水稻重金属镉吸收和转运的分子遗传机制研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.9040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

镉是对人体健康具有高度毒害作用的重金属元素之一。人体摄入镉的主要来源是食用镉超标的稻米,因此研究水稻对镉吸收、转运、积累的遗传机制尤为重要。目前,虽然水稻镉积累的遗传通路尚未完全明晰,但已明确了一些重要基因在稻米镉积累过程中的调控作用。本文就镉胁迫对水稻的危害、水稻品种间镉积累量的变异、水稻镉积累相关QTL、水稻镉吸收转运相关基因的研究进展及其育种利用加以综述,探讨了未来研究的方向。

关键词: 水稻, 镉, 镉吸收, 镉转运, 分子遗传机制

Abstract:

Cadmium is one of the heavy metals with serious toxicity to human health. The main source of cadmium in the human body is the consumption of rice with high levels of cadmium. Therefore, it is important to clarify the genetic mechanism of cadmium uptake, transport and accumulation in rice. So far, although the genetic pathway of cadmium accumulation has not been fully clarified in rice, the regulatory role of some genes in cadmium accumulation has been testified. Here, we briefly summarize the harm of cadmium stress on rice, the variation of cadmium accumulation among rice varieties, QTLs associated with cadmium accumulation in rice, genes related to cadmium absorption and transport, and application of them in rice breeding. Perspectives and research contents in the future were also advanced.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa), cadmium, absorption, transportation, molecular genetic mechanism

中图分类号:

丁仕林, 刘朝雷, 钱前, 高振宇. 水稻重金属镉吸收和转运的分子遗传机制研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(5): 383-390.

Shilin DING, Chaolei LIU, Qian QIAN, Zhenyu GAO. Research Advances on Molecular Genetic Mechanism for Cadmium Absorption and Transportation in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(5): 383-390.

图/表 2

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性状 Character	数量性状位点 QTL	染色体 Chromosome	参考文献 Reference
地上部镉含量 Shoot Cd concentration	qCd4-1	4	[26]
	qCd4-2	4	[26]
	qCdT7	7	[30]
	qCDS7	7	[37]
	scc10	10	[40]
	qCd11	11	[20]
地下部镉含量 Root Cd concentration	qCDR6.1	6	[37]
	qCDR6.2	6	[37]
叶片中镉含量 Leaf Cd concentration	CAL1	1	[38]
糙米镉含量 Brown rice Cd concentration	qCd-2	2	[41]
	qCdc3	3	[24]
	qCd3	3	[35]
	qlGCd3	3	[42]
	gcc3	3	[40]
	qCdc4	4	[24]
	qCdc6	6	[24]
	qCd5.1	5	[35]
	qCd5.2	5	[35]
	gcc9	9	[40]
	gcc11	11	[40]

性状 Character	数量性状位点 QTL	染色体 Chromosome	参考文献 Reference
地上部镉含量 Shoot Cd concentration	qCd4-1	4	[26]
	qCd4-2	4	[26]
	qCdT7	7	[30]
	qCDS7	7	[37]
	scc10	10	[40]
	qCd11	11	[20]
地下部镉含量 Root Cd concentration	qCDR6.1	6	[37]
	qCDR6.2	6	[37]
叶片中镉含量 Leaf Cd concentration	CAL1	1	[38]
糙米镉含量 Brown rice Cd concentration	qCd-2	2	[41]
	qCdc3	3	[24]
	qCd3	3	[35]
	qlGCd3	3	[42]
	gcc3	3	[40]
	qCdc4	4	[24]
	qCdc6	6	[24]
	qCd5.1	5	[35]
	qCd5.2	5	[35]
	gcc9	9	[40]
	gcc11	11	[40]

基因符号 Gene symbol	主要表达部位 Main expression organ	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	功能 Function	参考文献 Reference
OsHMA2	根、茎节 Root, Node	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉在木质部的装载 Regulation of cadmium loading in xylem	[52-53]
OsHMA3	根 Root	液泡膜 Tonoplast	将镉从细胞质转运至液泡中 Transportation of cadmium from cytoplasm to vacuoles	[31-32]
OsHMA9	花药、叶片 Anther, Leaf	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉在木质部的装载 Regulation of cadmium loading in xylem	[57]
OsIRT1	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	参与根系对镉的吸收 Participation of cadmium absorption by roots	[45]
OsIRT2	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	参与根系对镉的吸收 Participation of cadmium absorption by roots	[44]
OsNRAMP1	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	参与镉在中柱和木质部装载 Participation of cadmium loading in stele and xylem	[46]
OsNRAMP5	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉转运进入维管束 Regulation of cadmium transport into vascular bundles	[47-48]
LCD	根、叶片 Root, Leaf	细胞质、细胞核 Cytoplasm, nucleus	调控韧皮部镉转运 Regulation of cadmium transport in phloem	[58]
OsMTP1	根、叶 Root, Leaf	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	将镉外排到细胞间隙 Excretion of cadmium to intercellular space	[59]
OsPDR5	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	参与镉的转运 Participation of cadmium transport	[61]
OsPCR1	根、节间、穗 Root, internodes, panicle	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控水稻金属离子稳态和粒重 Regulation of metal ion homeostasis and grain weight	[60]
OsCCX2	茎节 Node	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉在木质部的装载 Regulation of cadmium loading in xylem	[54]
CAL1	根、叶鞘、节间 Root, leaf sheath, internode	细胞壁 Cell wall	调控镉在叶片中的积累 Regulation of cadmium accumulation in leaves	[38]
OsLCT1	茎节 Node	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉向籽粒的运输 Regulation of cadmium transport to grains	[55-56]

基因符号 Gene symbol	主要表达部位 Main expression organ	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	功能 Function	参考文献 Reference
OsHMA2	根、茎节 Root, Node	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉在木质部的装载 Regulation of cadmium loading in xylem	[52-53]
OsHMA3	根 Root	液泡膜 Tonoplast	将镉从细胞质转运至液泡中 Transportation of cadmium from cytoplasm to vacuoles	[31-32]
OsHMA9	花药、叶片 Anther, Leaf	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉在木质部的装载 Regulation of cadmium loading in xylem	[57]
OsIRT1	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	参与根系对镉的吸收 Participation of cadmium absorption by roots	[45]
OsIRT2	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	参与根系对镉的吸收 Participation of cadmium absorption by roots	[44]
OsNRAMP1	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	参与镉在中柱和木质部装载 Participation of cadmium loading in stele and xylem	[46]
OsNRAMP5	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉转运进入维管束 Regulation of cadmium transport into vascular bundles	[47-48]
LCD	根、叶片 Root, Leaf	细胞质、细胞核 Cytoplasm, nucleus	调控韧皮部镉转运 Regulation of cadmium transport in phloem	[58]
OsMTP1	根、叶 Root, Leaf	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	将镉外排到细胞间隙 Excretion of cadmium to intercellular space	[59]
OsPDR5	根 Root	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	参与镉的转运 Participation of cadmium transport	[61]
OsPCR1	根、节间、穗 Root, internodes, panicle	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控水稻金属离子稳态和粒重 Regulation of metal ion homeostasis and grain weight	[60]
OsCCX2	茎节 Node	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉在木质部的装载 Regulation of cadmium loading in xylem	[54]
CAL1	根、叶鞘、节间 Root, leaf sheath, internode	细胞壁 Cell wall	调控镉在叶片中的积累 Regulation of cadmium accumulation in leaves	[38]
OsLCT1	茎节 Node	细胞质膜 Plasma membrane	调控镉向籽粒的运输 Regulation of cadmium transport to grains	[55-56]