PopulationGrowthCharacteristics and Cultivation Strategies of Mechanically Transplanted Rice in Late Seeding and Planting Conditions

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.9139

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】It is of great importance to knowthe long-term special application value of mechanically transplanted rice in late seeding and planting conditions.【Method】Anexperiment was conducted in southern Jiangsu to analyze the yield performance and population growthcharacteristics of mechanically transplanted rice in late seeding and planting conditions. Further, the impact of cultivation measures on population development and yield of mechanically transplanted rice in late seeding and planting conditions was analyzed at different plantingdensitiesand panicle-promoting fertilizer application level.【Result】Due to the decrease in the number of panicleand grain number per panicle, and slightly-affected seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight,the yield of mechanically transplanted rice in late seeding and planting conditions decreased to some extent. peak seedling number of mechanically transplanted rice in late seeding and planting conditions was relatively advanced, and the productive tiller percentage decreased significantly. The accumulation and translocationof assilimateswere affected to some extent. NSC accumulation in the stem and sheath decreased during heading stage, and the export rate and conversion rate instem and sheath also showed a downward trend. It can be seen that there was an inevitable disadvantage in production and yield formation of the mechanically transplanted rice in late seeding and late planting conditions. By increasing the density, the number of panicleper unit area increased significantly, the performance of above-ground dry matter accumulation increased, and the yield increased significantly. Atthe same density, with the increase of the nitrogen application level of panicle-promotingfertilizer, the yield first increased and then decreased. However, seed setting, excessive panicle-promotingfertilizer application was not conducive to the dry matter accumulation of mechanically transplanted rice in late seeding and planting conditions. The combination of higher density with the appropriate level of panicle-promoting fertilizer could increase the percentage of productive tillers, and maintain the leaf activity during seed setting and good production capacity in the middle and late phases.【Conclusion】With higher transplanting density, the late seeded and mechanically transplanted rice can gain strong growth momentum at early growth stage and favorable population quality.The unproductive tiller number decreasesby reducing fertilizer application in the middle and late growth stages so as to achieve relatively high yield and production efficiency.

Key words: rice, machine-transplanted, late seeding and planting, yield, dry matter accumulation, panicle-promotingfertilizer

摘要： 目的探究水稻机械化移栽应用中长期存在的晚播晚栽机插稻的特殊应用价值,方法在苏南设置大田试验,分析了晚播晚栽机插水稻的产量表现及其群体生产特征,并设置密度和穗肥施用处理,解析栽培措施对晚播晚栽机插水稻群体发育和产量形成的影响。结果机插水稻晚播晚栽产量出现一定程度的下降,主要原因是单位面积穗数和每穗粒数降低。晚播晚栽机插稻群体高峰苗出现时间相对前移,茎蘖成穗率则明显下降。同化物质积累和运转均受到一定影响,抽穗期茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物积累下降,茎鞘物质输出率和转换率也呈下降趋势。可见,晚播晚栽机插水稻存在物质生产和产量形成的必然劣势。增加栽植密度,单位面积穗数显著增加,干物质积累量上升,产量明显提高。在同一密度条件下,随着穗肥施氮量水平的提高,产量表现为先上升后下降的趋势,过多穗肥施用不利于晚播晚栽机插稻结实期的物质积累。较高密度配合适宜水平的穗肥施用,可提

关键词: rice, machine-transplanted, late seeding and planting, yield, dry matter accumulation, panicle-promotingfertilizer

Jingtao QIU, Xiaojia REN, Tianhao JIANG, GUXueyi, Zujian ZHANG. PopulationGrowthCharacteristics and Cultivation Strategies of Mechanically Transplanted Rice in Late Seeding and Planting Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(1): 47-58.

仇景涛, 任晓佳, 蒋天昊, 顾雪怡, 张祖建. 晚播晚栽机插水稻群体生长特征及其调控策略[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(1): 47-58.

Figures/Tables 13

References 32

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年份 Year	播期处理 Seeding treatment	穗数 Panicle number /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Filled-grain percentage/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)
2016	NS	326.88 a	139.4 a	90.0 a	25.73 a	8.96 a
2016	LS	320.60 b	137.4 b	89.7 a	25.60 a	8.60 b
2017	S1	368.96 a	137.0 a	90.8 a	26.19 a	10.21 a
	S2	366.46 b	135.7 a	90.7 a	26.15 a	10.03 b
	S3	365.96 c	131.9 b	90.7 a	26.14 a	9.73 c

年份 Year	播期处理 Seeding treatment	穗数 Panicle number /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Filled-grain percentage/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)
2016	NS	326.88 a	139.4 a	90.0 a	25.73 a	8.96 a
2016	LS	320.60 b	137.4 b	89.7 a	25.60 a	8.60 b
2017	S1	368.96 a	137.0 a	90.8 a	26.19 a	10.21 a
	S2	366.46 b	135.7 a	90.7 a	26.15 a	10.03 b
	S3	365.96 c	131.9 b	90.7 a	26.14 a	9.73 c

年份 Year	密度 Density	穗肥 Panicle promoting fertilizer	每1hm²穗数 Panicle number /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Filled-grain percentage/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)
2016	LD	P0	247.88 c	112.4 b	88.8 c	25.38 b	5.34 b
		P1	252.16 b	136.2 a	89.2 b	25.84 a	6.72 c
		P2	260.76 a	139.5 a	89.3 a	26.08 a	7.20 a
		P3	262.22 a	139.1 a	88.1 d	25.86 a	7.06 a
	MD	P0	301.41 c	111.0 c	88.2 c	25.32 c	6.35 d
		P1	311.75 b	128.8 b	89.8 a	25.43 bc	7.79 c
		P2	320.60 a	137.4 a	89.7 a	25.60 ab	8.60 a
		P3	321.26 a	135.3 a	88.7 b	25.68 a	8.42 b
	HD	P0	352.45 b	111.2 d	87.9 a	25.06 d	7.34 d
		P1	365.71 a	129.8 a	87.9 a	26.25 a	9.32 a
		P2	364.61 a	126.0 b	86.8 b	25.86 b	8.76 b
		P3	364.33 a	122.7 c	85.7 c	25.66 c	8.36 c
2017	LD	P0	294.05 ab	127.5 bc	89.7 b	26.05 b	7.44 b
		P1	298.82 a	128.1 b	90.3 ab	26.35 a	7.74 ab
		P2	303.58 a	132.8 a	91.4 a	26.57 a	8.33 a
		P3	289.29 ab	125.6 c	89.0 b	26.04 b	7.16 b
	MD	P0	344.87 ab	125.2 c	88.9 c	26.06 a	8.50 c
		P1	362.10 ab	128.1 b	89.8 b	26.10 a	9.24 ab
		P2	365.96 a	131.9 a	90.7 a	26.14 a	9.73 a
		P3	360.58 ab	122.6 c	88.5 c	25.88 a	8.60 bc
	HD	P0	425.77 ab	114.1 ab	87.9 b	25.90 b	9.40 b
		P1	433.77 ab	117.4 a	88.6 a	26.01 a	9.98 a
		P2	438.43 a	117.4 a	87.7 b	26.07 a	10.00 a
		P3	433.44 ab	112.2 b	87.1 c	25.70 c	9.25 b

年份 Year	密度 Density	穗肥 Panicle promoting fertilizer	每1hm²穗数 Panicle number /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Filled-grain percentage/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)
2016	LD	P0	247.88 c	112.4 b	88.8 c	25.38 b	5.34 b
		P1	252.16 b	136.2 a	89.2 b	25.84 a	6.72 c
		P2	260.76 a	139.5 a	89.3 a	26.08 a	7.20 a
		P3	262.22 a	139.1 a	88.1 d	25.86 a	7.06 a
	MD	P0	301.41 c	111.0 c	88.2 c	25.32 c	6.35 d
		P1	311.75 b	128.8 b	89.8 a	25.43 bc	7.79 c
		P2	320.60 a	137.4 a	89.7 a	25.60 ab	8.60 a
		P3	321.26 a	135.3 a	88.7 b	25.68 a	8.42 b
	HD	P0	352.45 b	111.2 d	87.9 a	25.06 d	7.34 d
		P1	365.71 a	129.8 a	87.9 a	26.25 a	9.32 a
		P2	364.61 a	126.0 b	86.8 b	25.86 b	8.76 b
		P3	364.33 a	122.7 c	85.7 c	25.66 c	8.36 c
2017	LD	P0	294.05 ab	127.5 bc	89.7 b	26.05 b	7.44 b
		P1	298.82 a	128.1 b	90.3 ab	26.35 a	7.74 ab
		P2	303.58 a	132.8 a	91.4 a	26.57 a	8.33 a
		P3	289.29 ab	125.6 c	89.0 b	26.04 b	7.16 b
	MD	P0	344.87 ab	125.2 c	88.9 c	26.06 a	8.50 c
		P1	362.10 ab	128.1 b	89.8 b	26.10 a	9.24 ab
		P2	365.96 a	131.9 a	90.7 a	26.14 a	9.73 a
		P3	360.58 ab	122.6 c	88.5 c	25.88 a	8.60 bc
	HD	P0	425.77 ab	114.1 ab	87.9 b	25.90 b	9.40 b
		P1	433.77 ab	117.4 a	88.6 a	26.01 a	9.98 a
		P2	438.43 a	117.4 a	87.7 b	26.07 a	10.00 a
		P3	433.44 ab	112.2 b	87.1 c	25.70 c	9.25 b

密度 Density	穗肥Panicle promoting fertilizer
密度 Density	P0	P1	P2	P3
LD	69.55 a	70.98 a	71.31 a	70.89 a
MD	69.12 a	70.78 a	71.01 a	70.63 a
HD	67.74 b	68.83 b	68.84 b	68.06 b