籼粳杂交稻甬优2640氮素吸收利用特点

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210310

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明籼粳杂交稻甬优2640的氮素吸收利用特点。【方法】籼粳杂交稻甬优2640、常规粳稻连粳7号和常规籼稻扬稻6号种植于大田,设置6种施氮量处理(0、100、200、300、400、500 kg/hm ²)和 ¹⁵N示踪微区试验。【结果】在0~400 N kg/hm ²范围内,甬优2640的稻谷产量随施氮量的增加而提高;连粳7号和扬稻6号的产量则是先增加后降低,在施氮量300 kg/hm ²时产量最高;相同施氮量下,甬优2640的产量均高于连粳7号和扬稻6号。甬优2640产量较高,这得益于地上部较高的干物质量和库容量(总颖花量)。适量增施氮肥提高了籽粒中 ¹⁵N积累量,但其在籽粒中的分配比例却随施氮量的增加而降低。甬优2640穗中的 ¹⁵N分配比例高于连粳7号和扬稻6号。高施氮量降低水稻氮收获指数。增施氮肥明显提高3个水稻品种穗分化期、抽穗期和灌浆中期叶片的硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合酶活性;相同施氮量下,甬优2640的各种酶活性显著高于连粳7号和扬稻6号。【结论】籼粳杂交稻甬优2640较常规水稻品种具有更强的氮素吸收与利用能力。

关键词: 水稻, ¹⁵N示踪技术, 施氮量, 吸收分配

Abstract:

【Objective】It is very important to elucidate the characteristics and mechanism of nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in indica-japonica hybrid rice. 【Method】 An indica-japonica hybrid rice combination Yongyou 2640 and two inbred rice cultivars of Lianjing 7 (japonica) and Yangdao 6 (indica) were field-grown, and six N application rates (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 kg/hm ²) and a ¹⁵N tracer micro-area experiment were designed. 【Result】 With increasing N rates (from 0 to 400 kg/hm ²), the grain yield of Yongyou 2640 increased, and that of Lianjing 7 and Yangdao 6 increased first and then decreased, and the highest grain yield was found at the N rate of 300 kg/hm ². At the same N rate, grain yield of Yongyou 2640 was higher than that of Lianjing 7 or Yangdao 6. A higher grain yield of Yongyou 2640 was mainly attributed to the higher above-ground dry matter and total amount of spikelets. The accumulation of ¹⁵N in grains increased, whereas the distribution ratio of ¹⁵N in grain decreased gradually correspondingly with increasing N application rates. A high N rate caused a drop in N harvest index. The distribution ratio of ¹⁵N in grains of Yongyou 2640 was higher than that of Lianjing 7 or Yangdao 6, while lower than that of the two control cultivars in the stems, sheaths and leaves of Yongyou 2640. The activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine syntetase and glutamate synthase in leaves of the three rice cultivars were enhanced with increasing N rates. At the same nitrogen rate, the activities of above enzymes in Yongyou 2640 were significantly higher than those of Lianjing 7 or Yangdao 6. 【Conclusion】 The indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 is characterized by stronger nitrogen uptake and utilization capacity as compared with inbred japonica rice cultivar (Lianjing 7) or indica rice cultivar (Yangdao 6).

Key words: rice, ¹⁵N tracer technique, nitrogen rate, uptake and distribution

袁锐, 周群, 王志琴, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 刘立军, 张伟杨, 杨建昌. 籼粳杂交稻甬优2640氮素吸收利用特点[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(1): 77-86.

YUAN Rui, ZHOU Qun, WANG Zhiqin, ZHANG Hao, GU Junfei, LIU Lijun, ZHANG Weiyang, YANG Jianchang. Characteristics of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of an indica-japonica Hybrid Rice, Yongyou 2640[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(1): 77-86.

图/表 7

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品种 Variety	施氮量 N rate /(kg·hm^-2)	穗数 Number of panicles /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets /(×10⁶·hm^-2)	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	0	128 l	267 d	343 k	87.6 bc	25.4 e	7.62 h	0.500 b
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	100	157 j	289 c	453 f	86.3 c	25.3 e	9.81 e	0.478 d
	200	180 i	301 b	579 c	85.7 cd	25.3 e	11.40 b	0.500 b
	300	195 g	340 a	654 b	82.7 e	24.9 f	12.90 a	0.510 a
	400	201 f	343 a	687 a	80.3 f	24.5 f	13.30 a	0.510 a
	500	205 e	337 a	690 a	78.2 g	24.3 f	13.00 a	0.490 c
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	0	222 d	120 k	266 m	91.0 a	27.4 c	6.45 i	0.493 c
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	100	261 c	132 j	344 k	90.6 a	27.3 c	8.32 g	0.481 d
	200	289 b	151 i	447 g	89.3 b	27.2 cd	10.10 d	0.501 b
	300	304 a	161 h	504 e	85.1 d	26.6 d	10.70 c	0.503 b
	400	305 a	162 h	511 d	82.1 e	26.3 d	10.30 cd	0.490 c
	500	302 a	160 h	499 e	80.6 f	26.1 d	9.64 e	0.462 f
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	0	136 k	166 h	231 n	87.0 c	30.9 a	6.01 j	0.460 f
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	100	160 j	180 g	295 l	85.9 cd	30.5 a	7.39 h	0.445 h
	200	177 i	195 f	362 k	84.8 d	30.1 ab	8.57 g	0.453 g
	300	191 h	203 e	425 h	83.5 de	29.8 b	9.41 ef	0.470 e
	400	195 g	198 f	418 i	82.3 e	29.7 b	9.16 f	0.442 h
	500	190 h	196 f	405 j	80.7 f	29.5 b	8.60 g	0.420 i

品种 Variety	施氮量 N rate /(kg·hm^-2)	穗数 Number of panicles /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets /(×10⁶·hm^-2)	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	0	128 l	267 d	343 k	87.6 bc	25.4 e	7.62 h	0.500 b
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	100	157 j	289 c	453 f	86.3 c	25.3 e	9.81 e	0.478 d
	200	180 i	301 b	579 c	85.7 cd	25.3 e	11.40 b	0.500 b
	300	195 g	340 a	654 b	82.7 e	24.9 f	12.90 a	0.510 a
	400	201 f	343 a	687 a	80.3 f	24.5 f	13.30 a	0.510 a
	500	205 e	337 a	690 a	78.2 g	24.3 f	13.00 a	0.490 c
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	0	222 d	120 k	266 m	91.0 a	27.4 c	6.45 i	0.493 c
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	100	261 c	132 j	344 k	90.6 a	27.3 c	8.32 g	0.481 d
	200	289 b	151 i	447 g	89.3 b	27.2 cd	10.10 d	0.501 b
	300	304 a	161 h	504 e	85.1 d	26.6 d	10.70 c	0.503 b
	400	305 a	162 h	511 d	82.1 e	26.3 d	10.30 cd	0.490 c
	500	302 a	160 h	499 e	80.6 f	26.1 d	9.64 e	0.462 f
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	0	136 k	166 h	231 n	87.0 c	30.9 a	6.01 j	0.460 f
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	100	160 j	180 g	295 l	85.9 cd	30.5 a	7.39 h	0.445 h
	200	177 i	195 f	362 k	84.8 d	30.1 ab	8.57 g	0.453 g
	300	191 h	203 e	425 h	83.5 de	29.8 b	9.41 ef	0.470 e
	400	195 g	198 f	418 i	82.3 e	29.7 b	9.16 f	0.442 h
	500	190 h	196 f	405 j	80.7 f	29.5 b	8.60 g	0.420 i

品种 Variety	施氮量 N rate /(kg·hm^-2)	吸氮量 N uptake (kg·hm^-2)	产谷利用率 IE /(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP /(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥生理利用率 NPE /(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥吸收利用率 NRE /%	氮肥农学利用率 NAE /(kg·kg^-1)
甬优2640	0	106 h	72.0 a
Yongyou 2640	100	151 f	63.5 b	96.0 a	43.7 b	45.8 a	20.0 a
	200	195 d	58.4 c	57.0 d	42.4 b	44.8 ab	19.0 b
	300	238 b	54.3 d	43.0 f	40.2 c	44.0 b	17.7 c
	400	255 a	52.1 e	33.3 h	38.1 d	37.4 d	14.3 d
	500	259 a	48.4 f	26.0 j	33.1 f	32.6 f	10.8 g
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	0	98 i	64.8 b
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	100	140 g	59.4 c	83.0 b	46.2 a	41.1 c	19.0 b
	200	179 e	56.4 cd	50.5 e	46.0 a	40.3 c	18.5 bc
	300	206 c	52.0 e	35.7 g	40.2 c	35.6 e	14.3 d
	400	209 c	49.4 f	25.8 j	35.5 e	27.5 g	9.8 h
	500	213 c	45.0 g	19.2 l	27.9 gh	22.9 h	6.4 j
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	0	101 hi	59.3 c
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	100	146 f	49.9 ef	73.0 c	28.8 g	45.2 ab	13.0 e
	200	188 d	45.1 g	42.5 f	28.7 g	43.6 b	12.5 e
	300	227 b	41.4 h	31.3 i	27.0 h	41.9 bc	11.3 f
	400	232 b	39.3 i	22.8 k	22.1 i	32.6 f	7.8 i
	500	235 b	36.6 j	17.2 m	17.6 j	26.8 g	5.2 k

品种 Variety	施氮量 N rate /(kg·hm^-2)	吸氮量 N uptake (kg·hm^-2)	产谷利用率 IE /(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP /(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥生理利用率 NPE /(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥吸收利用率 NRE /%	氮肥农学利用率 NAE /(kg·kg^-1)
甬优2640	0	106 h	72.0 a
Yongyou 2640	100	151 f	63.5 b	96.0 a	43.7 b	45.8 a	20.0 a
	200	195 d	58.4 c	57.0 d	42.4 b	44.8 ab	19.0 b
	300	238 b	54.3 d	43.0 f	40.2 c	44.0 b	17.7 c
	400	255 a	52.1 e	33.3 h	38.1 d	37.4 d	14.3 d
	500	259 a	48.4 f	26.0 j	33.1 f	32.6 f	10.8 g
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	0	98 i	64.8 b
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	100	140 g	59.4 c	83.0 b	46.2 a	41.1 c	19.0 b
	200	179 e	56.4 cd	50.5 e	46.0 a	40.3 c	18.5 bc
	300	206 c	52.0 e	35.7 g	40.2 c	35.6 e	14.3 d
	400	209 c	49.4 f	25.8 j	35.5 e	27.5 g	9.8 h
	500	213 c	45.0 g	19.2 l	27.9 gh	22.9 h	6.4 j
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	0	101 hi	59.3 c
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	100	146 f	49.9 ef	73.0 c	28.8 g	45.2 ab	13.0 e
	200	188 d	45.1 g	42.5 f	28.7 g	43.6 b	12.5 e
	300	227 b	41.4 h	31.3 i	27.0 h	41.9 bc	11.3 f
	400	232 b	39.3 i	22.8 k	22.1 i	32.6 f	7.8 i
	500	235 b	36.6 j	17.2 m	17.6 j	26.8 g	5.2 k

品种 Variety	施氮量 N rate /(kg·hm^-2)	¹⁵N累积量 ¹⁵N accumulation/(kg·hm^-2)			¹⁵N在植株中的分配率 ¹⁵N distribution in plant/%
品种 Variety	施氮量 N rate /(kg·hm^-2)	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	叶 Leaf	籽粒 Grain	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	叶 Leaf	籽粒 Grain
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	100	6.0 o	2.4 m	22.3 k	19.5 o	7.8 k	72.6 a
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	200	13.9 l	4.0 k	34.5 h	26.5 m	7.6 l	65.8 b
	300	22.9 i	4.6 i	52.4 c	28.7 l	5.8 n	65.6 b
	400	29.2 e	7.1 g	60.0 a	30.3 j	7.4 m	62.3 d
	500	36.3 c	9.8 d	60.5 a	34.1 d	9.2 f	56.8 i
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	100	6.6 n	3.1 l	18.0 l	23.8 n	11.2 c	65.0 c
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	200	14.3 k	4.2 j	27.7 j	30.9 i	9.1 g	60.0 g
	300	23.3 h	6.0 h	45.1 g	31.3 h	8.1 j	60.6 f
	400	28.5 f	8.6 e	48.4 f	33.3 e	10.1 d	56.6 i
	500	33.6 d	11.8 b	51.4 d	34.7 c	12.2 b	53.1 k
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	100	8.2 m	2.5 m	16.9 m	29.7 k	9.1 g	61.2 e
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	200	18.5 j	4.7 i	33.9 i	32.4 f	8.2 i	59.4 h
	300	27.0 g	7.2 f	50.8 e	31.8 g	8.5 h	59.7 gh
	400	37.6 b	10.3 c	56.4 b	36.0 b	9.9 e	54.0 j
	500	48.6 a	15.3 a	56.5 b	40.4 a	12.7 a	46.9 l