机插短生育期晚稻产量形成特点与光合特性研究

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250106

中国水稻科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 863-872.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250106

机插短生育期晚稻产量形成特点与光合特性研究

黎星¹^,², 张瑞春³, 陈鸽⁴^,⁵, 解嘉鑫¹^,⁵, 肖正午¹^,⁵, 曹放波¹^,⁵, 陈佳娜¹^,⁵^,^*(), 黄敏¹^,⁵^,^*()

¹湖南农业大学作物生理与分子生物学教育部重点实验室，长沙 410128
²江西省红壤及种质资源研究所耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室，南昌 330046
³衡阳市农业科学院，湖南衡阳 421101
⁴湖南省耕地与农业环境生态研究所，长沙 410125
⁵岳麓山实验室，长沙 410128

收稿日期:2025-01-08 修回日期:2025-04-07 出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-11-19
通讯作者: * email:jianachen@hunau.edu.cn;mhuang@hunau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32001470);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(21B0184);湖南省科技创新计划资助项目(2021RC3088)

Yield Formation and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Machine-transplanted Late-season Rice with Short Growth Duration

LI Xing¹^,², ZHANG Ruichun³, CHEN Ge⁴^,⁵, XIE Jiaxin¹^,⁵, XIAO Zhengwu¹^,⁵, CAO Fangbo¹^,⁵, CHEN Jiana¹^,⁵^,^*(), HUANG Min¹^,⁵^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
²Key Laboratory of Arable Land Improvement and Quality Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 330046, China
³Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang 421101, China
⁴Hunan Cultivated Land and Agricultural Eco-Environment Institute, Changsha 410125, China
⁵Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China

Received:2025-01-08 Revised:2025-04-07 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-11-19
Contact: * email:jianachen@hunau.edu.cn;mhuang@hunau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明机插条件下早稻品种作短生育期晚稻品种栽培时的高产形成特点与叶片光合特性，可为短生育期晚稻品种的选育及其规模化高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2021－2023年在湖南省浏阳市永安镇进行大田试验，以两个在早季种植时产量差异较大的品种中嘉早17和中早39为试验材料，测定二者在晚季机插时的产量及其构成因子、干物质积累特性、叶片光合特性和群体特性等。【结果】中早39三年平均产量比中嘉早17高19.76%，其高产形成的主要特点包括：从产量构成来看，中早39的千粒重比中嘉早17高7.60%；在干物质生产方面，中早39的总干物质量比中嘉早17高12.24%，这主要归因于其抽穗前较强的干物质生产能力。中早39表现出较强的早发特性，其抽穗期叶片光合特性与营养生长期群体质量表现优异，具体而言，抽穗期水稻叶片净光合速率、叶绿素a和b含量、叶绿素总含量、叶片氮含量和比叶重较中嘉早17高10.38%~29.04%，而群体质量指标中抽穗前作物生长速率、光合势、辐射利用率以及抽穗期叶面积指数也较中嘉早17高17.80%~25.95%。【结论】机插条件下，千粒重大、早发性强和抽穗期光合能力强的短生育期晚稻品种更容易获得高产。

关键词: 短生育期晚稻, 规模化, 机插, 干物质量, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the high-yield formation and photosynthetic properties of early-season rice varieties used as short growth duration late-season rice under machine-transplanted conditions. The findings are expected to lay a theoretical basis for breeding short growth duration late-season rice varieties and promoting their large-area, high-yield cultivation. 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023 in Yong'an Town, Liuyang City, Hunan Province. Two early-season varieties, Zhongjiazao 17 and Zhongzao 39, which show significant yield differences, were used as experimental materials. Their yield, yield components, dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, and canopy structure were measured when grown as short growth duration late-season rice under machine-transplanted conditions. 【Result】 Averaged over the three years, the yield of Zhongzao 39 was 19.76% higher than that of Zhongjiazao 17. In terms of yield components, the 1000-grain weight of Zhongzao 39 was significantly higher (by 7.60%) than that of Zhongjiazao 17. Regarding dry matter production, Zhongzao 39 accumulated 12.24% more of total dry matter than Zhongjiazao 17, mainly due to its stronger pre-heading dry matter production capacity. Zhongzao 39 exhibited stronger early vigor, superior leaf photosynthetic performance at heading, and a better canopy structure during the vegetative growth stage. Specifically, at the heading stage, its net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a and b contents, total chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content, and specific leaf weight were 10.38% to 29.04% higher than those of Zhongjiazao 17. Furthermore, canopy structure indicators—including pre-heading crop growth rate, leaf area duration, radiation use efficiency, and leaf area index at heading—were 17.80% to 25.95% higher in Zhongzao 39 than those in Zhongjiazao 17. 【Conclusion】 Under machine-transplanted conditions, short growth duration late-season rice varieties characterized by high 1000-grain weight, strong early vigor, and enhanced photosynthetic capacity at the heading stage demonstrate greater yield potential.

Key words: short-duration late rice, large-area, machine-transplanting, dry matter production, yield

黎星, 张瑞春, 陈鸽, 解嘉鑫, 肖正午, 曹放波, 陈佳娜, 黄敏. 机插短生育期晚稻产量形成特点与光合特性研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(6): 863-872.

LI Xing, ZHANG Ruichun, CHEN Ge, XIE Jiaxin, XIAO Zhengwu, CAO Fangbo, CHEN Jiana, HUANG Min. Yield Formation and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Machine-transplanted Late-season Rice with Short Growth Duration[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(6): 863-872.

图/表 5

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品种 Variety	年份 Year	有效穗数 Effective panicle number per m²	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁴ m^-2)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)	生育期 Growth duration (d)
中嘉早17	2021	331±15 bc	116±10 b	3.83±0.17 c	79±2 ab	27.0±0.4 c	6.89±0.33 b	104
Zhongjiazao 17	2022	448±121 a	101±20 b	4.35±0.38 abc	67±9 bc	27.4±0.2 c	6.36±0.34 b	101
	2023	354±22 ab	111±5 b	3.92±0.14 abc	79±4 ab	24.4±0.6 d	6.94±0.39 b	102
	平均 Mean	377±62 A	109±8 B	4.03±0.28 A	75±7 A	26.3±1.7 B	6.73±0.32 B	102
中早39	2021	291±33 bc	133±5 b	3.85±0.42 bc	84±2 a	28.7±1.0 a	7.78±0.71 a	105
Zhongzao 39	2022	354±26 ab	130±19 b	4.62±0.75 a	73±12 abc	27.6±0.4 bc	8.33±0.05 a	110
	2023	248±17 c	186±35 a	4.59±0.57 ab	62±9 c	28.5±0.5 ab	8.08±0.34a	104
	平均 Mean	298±53 B	150±32 A	4.35±0.43 A	73±11 A	28.3±0.6 A	8.06±0.27 A	106
方差分析 Analysis of variance (F-value)
年份 Year(Y)		6.31^*	4.50^*	3.74^ns	3.93^ns	12.43^**	0.35^ns	——
品种 Variety(V)		9.94^*	18.97^**	2.69^ns	0.26^ns	68.91^**	50.30^**	——
Y× V		0.64^ns	3.64^ns	0.92^ns	3.90^ns	22.48^**	3.02^ns	——

品种 Variety	年份 Year	有效穗数 Effective panicle number per m²	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁴ m^-2)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)	生育期 Growth duration (d)
中嘉早17	2021	331±15 bc	116±10 b	3.83±0.17 c	79±2 ab	27.0±0.4 c	6.89±0.33 b	104
Zhongjiazao 17	2022	448±121 a	101±20 b	4.35±0.38 abc	67±9 bc	27.4±0.2 c	6.36±0.34 b	101
	2023	354±22 ab	111±5 b	3.92±0.14 abc	79±4 ab	24.4±0.6 d	6.94±0.39 b	102
	平均 Mean	377±62 A	109±8 B	4.03±0.28 A	75±7 A	26.3±1.7 B	6.73±0.32 B	102
中早39	2021	291±33 bc	133±5 b	3.85±0.42 bc	84±2 a	28.7±1.0 a	7.78±0.71 a	105
Zhongzao 39	2022	354±26 ab	130±19 b	4.62±0.75 a	73±12 abc	27.6±0.4 bc	8.33±0.05 a	110
	2023	248±17 c	186±35 a	4.59±0.57 ab	62±9 c	28.5±0.5 ab	8.08±0.34a	104
	平均 Mean	298±53 B	150±32 A	4.35±0.43 A	73±11 A	28.3±0.6 A	8.06±0.27 A	106
方差分析 Analysis of variance (F-value)
年份 Year(Y)		6.31^*	4.50^*	3.74^ns	3.93^ns	12.43^**	0.35^ns	——
品种 Variety(V)		9.94^*	18.97^**	2.69^ns	0.26^ns	68.91^**	50.30^**	——
Y× V		0.64^ns	3.64^ns	0.92^ns	3.90^ns	22.48^**	3.02^ns	——

品种 Variety	年份 Year	干物质量 Dry matter production (g m^-2)				收获指数 HI (%)	作物生长速率 Crop growth rate (g m^-2 d^-1)
品种 Variety	年份 Year	抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading	总干物质量 Total	转运量 D_T	收获指数 HI (%)	抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading
中嘉早17	2021	758±22 c	530±19 a	1287±6 bc	159±3 bc	0.54±0.03 a	11.8±0.3 bc	13.2±0.5 b
Zhongjiazao 17	2022	887±233 bc	555±262 a	1441±78 ab	163±6 bc	0.56±0.01 a	13.0±3.4 abc	16.8±0.8 a
	2023	755±52 c	463±63 a	1217±32 c	185±67 bc	0.53±0.02 a	10.6±0.7 c	14.9±2.0 ab
	Mean	800±75 B	516±48 A	1315±115 B	169±14 B	0.54±0.01 A	11.8±1.2 B	15.0±1.8 A
中早39	2021	959±99 ab	436±175 a	1395±242 abc	342±175 ab	0.55±0.06 a	13.9±1.4 ab	12.1±2.1 b
Zhongzao 39	2022	1145±51 a	428±197 a	1574±189 a	404±196 a	0.47±0.02 b	15.5±0.7 a	11.9±2.4 b
	2023	875±46 bc	583±68 a	1458±22 ab	110±91 c	0.48±0.03 b	12.3±0.6 bc	17.7±2.1 a
	Mean	993±138 A	482±87 A	1476±91 A	285±155 A	0.50±0.05 B	13.9±1.6 A	13.9±3.3 A
方差分析 Analysis of variance (F-value)
年份 Year(Y)		6.05^*	0.10^ns	4.43^*	2.56^ns	3.68^ns	4.90^*	6.28^*
品种 Variety(V)		15.20^**	0.19^ns	9.04^*	5.98^*	10.81^**	8.13^*	1.75^ns
Y× V		0.65^ns	1.02^ns	0.59^ns	4.17^ns	5.01^*	0.09^ns	7.04^*

品种 Variety	年份 Year	干物质量 Dry matter production (g m^-2)				收获指数 HI (%)	作物生长速率 Crop growth rate (g m^-2 d^-1)
品种 Variety	年份 Year	抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading	总干物质量 Total	转运量 D_T	收获指数 HI (%)	抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading
中嘉早17	2021	758±22 c	530±19 a	1287±6 bc	159±3 bc	0.54±0.03 a	11.8±0.3 bc	13.2±0.5 b
Zhongjiazao 17	2022	887±233 bc	555±262 a	1441±78 ab	163±6 bc	0.56±0.01 a	13.0±3.4 abc	16.8±0.8 a
	2023	755±52 c	463±63 a	1217±32 c	185±67 bc	0.53±0.02 a	10.6±0.7 c	14.9±2.0 ab
	Mean	800±75 B	516±48 A	1315±115 B	169±14 B	0.54±0.01 A	11.8±1.2 B	15.0±1.8 A
中早39	2021	959±99 ab	436±175 a	1395±242 abc	342±175 ab	0.55±0.06 a	13.9±1.4 ab	12.1±2.1 b
Zhongzao 39	2022	1145±51 a	428±197 a	1574±189 a	404±196 a	0.47±0.02 b	15.5±0.7 a	11.9±2.4 b
	2023	875±46 bc	583±68 a	1458±22 ab	110±91 c	0.48±0.03 b	12.3±0.6 bc	17.7±2.1 a
	Mean	993±138 A	482±87 A	1476±91 A	285±155 A	0.50±0.05 B	13.9±1.6 A	13.9±3.3 A
方差分析 Analysis of variance (F-value)
年份 Year(Y)		6.05^*	0.10^ns	4.43^*	2.56^ns	3.68^ns	4.90^*	6.28^*
品种 Variety(V)		15.20^**	0.19^ns	9.04^*	5.98^*	10.81^**	8.13^*	1.75^ns
Y× V		0.65^ns	1.02^ns	0.59^ns	4.17^ns	5.01^*	0.09^ns	7.04^*

品种 Variety	年份 Year	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (μmol·m⁻²s^-1)			叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a content (mg g^-1)			叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b content (mg g^-1)			叶绿素总含量 Total chlorophyll content (mg g^-1)
品种 Variety	年份 Year	幼穗分化期 PI	抽穗期 HD		幼穗分化期 PI	抽穗期 HD		幼穗分化期 PI	抽穗期 HD		幼穗分化期 PI	抽穗期 HD
中嘉早17 Zhongjiazao 17	2022	26.5±0.6 a	20.8±1.3 d		2.69±0.52 a	2.68±0.09 b		1.32±0.70 a	1.04±0.20 ab		4.02±1.22 a	3.71±0.25 b
	2023	25.0±1.0 a	22.1±1.3 c		2.52±0.24 a	2.77±0.27 b		1.07±0.46 a	0.84±0.12 b		3.59±0.32 a	3.61±0.39 b
	Mean	25.8±1.1 A	21.5±0.9 B		2.61±0.12 A	2.72±0.06 B		1.20±0.18 A	0.94±0.14 B		3.80±0.30 A	3.66±0.07 B
中早39 Zhongzao 39	2022	27.0±0.9 a	24.1±0.9 b		2.92±0.43 a	3.45±0.12 a		1.04±0.05 a	1.19±0.06 a		3.96±0.48 a	4.64±0.17 a
	2023	26.8±1.2 a	26.5±1.1 a		2.69±0.39 a	3.57±0.15 a		0.86±0.13 a	1.08±0.14 ab		3.55±0.52 a	4.66±0.28 a
	Mean	26.9±0.1 A	25.3±1.7 A		2.80±0.16 A	3.51±0.09 A		0.95±0.13 A	1.14±0.08 A		3.75±0.29 A	4.65±0.01 A
方差分析 Analysis of variance (F-value)
年份 Year(Y)		1.92^ns	39.77^**		0.73^ns	2.28^ns		0.98^ns	4.56^ns		0.99^ns	0.13^ns
品种 Variety(V)		3.27^ns	173.70^**		0.71^ns	124.20^**		1.21^ns	8.04^*		0.01^ns	64.60^**
Y×V		1.18^ns	3.44^ns		0.01^ns	0.05^ns		0.02^ns	0.36^ns		0.01^ns	0.22^ns
品种 Variety		年份 Year			叶绿素a/b Chl a/Chl b			叶片N含量 Leaf N content(%)			比叶重 Specific leaf weight(mg cm^-2)
品种 Variety		年份 Year			幼穗分化期 PI	抽穗期 HD		幼穗分化期 PI	抽穗期 HD		幼穗分化期 PI	抽穗期 HD
中嘉早17 Zhongjiazao 17		2022			2.25±0.63 a	2.64±0.45 b		1.54±0.28 ab	1.00±0.01 b		3.23±0.17 b	3.29±0.01 b
		2023			2.66±1.06 a	3.30±0.21 a		1.54±0.28 ab	1.08±0.09 b		3.04±0.02 b	3.06±0.16 c
		Mean			2.46±0.29 A	2.97±0.47 A		1.54±0.12 A	1.04±0.06 B		3.13±0.13 B	3.18±0.17 B
中早39 Zhongzao 39		2022	2.78±0.29 a	2.89±0.07 ab		1.63±0.06 a	1.11±0.07 ab		3.89±0.05 a	3.78±0.08 a
		2023			3.14±0.20 a	3.32±0.36 a		1.35±0.24 b	1.23±0.02 a		3.07±0.20 b	3.23±0.12 bc
		Mean			2.96±0.25 A	3.11±0.30 A		1.49±0.20 A	1.17±0.09 A		3.48±0.58 A	3.51±0.39 A
方差分析 Analysis of variance (F-value)
年份 Year(Y)				1.47^ns		9.95^*		3.14^ns	7.74^*		49.99^**	34.86^**
品种 Variety(V)				2.54^ns		0.63^ns		0.39^ns	12.18^*		23.75^**	24.57^**
Y×V				0.01^ns		0.44^ns		3.14^ns	0.40^ns		19.73^**	5.79^ns

机插短生育期晚稻产量形成特点与光合特性研究

Yield Formation and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Machine-transplanted Late-season Rice with Short Growth Duration

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