硅锌肥及其施用方式对南粳46产量和稻米品质的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220805

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】比较硅锌肥及其施用方式对南粳46稻米产量和品质的影响，为调优栽培提供参考依据。【方法】以优良食味粳稻品种南粳46为材料，倒4叶期土壤追施和孕穗期(抽穗前5~7 d)叶面喷施硅肥和锌肥，设置土壤追施硅肥(Si-B)、土壤追施锌肥(Zn-B)、土壤追施硅肥+叶面喷施硅肥(Si-B+Si-L)、土壤追施锌肥+叶面喷施锌肥(Zn-B+Zn-L)、土壤追施硅肥+土壤追施锌肥(Si-B+Zn-B)、叶面喷施硅肥(Si-L)、叶面喷施锌肥(Zn-L)、叶面喷施硅肥+叶面喷施锌肥(Si-L+Zn-L)8个处理，以不施硅锌肥(CK)为对照，调查分析不同处理对南粳46籽粒产量及其构成因素、加工品质、外观品质、食味品质和香味物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)含量的影响。【结果】施用硅锌肥对南粳46均有明显的增产作用，增幅为0.8%~11.9%，增产的原因主要是增加了每穗粒数和千粒重，而对穗数和结实率没有明显影响。施用硅肥使糙米率和精米率下降，施用锌肥则使糙米率和精米率增加，施用硅肥和锌肥都可使整精米率提高，施用锌肥提高整精米率的效果比施用硅肥更明显。硅锌肥对直链淀粉含量和RVA特征值的影响随处理不同而异，但施用硅锌肥可以提高崩解值，降低消减值，使胶稠度显著增加，食味值明显提高，稻米2-AP含量显著增加，香味明显变浓。【结论】倒4叶期土壤追施硅肥与孕穗期叶面喷施锌肥相结合，既可增加南粳46的产量，又能提高整精米率和食味品质，增加香味。

关键词: 水稻, 硅肥, 锌肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】It is important to clarify the effects of silicon and zinc fertilizer and their application methods on rice quality and grain yield of Nanjing 46.【Method】Nine fertilizer application treatments were designed, including soil topdressing of silicon fertilizer (Si-B), soil topdressing of zinc fertilizer (Zn-B), soil topdressing of silicon fertilizer + foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer (Si-B+Si-L), soil topdressing of zinc fertilizer + foliar spraying of zinc fertilizer (Zn-B+Zn-L), soil topdressing of silicon fertilizer + soil topdressing of zinc fertilizer (Si-B+Zn-B), foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer (Si-L), foliar spraying of zinc fertilizer (Zn-L), foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer + foliar spraying of zinc fertilizer (Si-L+Zn-L), and no silicon and zinc fertilizer application (CK). The soil topdressing was conducted during last 4-leaf stage and the foliar spraying was conducted during the booting stage (5－7 days before heading). We evaluated the effects of different treatments on the grain yield and its components, processing quality, appearance quality, eating quality and the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content of Nanjing 46.【Result】The silicon and zinc fertilizer application obviously increased grain yield of Nanjing 46 with the increasing range of 0.8－11.9%, which resulted from the increase of 1000-grain weight and the number of grains per panicle. The silicon fertilizer application decreased the rates of brown rice and milled rice, while the zinc fertilizer increased the rates of brown rice and milled rice. The silicon and zinc fertilizers could increase the head rice rate, with the latter being more influential. The effects of silicon and zinc fertilizers on the amylose content and RVA profile values varied with treatments, but the silicon and zinc fertilizers could increase the breakdown viscosity, reduce the setback viscosity, increase the gel consistency, the 2-AP content and aroma, improve the taste value.【Conclusion】Soil topdressing of silicon fertilizer and foliar spraying of zinc fertilizer could increase not only the grain yield, but also the head rice rate, aroma and eating quality of Nanjing 46.

Key words: rice, silicon fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, yield, rice quality

魏晓东, 宋雪梅, 赵凌, 赵庆勇, 陈涛, 路凯, 朱镇, 黄胜东, 王才林, 张亚东. 硅锌肥及其施用方式对南粳46产量和稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(3): 295-306.

WEI Xiaodong, SONG Xuemei, ZHAO Ling, ZHAO Qingyong, CHEN Tao, LU Kai, ZHU Zhen, HUANG Shengdong, WANG Cailin, ZHANG Yadong. Effects of Silicon and Zinc Fertilizer and Their Application Ways on Yield and Grain Quality of Rice Variety Nanjing 46[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(3): 295-306.

图/表 12

参考文献 42

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变异来源 Source of variance	自由度 df	穗数 PN	每穗粒数 NSP	结实率 SSR/%	千粒重 GW/g	产量 GY
重复Repetition	2	1.87	0.62	0.78	0.23	0.86
年份 Year	1	2.48	0.44	0.01	0.52	1.66
处理Treatment	8	1.84	4.35^**	0.93	8.04^**	8.10^**
年份×处理 Year×Treatment	8	0.94	1.28	0.65	1.07	0.98

变异来源 Source of variance	自由度 df	穗数 PN	每穗粒数 NSP	结实率 SSR/%	千粒重 GW/g	产量 GY
重复Repetition	2	1.87	0.62	0.78	0.23	0.86
年份 Year	1	2.48	0.44	0.01	0.52	1.66
处理Treatment	8	1.84	4.35^**	0.93	8.04^**	8.10^**
年份×处理 Year×Treatment	8	0.94	1.28	0.65	1.07	0.98

处理 Treatment	穗数 PN/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 NSP	千粒重 GW/g	结实率 SSR/%	产量 GY/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	410.5	125.7 c	25.7 b	93.4	8656.3 d
Si-B	376.3	136.0 b	26.6 b	94.2	8966.3 bcd
Si-L	401.9	123.7 c	25.6 b	93.9	8840.9 cd
Zn-B	410.5	117.2 c	26.3 b	93.7	8728.6 d
Zn-L	350.6	142.0 b	26.5 b	93.3	8848.4 cd
Si-B+Si-L	367.7	146.2 ab	27.8 a	95.5	9682.6 a
Zn-B+Zn-L	359.2	153.9 a	25.6 b	93.2	9085.0 abcd
Si-B+Zn-B	367.7	141.6 b	26.4 b	94.8	9548.0 ab
Si-L+Zn-L	359.2	150.3 a	26.2 b	94.0	9364.3 abc

处理 Treatment	穗数 PN/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 NSP	千粒重 GW/g	结实率 SSR/%	产量 GY/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	410.5	125.7 c	25.7 b	93.4	8656.3 d
Si-B	376.3	136.0 b	26.6 b	94.2	8966.3 bcd
Si-L	401.9	123.7 c	25.6 b	93.9	8840.9 cd
Zn-B	410.5	117.2 c	26.3 b	93.7	8728.6 d
Zn-L	350.6	142.0 b	26.5 b	93.3	8848.4 cd
Si-B+Si-L	367.7	146.2 ab	27.8 a	95.5	9682.6 a
Zn-B+Zn-L	359.2	153.9 a	25.6 b	93.2	9085.0 abcd
Si-B+Zn-B	367.7	141.6 b	26.4 b	94.8	9548.0 ab
Si-L+Zn-L	359.2	150.3 a	26.2 b	94.0	9364.3 abc

处理比较 Comparison between treatments	每穗粒数 NSP	千粒重 GW/g	产量 GY/(kg·hm^-2)
Si-Zn－0Si-Zn	13.2^*	0.6	476.7^*
Si－Zn	−2.4	0.6	275.9
Si-B－Zn-B	18.8^**	0.3	237.7
Si-L－Zn-L	−18.3^**	−0.8^*	−7.5
(Si-B+Si-L)－(Zn-B+Zn-L)	−7.7^*	2.2^**	597.6^**
B－L	−7.0^*	0.4	63.1
Si-B－Si-L	12.3^*	1.0^*	125.4
Zn-B－Zn-L	−24.8^**	−0.1	−119.8
(Si-B+Zn-B)－(Si-L+Zn-L)	−8.6^*	0.3	183.7