中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学 ›› 2011, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 447-451.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2011.04.017

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

施磷量对超级稻南粳44产量和品质的影响

龚金龙1, 张洪程1, *,  李杰1, 常勇1, 戴其根1, 霍中洋1, 许轲1, 魏海燕1, 李德剑2, 李炳维2, 沙安勤2, 周有炎2, 罗学超2, 朱镇3   

  1. 1 扬州大学  农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室， 江苏  扬州225009； 2 江苏省兴化市农业局， 江苏  兴化225700； 3江苏省农业科学院 粮食作物研究所， 江苏 南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2010-08-04 修回日期:2010-11-15 出版日期:2011-07-10 发布日期:2011-07-10
  • 基金资助:

    国家粮食丰产科技工程资助项目(2006BAD16B00)；农业部超级稻选育与示范专项资助项目； 江苏省农业自主创新基金资助项目\[CX（10）401\]； 江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目\[CX(10)129\]

Effects of Phosphorus  Levels on Grain Yield and Quality of Super Rice Nanjing 44

GONG Jin-long1  , ZHANG Hong-cheng1, *  , LI Jie1  , CHANG Yong1  , DAI  Qi-gen1  , HUO Zhong-yang1  , XU Ke1 , WEI Hai-yan1 , LI De-jian2  , LI Bing-wei2  , SHA An-qin2  , ZHOU You-yan2 ,LUO Xue-chao2 , ZHU Zhen3   

  1. 1Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2  Bureau of Agriculture of Xinghua City,  Jiangsu Province, Xinghua 225700, China; 3Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
  • Received:2010-08-04 Revised:2010-11-15 Online:2011-07-10 Published:2011-07-10

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摘要： 以超级稻南粳44为材料，研究施磷量对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明，大田基施磷肥(P2O5)  0.0~225.0  kg/hm2，单位面积穗数、每穗粒数随着施磷量的增加而降低，结实率、千粒重则先升后降。各品质指标值与施磷量的相关均未达到显著水平，但施磷能提高糙米率、整精米率、垩白面积、垩白度，降低峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、冷胶黏度和回复值，而精米率、垩白米率、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量、起始糊化温度、消减值和到达峰值黏度时间对磷素的反应不明显。施磷主要是增加垩白面积从而增加垩白度，对垩白面积、垩白度、消减值影响较大，而糙米率、到达峰值黏度时间和起始糊化温度基本不受影响。综合产量和品质性状，水稻生产中应适量施磷(在土壤营养中等或偏上土壤上施85.7 kg/hm2为宜)，过量施用不仅低产低效，还会加重生态污染。

关键词: 水稻, 施磷量, 产量, 品质

Abstract:  Effects of phosphate  levels on grain yield and quality were studied with a  super rice Nanjing 44 as material. With the increasing phosphate(P2O5)  level (within the range of 0.0-225.0 kg/hm2),   seedsetting rate, 1000grain weight    increased firstly and then decreased, while the numbers of panicles  and total grains  per panicle  followed a declining tendency  accordingly. The quality indexes and phosphate  levels were not  significantly correlated, but phosphate fertilizer  application  increased  brown rice rate, head rice rate, chalkiness area and chalkiness degree  and  reduced  peak viscosity, hot  viscosity, breakdown, cool viscosity and consistence. However, milled rice rate, chalky grain rate, protein content,  amylose content, pasting temperature, setback and peak time  were not  significantly correlated  with phosphate  levels. Phosphorus  application increased chalkiness mainly by  increasing chalkiness area. Morever, chalkiness area, chalkiness degree  and setback were  deeply  affected by phosphate level, while brown rice rate, peak time and pasting temperature were almost immune to phosphate level. In consideration of  the grain yield and quality, applicable phosphate level(85.7  kg/hm2   for the soil  with  medium  or  high fertility) was the best choice for high yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Otherwise, it would worsen the ecological environment.

Key words: rice; , phosphate , level, grain yield, grain quality

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