我国常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用40个SSR标记，分析了329份我国近50年来常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异。结果显示，39个SSR标记具有多态性，在多态性位点共检测到223个等位基因，每个位点2～11个，平均57个；平均Nei基因多样性指数（He）为0632。籼粳亚种间的SSR变异差异明显，籼稻平均等位基因数（Na）和Nei基因多样性指数（Na = 54，He = 0440）均高于粳稻品种（Na = 44，He = 0397）。Nei遗传相似系数表明总体样本具有较小的遗传相似度（I = 0366），而骨干亲本具有较高的遗传相似度（籼:I = 0590；粳:I = 0590）。这导致了籼粳亚种内较高的遗传一致性（籼:I = 0558；粳:I = 0600）。早、中、晚稻各类型遗传相似度差异明显，晚籼和早粳类型具有较高的遗传变异。籼粳稻品种尤其是粳稻的聚类结果显示出较强的季节型和地域特征。这些均提示育种家应选择更广泛的亲本源以拓宽选育品种的遗传基础。

关键词: 水稻, 主栽品种, 微卫星标记, 遗传相似性

Abstract: A total of 40 SSR markers were used to assess the genetic variation in 329 Chinese major inbred rice varieties planted during the past 50 years. Of the 40 SSR loci, 39 were polymorphic while one locus (RM479) was monomorphic. All the 39 polymorphic loci revealed a total of 223 alleles. The mean number of alleles per locus (Na) was 5.7 with a range from 2 to 11. Total genetic diversity index of Nei (He) varied greatly among loci from 0.221 at RM174 to 0.873 at RM418, with an average value of 0.632. There existed visible difference in SSR allelic diversity between indica and japonica subspecies. Indica showed more variation than japonica both for Na (indica: 5.4; japonica: 4.4) and He (indica: 0.440; japonica: 0.397). The whole set of Chinese major rice varieties had smaller genetic identity (I = 0.366 ) than that of indica （I=0.558) and japonica rice (I=0.600). The narrow genetic base within subspecies was mainly due to the close relationship among primary parents in breeding programs. The differences among three season types were obvious in Nei′s genetic identity indexes, of which lateseason indica rice and earlyseason japonica rice had higher genetic variation. Cluster analysis indicated that the genetic distances between Chinese major rice varieties were season type and rice regiondependant, especially in japonica rice. Therefore, it is suggested that more alien elite genetic resources should be exploited in the rice breeding for broadening the genetic base of Chinese rice varieties.

Key words: rice, major inbred varieties, simple sequence repeats, genetic identity

魏兴华, 袁筱萍, 余汉勇, 王一平, 徐群, 汤圣祥.

我国常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异分析

[J]. 中国水稻科学 2009,23(3): 237-244 . .

WEI Xinghua,YUAN Xiaoping,YU Hanyong,WANG Yiping,XU Qun,TANG Shengxiang. SSR Analysis of Genetic Variation in Chinese Major Inbred Rice Varieties [J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science 2009,23(3): 237-244 ..

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