Abstract: Based on the data from 25-year rice anther culture breeding and contemporary conventional breeding in cold region, their selection efficiency were compared. Rate of new lines provided to yield trials is l6. 94% for anther culture breeding, l. 49 times that of the conventional breeding; and the rate of improved variety obtained from anther culture is o. 93%, 3. 32 times comparing with that from conventional breeding. Analysis of some traits of plants and rice variety cultivated area indicated that anther culture has the same ideal selection effects as that of conventional breeding, but has higher selection efficlency.

Key words: anther culture, breeding efficiency, breeding methods, cold tolerance, rice

摘要： 对25年寒地水稻花培育种与同期常规育种统计资料进行了比较分析。经花培入选的产量鉴定新品系的选择效率为16.94%，是同期常规新品系选择效率11.34%的1.49倍；经花培育成的审定品种的选择效率为0.93%，是同期常规育成审定品种选择效率0.28%的3.32倍。从花培育成品种的推广种植面积与常规育成品种比较分析，花培育种与常规育种有同样好的选择效果。

关键词: 花药培养, 育种方法, 育种效率, 耐冷性