春玉米-晚稻轮作模式的综合效益研究：现状、挑战与展望

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.241213

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

稳定提高粮食产量对保障我国粮食安全至关重要。在耕地面积不断减少和单产增长缓慢的背景下，大力发展春玉米-晚稻轮作模式提高收获频次是增加单位土地面积周年产量的重要途径之一。作为典型的水旱轮作模式，玉米-晚稻系统的周年能量当量产量要高于其他稻作系统，而且该模式下晚稻季的产量水平也要高于一季晚稻。本文介绍了春玉米-晚稻模式的生产现状，全面综述了该轮作模式在土壤理化性质演变、产量和资源利用效率表现以及温室气体排放特征等方面的生产优势，探讨了未来进一步提高玉米-晚稻模式产量及绿色可持续发展的可能途径，以期为该模式的高产技术构建以及生产中的大面积推广提供理论依据。

关键词: 水旱轮作, 产量, 资源利用效率, 温室气体排放, 土壤理化特性

Abstract:

Stable growth in grain production plays a vital role in safeguarding China's food security. Given the continued decline in arable land area and the slow increase in yield per unit area, spring maize-late rice rotation system has emerged as an effective strategy to increase annual productivity through increasing cropping frequency. As a representative paddy-upland rotation system, the maize-rice system demonstrates superior annual energy-equivalent yield compared to other rice-based systems, with the late rice season exhibiting higher yield than the single-cropping late rice system. This work reviewed the current production status of the spring maize-late rice rotation and systematically analyzed its agronomic advantages, including its impacts on soil physicochemical properties, yield stability, resource use efficiency, and greenhouse gas emission patterns. Furthermore, we discuss potential approaches for improving productivity and achieving sustainable development in this rotation system. These findings provide theoretical support for optimizing high-yield cultivation techniques and promoting the large-scale adoption of this cropping pattern.

Key words: paddy-upland rotation, yield, resource use efficiency, greenhouse gas emission, soil physicochemical property

郑林娜, 凌霄霞, 杨显轲, 彭少兵, 黄见良, 熊栋梁. 春玉米-晚稻轮作模式的综合效益研究：现状、挑战与展望[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(3): 281-291.

ZHENG Linna, LING Xiaoxia, YANG Xianke, PENG Shaobing, HUANG Jianliang, XIONG Dongliang. Research on Comprehensive Benefit of Spring Maize-late Rice Rotation System: Current Status, Challenges and Prospects[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(3): 281-291.

图/表 3

图1 春玉米-晚稻和双季稻模式下晚稻季及周年的产量、光能生产效率、积温生产效率和水分生产效率的比较[6,10,13,17,29,34,37,42,48,52,55,62]

Fig. 1. Comparison of yield, solar radiation production efficiency, accumulated temperature production efficiency and water production efficiency during the late rice season and on annual basis between spring maize-late rice and double cropping rice system[6,10,13,17,29,34,37,42,48,52,55,62]

图2 春玉米-晚稻和双季稻模式下周年经济效益的比较[6,37,52,53,55]

Fig. 2. Comparison of annual economic benefits between spring maize-late rice and double cropping rice systems[6,37,52,53,55]

图3 春玉米-晚稻和双季稻模式下晚稻季及周年的CH4、N2O、CO2排放量以及增温潜势的比较[17,34,42,48,52]

Fig. 3. Comparison of CH4 emission, N2O emission, CO2 emission, and global warming potential of late rice season and the whole year between spring maize-late rice and double cropping rice systems[17,34,42,48,52]

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