Length/Width>2.7)
50	85.98 bB	88.04 bB	96.60 aA	86.81 bB	89.36 aA	77.07 bB	72.27 cB
75	88.07 bB	89.81 bAB	94.17 aA	87.95 bB	90.00 aA	84.14 bB	78.88 cB
100	86.35 bA	86.04 bA	90.81 aA	88.00 abA	87.80 aA	87.52 aA	87.29 aA
平均 Average	86.80 bB	87.96 bB	93.86 aA	87.58 bB	89.05 aA	82.91 bAB	79.48 cB
圆粒型(长/宽<2.2) Cirdllar grain type(Length/Width<2.2)
50	87.17 bcB	90.51 bAB	94.55 aA	85.51 cB	89.43 aA	79.58 bB	74.49 cB
75	94.28 aA	94.97 aA	96.27 aA	93.82 aA	94.83 aA	92.01 aA	83.27 bB
100	92.99 aA	93.84 aA	96.27 aA	93.82 aA	94.23 aA	93.27 aA	92.03 aA
平均 Average	91.48 bA	93.11 abA	95.69 aA	91.05 bA	92.83 aA	88.29 bAB	83.26 cB

粒型与播种密度 Seed shape and seeding density /(g·plate^-1)	机条播A₂					机散播 A₁	人工撒播 A₃
粒型与播种密度 Seed shape and seeding density /(g·plate^-1)	18行 18 lines			20行 20 lines	24行 24 lines	26行 26 lines	平均 Average
长粒型(长/宽>2.7)Long-grain type(Length/Width>2.7)
50	85.98 bB	88.04 bB	96.60 aA	86.81 bB	89.36 aA	77.07 bB	72.27 cB
75	88.07 bB	89.81 bAB	94.17 aA	87.95 bB	90.00 aA	84.14 bB	78.88 cB
100	86.35 bA	86.04 bA	90.81 aA	88.00 abA	87.80 aA	87.52 aA	87.29 aA
平均 Average	86.80 bB	87.96 bB	93.86 aA	87.58 bB	89.05 aA	82.91 bAB	79.48 cB
圆粒型(长/宽<2.2) Cirdllar grain type(Length/Width<2.2)
50	87.17 bcB	90.51 bAB	94.55 aA	85.51 cB	89.43 aA	79.58 bB	74.49 cB
75	94.28 aA	94.97 aA	96.27 aA	93.82 aA	94.83 aA	92.01 aA	83.27 bB
100	92.99 aA	93.84 aA	96.27 aA	93.82 aA	94.23 aA	93.27 aA	92.03 aA
平均 Average	91.48 bA	93.11 abA	95.69 aA	91.05 bA	92.83 aA	88.29 bAB	83.26 cB

处理 Treatment	秧苗充实度 Dry weight per unit seedling height /(mg·cm^-1)	成苗率 Rate of seedlings /%	盘结力 Root twisting degree /(kg·dm^-2)	发根力 Root- developing ability /cm	百株苗干质量 Dry weight per 100 seedlings/g	百株根干质量 Dry root weight per 100 plants/g	根冠比 Root- shoot rate	N积累量 N accumulation /(mg·plant^-1)	分蘖芽发生率 Percentage of tiller occurrence /%
A1B1	3.01 aA	68.67 a	1.86 b	84.13 aA	5.72 aA	0.809 a	0.14	2.41 aA	70.38 aA
A1B2	2.83 aA	68.42 a	2.05 ab	61.79 bB	5.65 aA	0.814 a	0.14	2.37 aA	36.38 bB
A1B3	2.55 aAB	64.46 b	2.27 a	56.32 cC	4.26 bAB	0.669 ab	0.16	1.76 bAB	26.44 bcBC
A1B4	2.13 bB	64.36 b	2.20 a	55.88 cC	3.93 bB	0.542 b	0.14	1.56 bB	18.12 cC
A2B1	3.55 a	74.67 aA	1.85 bB	87.48 aA	7.15 aA	0.975 a	0.14	3.65 aA	72.44 aA
A2B2	2.96 b	69.60 bAB	2.45 aA	69.15 bB	5.94 abAB	0.754 ab	0.13	2.87 bA	37.59 bB
A2B3	2.61 b	67.37 bB	2.75 aA	58.55 cC	5.17 bB	0.578 b	0.11	1.99 cB	37.59 bB
A2B4	2.97 ab	61.12 cC	2.40 aA	44.32 dD	5.39 bB	0.619 b	0.12	1.97 cB	29.29 bB
F值 F value
播种方式 Method(A)	4.37	29.82^*	10.92	0.04	25.32^*	0.10	5.42	25.68^*	2.82
播种密度 Density(B)	6.77^**	14.83^**	8.34^**	89.42^**	6.90^**	3.40	0.11	16.84^**	30.92^**
A×B	0.38	4.21^*	1.34	6.38^**	0.70	0.58	0.77	2.29	0.64