Effects of Rhizosphere Oxygen Concentration on Nutrient Uptake and Root Morphology of Rice at Tillering Stage

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001G7216.2015.06.008

Abstract

Abstract:

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of rhizosphere oxygen concentration on rice seedling biomass, nutrient absorption and accumulation, and root morphology with Xiushui 09 and Chunyou 84 as material. With an online dissolved oxygen meter, four dissolved oxygen ( DOTs ) levels were set including low oxygen concentration(DOT 0 to 1.0 mg/L), medium oxygen concentration(DOT 2.5 to 3.5 mg/L), high oxygen concentration( DOT >6 mg/L, continuous bubbling with atmospheric air) and control (conventional hydroponics, without oxygen regulation). The results showed that compared with the control, the root, shoot and total dry weights increased by 30.30%, 32.96% and 32.46% for Xiushui 09 and by 7.01%, 1.77% and 9.17% for Chunyou 84, respectively under the medium oxygen concentration; under high oxygen contentration, the root, shoot and total dry weights decreased by 35.35%, 15.62% and 17.76% for Xiushui 09 and by 43.95%, 18.92% and 21.34% for Chunyou 84, respectively. The root to shoot ratios increased under low oxygen treatment. The total absorption and accumulation of N, P, K, Mn, Mg and Ca increased under the medium oxygen treatment, and the total absorption and accumulation of Fe, Cu and Zn increased under the low oxygen treatment. The root tip numbers, length and surface area, the proportion of fine roots also increased and the coarse root decreased under the medium oxygen treatment. Under the medium oxygen treatment, the proportion of fine roots increased, which contributes to nutrient uptake. This might be one of the main reasons for the increase in some element concentrations. The biomass, nutrient concentration, and accumulation, and root morphology obviously varied with cultivar.

Key words: rhizosphere oxygen concentration, rice, cultivar, nutrient element, root morphology

摘要：

以秀水09和春优84为材料,利用在线溶氧仪(氧气、氮气调节)设置4个氧浓度(低氧,0~1 mg/L;中氧,2.5~3.5 mg/L;高氧,>6 mg/L,即饱和溶解氧处理,在水稻生长过程中用充气泵连续向水体中充入空气;CK,常规水培,不进行氧调节),研究根际氧浓度对水稻幼苗生物量、养分吸收、积累以及根系形态的影响,探讨根际氧浓度变化情况下两个水稻品种幼苗养分吸收、积累和根系形态的差异。结果表明,与O₂浓度正常水平(对照)相比,中氧处理增加两个水稻品种幼苗根系、茎叶和总生物量。秀水09分别增加30.30%、32.96%和32.46%;春优84分别增加7.01%、1.77%和9.17%;高氧处理减少两个水稻品种幼苗根系、茎叶和总生物量,秀水09分别减少35.35%、15.62%和17.76%;春优84分别减少43.95%,18.92%和21.34%。低氧处理增加供试品种的根冠比。中氧处理增加两个水稻品种的N、P、K、Mn、Mg和Ca的吸收累积总量,低氧处理增加其Fe、Cu和Zn的吸收累积总量。中氧处理增加两个供试品种幼苗根系总根长、表面积、总根尖数和细根比例,降低幼苗粗根比例,有利于水稻幼苗对养分的吸收,使部分营养元素含量增加。同时,中氧处理对水稻幼苗生物量、养分吸收、积累、分配和根系形态的影响存在显著品种差异。

关键词: 根际氧浓度, 水稻, 品种, 营养元素, 根系形态

Chun-mei XU, Tao XIE, Dan-ying WANG, Song CHEN, Cheng-lin JI, Xiu-fu ZHANG, Qing-hua SHI. Effects of Rhizosphere Oxygen Concentration on Nutrient Uptake and Root Morphology of Rice at Tillering Stage[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(6): 619-627.

徐春梅, 谢涛, 王丹英, 陈松, 计成林, 章秀福, 石庆华. 根际氧浓度对水稻分蘖期养分吸收和根系形态的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(6): 619-627.

Figures/Tables 9

References 28

[1]	刘桃菊, 戚昌瀚, 唐建军.水稻根系建成与产量及其构成关系的研究. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(11):1416-1419.
[2]	蔡昆争, 骆世明, 段舜山. 水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系. 华南农业大学学报, 2003, 24(3):1-4.
[3]	朱德峰, 林贤青, 曹卫星. 水稻深层根系对生长和产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2001, 35(4):1416-1419.
[4]	孙静文, 陈温福, 臧春明, 等. 水稻根系研究进展. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2002, 33(6):466-470.
[5]	Smith S, Smet I D.Root system architecture: Insights from Arabidopsis and cereal.Philosoph Tran Royal Soc B, 2012,367:1441-1452.
[6]	Lynch J P.Root architecture and plant productivity.Plant Physiol, 1995, 109:7-13.
[7]	Ma Z, Walk T C, Marcus A, et al.P. Morphological synergism in root hair length, density, initiation and genometry for phosphorus acquisition in Arabidopsis thaliana: A modeling approach.Plant Soil, 2001,236:221-225.
[8]	王丹英, 韩勃, 章秀福, 等. 水稻根际氧含量对根系生长的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34(5):803-808.
[9]	韩勃. 增氧条件下水稻根系及地上部生长特性研究. 扬州:扬州大学, 2007.
[10]	Fitter A H.Characteristics and functions of root systems//Waisel Y, Eshel E, Kafkafi U. Plant Roots, the Hidden half 2nded. New York,USA:Dekker,1996:1-20.
[11]	牛耀芳, 宗晓波, 都韶婷, 等. 大气CO2浓度升高对植物根系形态的影响及其调控机理. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(1):240-260.
[12]	李素梅, 施卫明. 不同氮形态对两种基因型水稻根系形态及氮吸收效率的影响. 土壤, 2007, 39(4):589-593.
[13]	Liesack W, Schnell S, Revsbech N P.Microbiology of flooded rice paddies.FEMS Microbiol Rev, 2000,24:625-645.
[14]	褚光, 杨凯鹏, 王静超, 等. 水稻根系形态与生理研究进展. 安徽农业科学, 2012, 40(9):5097-5101.
[15]	赵锋, 王丹英, 徐春梅, 等. 根际增氧模式的水稻形态、生理及产量响应特征. 作物学报, 2010, 36(2):303-312.
[16]	赵锋, 王丹英, 徐春梅, 等. 水稻氧营养的生理、生态机制及环境效应研究进展. 中国水稻科学, 2009, 23(4):335-341.
[17]	徐春梅, 王丹英, 陈松, 等. 增氧对水稻根系生长与氮代谢的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2012, 26(3):320-324.
[18]	Colmer D T, Cox C H, Voesenek L A.Root aeration in rice (Oryza sativa): Evaluation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethylene as possible regulators of root acclimatizations.New Phytologist, 2006, 170: 767-778.
[19]	Jackson M B, Colmer T D.Response and adaptation by plants to flooding stress.Annal Bot, 2005, 96: 501-505.
[20]	赵锋, 张卫健, 章秀福, 等. 连续增氧对不同基因型水稻分蘖期生长和氮代谢酶活性的影响. 作物学报, 2012, 38(2):344-351.
[21]	陈改苹, 朱建国, 谢祖彬, 等. 开放式空气CO2浓度升高对水稻根系形态的影响. 生态环境, 2005, 14(4):503-507.
[22]	李中阳, 宋正国, 樊向阳, 等. CO2浓度升高对不同水稻品种幼苗养分吸收和根系形态的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(1):20-25.
[23]	Jia Z J, Cai Z C, Xu H.Effect of rice plants on CH4 production, transport,oxidation and emission in rice paddy soil.Plant Soil, 2001, 23(1):211-221.
[24]	何胜德, 林贤青, 朱德峰. 杂交水稻根际供氧对土壤氧化还原电位和产量的影响. 杂交水稻, 2006, 21(3):78-80.
[25]	Weis J S, Weis P.Metal uptake,transport and release by wetland plants:Implications for phytoremediation and restoration,Environ Inter, 2004, 30: 685-700.
[26]	Armstrong J, Armstrong W.Rice and phragmites:Effects of organic acids on growth,root permeability,and radial oxygen loss to the rhizosphere.Amer J Bot, 2001, 88: 1359-1370.
[27]	戢林, 李廷轩, 张锡洲, 等. 氮高效利用基因型水稻根系形态和活力特征. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(23):4770-4781.
[28]	Salgado E, Cautin R.Avocado root distribution in fine and coarse-textures soils under drip and microsprinkler irrigation. Agric Water Manag, 2008, 95: 817-824.

品种与处理 Variety and treatment	分蘖数 Tiller number per plant	根系干质量 Dry root weight per hill/g	茎叶干质量 Dry shoot weight hill/g	根冠比 Root/shoot ratio	总生物量 Total weight per hill/g
秀水09 Xiushui 09
对照 Control	5.17±0.24 d	0.99±0.09 b	8.13±0.11 c	0.12±0.001 bc	9.12±0.07 d
低氧 Low oxygen	4.78±0.51 d	1.27±0.02 a	8.55±0.35 c	0.15±0.002 a	9.68±0.14 d
中氧 Middle oxygen	6.22±0.19 b	1.29±0.07 a	10.81±1.27 b	0.12±0.014 bc	12.08±1.27 c
高氧 High oxygen	6.00±0.03 c	0.64±0.07c	6.86±0.35 d	0.10±0.014 d	7.50±0.40 e
春优84 Chunyou 84
对照 Control	6.89±0.69 b	1.57±0.13 a	14.69±0.65 a	0.11±0.013 cd	16.26±0.55 b
低氧 Low oxygen	5.67±0.58 c	1.68±0.10 a	13.91±1.39 a	0.12±0.014 bc	15.59±1.40 b
中氧 Middle oxygen	8.11±1.64 a	1.68±0.16 a	14.95±0.05 a	0.11±0.010 cd	17.75±0.19 a
高氧 High oxygen	7.33±1.15 ab	0.88±0.18 b	11.91±0.69 b	0.08±0.009 d	12.79±0.69 c

品种与处理 Variety and treatment	分蘖数 Tiller number per plant	根系干质量 Dry root weight per hill/g	茎叶干质量 Dry shoot weight hill/g	根冠比 Root/shoot ratio	总生物量 Total weight per hill/g
秀水09 Xiushui 09
对照 Control	5.17±0.24 d	0.99±0.09 b	8.13±0.11 c	0.12±0.001 bc	9.12±0.07 d
低氧 Low oxygen	4.78±0.51 d	1.27±0.02 a	8.55±0.35 c	0.15±0.002 a	9.68±0.14 d
中氧 Middle oxygen	6.22±0.19 b	1.29±0.07 a	10.81±1.27 b	0.12±0.014 bc	12.08±1.27 c
高氧 High oxygen	6.00±0.03 c	0.64±0.07c	6.86±0.35 d	0.10±0.014 d	7.50±0.40 e
春优84 Chunyou 84
对照 Control	6.89±0.69 b	1.57±0.13 a	14.69±0.65 a	0.11±0.013 cd	16.26±0.55 b
低氧 Low oxygen	5.67±0.58 c	1.68±0.10 a	13.91±1.39 a	0.12±0.014 bc	15.59±1.40 b
中氧 Middle oxygen	8.11±1.64 a	1.68±0.16 a	14.95±0.05 a	0.11±0.010 cd	17.75±0.19 a
高氧 High oxygen	7.33±1.15 ab	0.88±0.18 b	11.91±0.69 b	0.08±0.009 d	12.79±0.69 c

品种与处理 Variety and treatment	总根长 Total root length /cm	根系总表面积 Total surface area /cm²	根体积 Root volume /cm³	平均根粗 Average root diameter/mm	总根尖数 Total root tip mumber
秀水09 Xiushui 09
对照 Control	1193.8±90.0 g	124.95±14.46 g	1.05±0.18 f	0.33±0.02 a	11751.0±310.0 g
低氧Low oxygen	1808.9±140.8 e	171.83±6.27 e	1.34±0.07 de	0.30±0.02 b	17155.7±411.9 f
中氧 Middle oxygen	2110.9±69.07 d	193.75±3.77 d	1.43±0.02 d	0.29±0.01 b	28201.3±844.1 d
高氧 High oxygen	1436.3±25.85 f	116.18±2.10 g	0.75±0.04 g	0.26±0.02 c	16854.3±874.6 f
春优84 Chunyou84
对照 Control	3613.5±24.69 b	333.48±15.32 b	2.48±0.33 b	0.30±0.02 b	52293.0±646.7 b
低氧 Low oxygen	3094.6±134.94 c	270.73±12.39 c	1.89±0.10 c	0.28±0.02 b	37148.7±345.8 c
中氧 Middle oxygen	4055.0±20.91 a	374.51±9.89 a	2.79±0.02 a	0.30± 0.06 b	64777.0±332.0 a
高氧 High oxygen	1412.8±60.18 f	146.60± 13.32 f	1.15±0.11 ef	0.33±0.01 a	21825.0±302.2 e

品种与处理 Variety and treatment	总根长 Total root length /cm	根系总表面积 Total surface area /cm²	根体积 Root volume /cm³	平均根粗 Average root diameter/mm	总根尖数 Total root tip mumber
秀水09 Xiushui 09
对照 Control	1193.8±90.0 g	124.95±14.46 g	1.05±0.18 f	0.33±0.02 a	11751.0±310.0 g
低氧Low oxygen	1808.9±140.8 e	171.83±6.27 e	1.34±0.07 de	0.30±0.02 b	17155.7±411.9 f
中氧 Middle oxygen	2110.9±69.07 d	193.75±3.77 d	1.43±0.02 d	0.29±0.01 b	28201.3±844.1 d
高氧 High oxygen	1436.3±25.85 f	116.18±2.10 g	0.75±0.04 g	0.26±0.02 c	16854.3±874.6 f
春优84 Chunyou84
对照 Control	3613.5±24.69 b	333.48±15.32 b	2.48±0.33 b	0.30±0.02 b	52293.0±646.7 b
低氧 Low oxygen	3094.6±134.94 c	270.73±12.39 c	1.89±0.10 c	0.28±0.02 b	37148.7±345.8 c
中氧 Middle oxygen	4055.0±20.91 a	374.51±9.89 a	2.79±0.02 a	0.30± 0.06 b	64777.0±332.0 a
高氧 High oxygen	1412.8±60.18 f	146.60± 13.32 f	1.15±0.11 ef	0.33±0.01 a	21825.0±302.2 e

品种与处理 Variety and treatment	氮 N									钾 K
品种与处理 Variety and treatment	根 Root			茎 Stem		叶 Leaf	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf
秀水09 Xiuxhui 09
对照 Control	2.37±0.17 a	2.28±0.017 bc	3.66±0.014 cd		0.68±0.05 cd	0.98±0.01b	0.67±0.02 c		2.74±0.06 ab		5.48±0.19 bc	3.08 ±0.03 a
低氧 Low oxygen	2.17±0.20 b	2.27±0.001 bc	3.65±0.012 d		0.95±0.10 a	0.99±0.08 b	0.64±0.05 c		2.10±0.09 bc		5.11±0.13 c	2.82±0.03 b
中氧 Middle oxygen	2.04±0.18 c	2.30±0.022 b	3.83±0.005 bc		0.80±0.07 bc	1.07±0.05 ab	0.78±0.01 b		2.59±0.43 abc		5.63±0.50 b	3.09±0.12 a
高氧 High oxygen	2.13±0.10 bc	2.16±0.028 c	3.72± 0.001 bcd		0.79±0.08 bc	1.14±0.05 a	0.89±0.07 a		1.97±0.17 c		5.33±0.04 bc	2.67±0.01 b
春优84 Chunyou84
对照 Control	2.10±0.20 bc	2.40±0.004 ab	4.01±0.016 a		0.65±0.10 c	1.04±0.04 ab	0.62±0.07 c		2.86±0.73 a		6.16±0.07 a	2.82±0.02 b
低氧 Low oxygen	1.93±0.27 d	2.39±0.001 ab	3.85±0.015 ab		0.58±0.01 de	1.03±0.01 ab	0.63±0.03 c		2.71±0.10 ab		6.10±0.34 a	2.82±0.10 b
中氧 Middle oxygen	2.06±0.05 c	2.44±0.037 a	4.02±0.005 a		0.52±0.06 de	1.08 ±0.12ab	0.67±0.01 c		2.87±0.13 a		6.35±0.13 a	2.79±0.04 b
高氧 High oxygen	2.13±0.06bc	2.34±0.014 ab	3.86±0.002 ab		0.58±0.02 e	1.06±0.02 ab	0.65±0.06 c		2.42±0.08 abc		6.30±0.03 a	2.78±0.17 b