DNA甲基化抑制剂5-氮脱氧胞苷对水稻基因组甲基化及幼苗生长发育的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.9001

中国水稻科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 108-117.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.9001

DNA甲基化抑制剂5-氮脱氧胞苷对水稻基因组甲基化及幼苗生长发育的影响

邓卉¹, 鄂志国², 牛百晓¹, 王磊², 陈忱^1,^*()

¹扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室/江苏省作物基因组学与分子育种重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
²中国水稻研究所水稻生物学重点实验室, 杭州 311401

收稿日期:2019-01-01 修回日期:2019-01-15 出版日期:2019-03-10 发布日期:2019-03-10
通讯作者: 陈忱
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31571623, 31771744);植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室开放课题资助项目(ML201805)

Influence of DNA Methylation Inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine on DNA Methylation and Seedling Development of Rice

Hui DENG¹, Zhiguo E², Baixiao NIU¹, Lei WANG², Chen CHEN^1,^*()

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
²State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China

Received:2019-01-01 Revised:2019-01-15 Online:2019-03-10 Published:2019-03-10
Contact: Chen CHEN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】DNA甲基化是高等植物中普遍存在的一种表观修饰形式,其在调节基因表达、维持基因组稳定以及调控植物生长发育等方面发挥重要作用。本研究拟对基因组甲基化如何影响水稻发育进行解析。【方法】利用DNA甲基化抑制剂5-氮脱氧胞苷(AZA, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine)处理水稻幼苗,研究DNA甲基化抑制剂对水稻幼苗生长发育及相关基因表达的影响。【结果】AZA处理后水稻基因组甲基化水平下降、植株发育迟缓,但种子萌发并不受AZA处理的影响;DNA和组蛋白表观修饰相关基因的表达受到AZA处理抑制。此外,防卫反应和光合通路相关基因表达也受到AZA处理的影响,暗示DNA甲基化在这些基因的表达调控中可能发挥作用。【结论】这些结果表明AZA是一种有效的DNA甲基化抑制剂,AZA处理可以破坏水稻基因组甲基化水平的正常状态,从而影响水稻的正常发育。

关键词: DNA甲基化, 幼苗生长, 基因表达, 水稻

Abstract:

【Objective】 DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification broadly existed in higher plants. DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating gene expression, maintaining the genomic stability and modulating plant development. Here, we used a DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZA), to study how the DNA methylation status influences rice development. 【Method】We applied AZA to the rice seedlings to explore its influence on seedling development. 【Results】AZA-treatment resulted in overall hypomethylation of the rice genome. AZA-treated plants were strikingly shorter than the control, indicating AZA treatment disturbed normal development of the plants. However, the seed germination was not significantly affected. Expression of several key genes involved in DNA methylation could be repressed by AZA treatment. In addition, some genes involving defense and photosynthesis pathways were also down-regulated. 【Conclusion】Our findings confirm that AZA is a potent DNA methylation inhibitor and suggest that to maintain proper DNA methylation status is important for rice development.

Key words: DNA methylation, seedling growth, gene expression, rice

中图分类号:

Q755
S511.01

邓卉, 鄂志国, 牛百晓, 王磊, 陈忱. DNA甲基化抑制剂5-氮脱氧胞苷对水稻基因组甲基化及幼苗生长发育的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(2): 108-117.

Hui DENG, Zhiguo E, Baixiao NIU, Lei WANG, Chen CHEN. Influence of DNA Methylation Inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine on DNA Methylation and Seedling Development of Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(2): 108-117.

图/表 7

表1 本研究所用PCR引物

Table 1 Primers used in the study.

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列(5'-3') Primer sequence(5'-3')	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列(5'-3') Primer sequence(5'-3')
MET1-1-qrt-f	GCATGTGCTTCCATCCTGAG	Lsi6-qrt-f	TTCCCTCCTAACCTCCTCAA
MET1-1-qrt-r	ATCTGCCTGTGCTTGTTCTG	Lsi6-qrt-r	CCTGCGAAGATCGACGTAAT
MET1-2-qrt-f	GCGCCAGTAAACTCCTACTT	LOC_Os07g05360-qrt-f	GTTGATGGGTACAGCCCAATA
MET1-2-qrt-r	CCCAATCCAGCCTACCATAAA	LOC_Os07g05360-qrt-r	GAGTGATTGCCCAGAGAAGTAA
CMT3-qrt-f	ATCTGCCTGTGCTTGTTCTG	LOC_Os07g05365-qrt-f	GCCAGCAAGTATGGAGCTAAT
CMT3-qrt-r	ATCTGCCTGTGCTTGTTCTG	LOC_Os07g05365-qrt-r	AGAGCAACAACCCTGTCTTTC
CMT2-qrt-f	TCAGGTTGTGGTGGCTTTAC	LOC_Os08g40160-qrt-f	CATTCCACAAGACTGGCTGAT
CMT2-qrt-r	CTCTGTGTCTTTGGAGGTTGAG	LOC_Os08g40160-qrt-r	GTGATGGCTACGCTGACATT
DNMT2-qrt-f	GACACCTACATTCCTAACATTGG	LOC_Os10g21192-qrt-f	GATAGCCAAGGTCGCGTTATTA
DNMT2-qrt-r	TCAGCGACATTCAGACTTATTG	LOC_Os10g21192-qrt-r	AGAGGGAAGTTGTGAGCATTAC
DRM2-qrt-f	CGTGCGGCATCTTACTACTGA	LOC_Os10g39880-qrt-f	GAGAGAGAACGCGAAAGTACAA
DRM2-qrt-r	ATCTCGGTGATGGCGGTTG	LOC_Os10g39880-qrt-r	ACCGAACCATCCGATGTAAAG
JIOsPR10-qrt-f	CCTCAGCCATGCCATTCA	LOC_Os07g37030-qrt-f	GCTCGCAGTACAACAACCA
JIOsPR10-qrt-r	CTTGGTGATCTCGTCCTTCAC	LOC_Os07g37030-qrt-r	CCACGGCACGAAGAGAAC
RSOsPR10-qrt-f	GCACTGTCACCACCATGAA	LOC_Os01g64120-qrt-f	CCACGCCGATCACCAATTA
RSOsPR10-qrt-r	CGAGCTCATACTCCACGTTTATC	LOC_Os01g64120-qrt-r	CTGAACCTGCCGGAGAAC
OsPR10a-qrt-f	GCCGCAAGTCATGTCCTAAA	LOC_Os07g30670-qrt-f	CGACAACTACATCGACCTCTAC
OsPR10a-qrt-r	CGAGGTAGTCCTCGATCATCTT	LOC_Os07g30670-qrt-r	AGTTCACCGCCTTCAACTAC
Lsi2-qrt-f	CTGGAGATGTCGGAGAACATAAC	Actin-f	CCAGGTATCGCTGACCGTAT
Lsi2-qrt-r	CCACCTCATCACCCATAAGAAG	Actin-r	GGAAAGTGCTGAGTGAGGCT
Lsi3-qrt-f	CGTTCGGTGTGTTCTGGAT	Tos17methy-f	GTTGATTATAGGGGATGATTTGGAGTATATTGTTT
Lsi3-qrt-r	GCCGAGGAGGAAGGAAATAAA	Tos17methy-r	CATAAAACACAAAACAAATAACCATAATAAACTA

表1 本研究所用PCR引物

Table 1 Primers used in the study.

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列(5'-3') Primer sequence(5'-3')	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列(5'-3') Primer sequence(5'-3')
MET1-1-qrt-f	GCATGTGCTTCCATCCTGAG	Lsi6-qrt-f	TTCCCTCCTAACCTCCTCAA
MET1-1-qrt-r	ATCTGCCTGTGCTTGTTCTG	Lsi6-qrt-r	CCTGCGAAGATCGACGTAAT
MET1-2-qrt-f	GCGCCAGTAAACTCCTACTT	LOC_Os07g05360-qrt-f	GTTGATGGGTACAGCCCAATA
MET1-2-qrt-r	CCCAATCCAGCCTACCATAAA	LOC_Os07g05360-qrt-r	GAGTGATTGCCCAGAGAAGTAA
CMT3-qrt-f	ATCTGCCTGTGCTTGTTCTG	LOC_Os07g05365-qrt-f	GCCAGCAAGTATGGAGCTAAT
CMT3-qrt-r	ATCTGCCTGTGCTTGTTCTG	LOC_Os07g05365-qrt-r	AGAGCAACAACCCTGTCTTTC
CMT2-qrt-f	TCAGGTTGTGGTGGCTTTAC	LOC_Os08g40160-qrt-f	CATTCCACAAGACTGGCTGAT
CMT2-qrt-r	CTCTGTGTCTTTGGAGGTTGAG	LOC_Os08g40160-qrt-r	GTGATGGCTACGCTGACATT
DNMT2-qrt-f	GACACCTACATTCCTAACATTGG	LOC_Os10g21192-qrt-f	GATAGCCAAGGTCGCGTTATTA
DNMT2-qrt-r	TCAGCGACATTCAGACTTATTG	LOC_Os10g21192-qrt-r	AGAGGGAAGTTGTGAGCATTAC
DRM2-qrt-f	CGTGCGGCATCTTACTACTGA	LOC_Os10g39880-qrt-f	GAGAGAGAACGCGAAAGTACAA
DRM2-qrt-r	ATCTCGGTGATGGCGGTTG	LOC_Os10g39880-qrt-r	ACCGAACCATCCGATGTAAAG
JIOsPR10-qrt-f	CCTCAGCCATGCCATTCA	LOC_Os07g37030-qrt-f	GCTCGCAGTACAACAACCA
JIOsPR10-qrt-r	CTTGGTGATCTCGTCCTTCAC	LOC_Os07g37030-qrt-r	CCACGGCACGAAGAGAAC
RSOsPR10-qrt-f	GCACTGTCACCACCATGAA	LOC_Os01g64120-qrt-f	CCACGCCGATCACCAATTA
RSOsPR10-qrt-r	CGAGCTCATACTCCACGTTTATC	LOC_Os01g64120-qrt-r	CTGAACCTGCCGGAGAAC
OsPR10a-qrt-f	GCCGCAAGTCATGTCCTAAA	LOC_Os07g30670-qrt-f	CGACAACTACATCGACCTCTAC
OsPR10a-qrt-r	CGAGGTAGTCCTCGATCATCTT	LOC_Os07g30670-qrt-r	AGTTCACCGCCTTCAACTAC
Lsi2-qrt-f	CTGGAGATGTCGGAGAACATAAC	Actin-f	CCAGGTATCGCTGACCGTAT
Lsi2-qrt-r	CCACCTCATCACCCATAAGAAG	Actin-r	GGAAAGTGCTGAGTGAGGCT
Lsi3-qrt-f	CGTTCGGTGTGTTCTGGAT	Tos17methy-f	GTTGATTATAGGGGATGATTTGGAGTATATTGTTT
Lsi3-qrt-r	GCCGAGGAGGAAGGAAATAAA	Tos17methy-r	CATAAAACACAAAACAAATAACCATAATAAACTA

图1 AZA处理对基因组和转座子Tos17chr7的DNA甲基化的影响 A-基因组DNA甲基化;B-转座子Tos17chr7的甲基化水平;C-转座子Tos17chr7的甲基化模式。

Fig. 1. Effects of AZA treatment on genomic methylation. A, Digestion of the genomic DNA by methylation-sensitive MspⅠ; B, Methylation level of transposons Tos17chr7; C, Methylation pattern of transposons Tos17chr7 detected by bisulfate sequencing.

图2 DNA甲基化酶编码基因在对照和AZA处理的水稻幼苗中的表达情况图中所显示数据为平均值±标准差(n=3)。

Fig. 2. Relative expression level of DNA methylation related genes in AZA-untreated and -treated rice seedlings. Values are Mean±SD(n=3).

图3 AZA处理水稻幼苗的表型分析 A-萌发率动态曲线,图中所显示数据为平均值±标准差(n=50);B-生长2 d后及7 d后植株表型;C-叶片表型;D-叶绿素含量测定,图中所显示数据为平均值±标准差(n=3),**表示差异达0.01显著水平;E-叶绿体结构观察,标尺为0.5 μm。

Fig. 3. Phenotypic analysis of the AZA-treated rice seedlings. A, Germination rate, values are mean±SD(n=50); B, Morphology of AZA treated and untreated plants at 2 days after germination(DAI) and 7DAI; C, Leaves of AZA treated and untreated plants; D, Chlorophyll contents, values are Mean±SD(n=3), **indicates significant difference at 0.01 level; E, Chloroplast structure, bar=0.5 μm.

图5 叶片表型鉴定及硅转运蛋白的相对表达量 A-AZA未处理植株叶片半薄切片,*表示维管束,标尺为200 μm;B-AZA处理植株叶片半薄切片,*表示维管束,标尺为200 μm;C-AZA未处理植株叶片放大;D-AZA处理植株叶片放大;E-叶片表皮细胞观察,标尺为25 μm;F-叶片表皮细胞长度和宽度统计,图中所显示数据为平均值±标准差(n=100),0.01<P值<0.05为显著差异;G-硅转运蛋白相对表达量,图中所显示数据为平均值±标准差(n=3)。

Fig. 5. Leaf phenotype and relative expression level of silicon transporter. A, Semi-thin section of leaf of AZA-untreated plants, *indicate vascular bundle, bar=200 μm; B, Semi-thin section of leaf of AZA-treated plants, *indicate vascular bundle, bar=200 μm; C, Higher magnification view of leaf of AZA-untreated plant; D, Higher magnification view of leaf of AZA-treated plant; E, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the leaf epidermal cells, Bar=25 μm; F, Cell length and width of the leaf epidermal cells, values are mean±SD(n=100); G, Relative expression level of silicon transporter, values are mean±SD(n=3).

图6 病程相关基因的相对表达量和抗性相关激素的含量差异 A-病程相关基因JIOsPR10、RSOsPR10和OsPR10a的相对表达量, 图中所显示数据为平均值±标准差(n=3);B-AZA处理植株和未处理植株的脱落酸、水杨酸及茉莉酸含量, 图中所显示数据为平均值±标准差(n=3)。

Fig. 6. Relative expression level of pathogenesis-related genes and contents of resistance-related hormones. A, Relative expression level of pathogenesis-related genes JIOsPR10, RSOsPR10 and OsPR10a, values are mean±SD(n=3); B, Contents of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid(SA), jasmonic acid(JA) in AZA-untreated and AZA-treated plants, values are mean±SD(n=3).

图4 光合通路相关基因在AZA未处理和AZA处理植株的相对表达量图中所显示数据为平均值±标准差(n=3)。**表示差异达0.01显著水平, ns表示无差异。

Fig. 4. Relative expression level of photosynthetic genes in AZA-untreated and AZA-treated plants. The error bars indicate standard deviations(n=3). **indicates significant difference at 0.01 level; ns indicates no statistical significance.

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DNA甲基化抑制剂5-氮脱氧胞苷对水稻基因组甲基化及幼苗生长发育的影响

Influence of DNA Methylation Inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine on DNA Methylation and Seedling Development of Rice

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[1]	郭展, 张运波. 水稻对干旱胁迫的生理生化响应及分子调控研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(4): 335-349.
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[12]	周甜, 吴少华, 康建宏, 吴宏亮, 杨生龙, 王星强, 李昱, 黄玉峰. 不同种植模式对水稻籽粒淀粉含量及淀粉关键酶活性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(3): 303-315.
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