全生育期臭氧胁迫对不同水稻品种稻草饲用品质的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0710

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同类型水稻品种稻草饲用品质相关理化指标对臭氧胁迫的响应。【方法】利用新型自然光气体熏蒸平台,以 8个水稻品种为供试材料,设置室内对照和高臭氧浓度(80 nL/L)处理,于抽穗期、穗后20 d和成熟期分别测定叶片和茎鞘中饲用品质相关的理化指标。【结果】与对照相比,高浓度臭氧处理使稻草粗蛋白、木质素、纤维素、半纤维素和总酚含量分别增加7.07%(P <0.1)、10.88%(P <0.1)、1.98%、0.92%和5.01% (P<0.01),可溶性糖和淀粉含量分别下降15.07%(P <0.1)和18.55%(P <0.01)。多数情形下,叶片各指标含量对臭氧胁迫的响应大于茎鞘。所有测定指标的品种间差异均达极显著水平。不同生育期稻草木质素、纤维素、半纤维素和总酚含量表现为穗后20 d>成熟期>抽穗期,稻草可溶性糖和淀粉含量则表现为抽穗期>成熟期>穗后20 d,而粗蛋白含量随生育进程推进呈降低趋势。方差分析表明,臭氧胁迫与品种互作对所有测定指标的影响均达显著或极显著水平;除总酚含量外,臭氧与植株部位互作对所有测定指标的影响均达极显著水平;而臭氧与生育时期互作仅对植株粗蛋白、纤维素、可溶性糖和总酚含量有显著或极显著影响。【结论】稻草饲用品质相关理化指标因生育时期、供试品种和茎叶不同部位而异,高浓度臭氧环境下稻草饲用品质表现出变劣的趋势。

关键词: 臭氧, 水稻, 饲用品质, 总酚, 淀粉

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ozone stress on feeding quality of rice straw. 【Method】By using a new-type natural-light gas fumigation platform, eight rice varieties were treated with high ozone (80 nL/L) or clean air from transplanting to maturity. The physicochemical indexes related to feed quality of rice straw at heading, 20 days after heading (DAH20) and maturity were analyzed. 【Result】The ozone stress increased the concentrations of crude protein, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and total phenol in rice straw by 7.07% (P< 0.1), 10.88% (P< 0.1), 1.98%, 0.92% and 5.01% (P<0.01), respectively; while the concentrations of soluble sugar and starch decreased by 15.07% (P< 0.1) and 18.55% (P<0.01). In most cases, the changes of feed quality index in leaves under ozone stress were greater than those in stems, respectively. Significant genotypic differences were detected for each measured feed value indexes. The concentrations of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and total phenol in straw followed the tendency of DAH20 > maturity > heading, the concentrations of soluble sugar and starch showed the opposite trend of heading > maturity > DAH20, while the crude protein concentration decreased successively with the growth process. Analysis of variance revealed significant interactions between ozone stress and varieties for all measured feed value indexes. Significant interactions between ozone and plant organs were detected for all feed value indexes except total phenol concentration. Significant interactions between ozone and growth period were found for the concentrations of crude protein, cellulose, soluble sugar and total phenol. 【Conclusion】Physicochemical indexes related to feed value of rice straw varied with the growth stages, varieties and organs of plants, ozone concentration of 80 nL/L leads to deterioration of feed value of rice straw.

Key words: ozone, rice, feed quality, total phenol, starch

章燕柳, 邵在胜, 杨阳, 童楷程, 王云霞, 景立权, 王余龙, 杨连新. 全生育期臭氧胁迫对不同水稻品种稻草饲用品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(2): 187-199.

Yanliu ZHANG, Zaisheng SHAO, Yang YANG, Kaicheng TONG, Yunxia WANG, Liquan JING, Yulong WANG, Lianxin YANG. Effects of Ozone Stress on Feeding Quality of Straw of Different Rice Varieties During the Whole Growth Period[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(2): 187-199.

图/表 9

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植株部位Plant parts	生育期 Growth stage	处理Treatment	淮稻5号 HD5	武运粳27 WYJ27	扬稻6号 YD6	丰优香占 FYXZ	甬优1540 YY1540	桂农占 GNZ	深两优136 SLY136	中早39 ZZ39
叶片Leaf	抽穗期 Heading	C-O₃	188±6	163±4	165±6	192±3	158±4	179±6	200±1	214±6
	抽穗期 Heading	E-O₃	189±6	176±7	172±6	164±5	159±8	183±5	184±2	223±4
	穗后20 d 20DAH	C-O₃	113±6	120±6	106±6	88±4	82±4	108±2	110±7	127±3
	穗后20 d 20DAH	E-O₃	124±5	126±6	100±3	95±4	87±6	117±4	111±4	119±3
	成熟期 Maturity	C-O₃	68±4	68±3	47±3	54±2	55±2	55±4	43±1	73±3
	成熟期 Maturity	E-O₃	74±2	71±2	56±2	53±1	57±4	56±3	49±3	79±2
茎秆Stem	抽穗期Heading	C-O₃	68±3	52±2	59±3	53±1	40±1	58±2	69±4	59±3
	抽穗期Heading	E-O₃	62±3	59±1	68±5	50±2	45±0	60±2	67±3	65±2
	穗后20 d 20DAH	C-O₃	48±2	58±4	36±1	29±1	30±1	45±1	40±2	42±2
	穗后20 d 20DAH	E-O₃	44±3	57±2	59±6	35±2	36±2	50±3	55±5	59±5
	成熟期Maturity	C-O₃	48±1	35±3	33±1	37±3	35±1	39±2	33±1	42±2
	成熟期Maturity	E-O₃	50±2	43±2	48±4	39±1	36±1	45±3	44±3	55±1
稻草 Straw	抽穗期Heading	C-O₃	114±7	94±2	109±9	97±1	74±3	106±5	125±3	112±3
	抽穗期Heading	E-O₃	104±4	103±5	116±8	84±3	79±3	107±4	117±2	119±1
	穗后20 d 20DAH	C-O₃	69±1	78±1	57±2	47±1	45±1	66±2	64±3	59±2
	穗后20 d 20DAH	E-O₃	70±4	78±3	73±3	53±2	51±2	74±1	77±5	74±3
	成熟期Maturity	C-O₃	54±1	46±3	38±2	42±2	41±1	44±2	37±1	48±2
	成熟期Maturity	E-O₃	58±1	53±2	51±3	44±1	43±2	49±3	46±2	61±2
ANOVA结果 ANOVA results
	臭氧胁迫O₃ stress		0.685	0.014	0.147	0.333	0.192	0.168	0.460	<0.001
	生育期 Growth stage (S)		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	植株部位Plant parts (P)		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	O₃×S		0.441	0.403	0.765	<0.001	0.742	0.625	0.001	0.622
	O₃×P		0.056	0.586	0.016	0.005	0.765	0.972	0.007	0.010
	S×P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	O₃× S×P		0.633	0.475	0.062	0.004	0.859	0.591	0.536	0.007

植株部位Plant parts	生育期 Growth stage	处理Treatment	淮稻5号 HD5	武运粳27 WYJ27	扬稻6号 YD6	丰优香占 FYXZ	甬优1540 YY1540	桂农占 GNZ	深两优136 SLY136	中早39 ZZ39
叶片Leaf	抽穗期 Heading	C-O₃	188±6	163±4	165±6	192±3	158±4	179±6	200±1	214±6
	抽穗期 Heading	E-O₃	189±6	176±7	172±6	164±5	159±8	183±5	184±2	223±4
	穗后20 d 20DAH	C-O₃	113±6	120±6	106±6	88±4	82±4	108±2	110±7	127±3
	穗后20 d 20DAH	E-O₃	124±5	126±6	100±3	95±4	87±6	117±4	111±4	119±3
	成熟期 Maturity	C-O₃	68±4	68±3	47±3	54±2	55±2	55±4	43±1	73±3
	成熟期 Maturity	E-O₃	74±2	71±2	56±2	53±1	57±4	56±3	49±3	79±2
茎秆Stem	抽穗期Heading	C-O₃	68±3	52±2	59±3	53±1	40±1	58±2	69±4	59±3
	抽穗期Heading	E-O₃	62±3	59±1	68±5	50±2	45±0	60±2	67±3	65±2
	穗后20 d 20DAH	C-O₃	48±2	58±4	36±1	29±1	30±1	45±1	40±2	42±2
	穗后20 d 20DAH	E-O₃	44±3	57±2	59±6	35±2	36±2	50±3	55±5	59±5
	成熟期Maturity	C-O₃	48±1	35±3	33±1	37±3	35±1	39±2	33±1	42±2
	成熟期Maturity	E-O₃	50±2	43±2	48±4	39±1	36±1	45±3	44±3	55±1
稻草 Straw	抽穗期Heading	C-O₃	114±7	94±2	109±9	97±1	74±3	106±5	125±3	112±3
	抽穗期Heading	E-O₃	104±4	103±5	116±8	84±3	79±3	107±4	117±2	119±1
	穗后20 d 20DAH	C-O₃	69±1	78±1	57±2	47±1	45±1	66±2	64±3	59±2
	穗后20 d 20DAH	E-O₃	70±4	78±3	73±3	53±2	51±2	74±1	77±5	74±3
	成熟期Maturity	C-O₃	54±1	46±3	38±2	42±2	41±1	44±2	37±1	48±2
	成熟期Maturity	E-O₃	58±1	53±2	51±3	44±1	43±2	49±3	46±2	61±2
ANOVA结果 ANOVA results
	臭氧胁迫O₃ stress		0.685	0.014	0.147	0.333	0.192	0.168	0.460	<0.001
	生育期 Growth stage (S)		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	植株部位Plant parts (P)		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	O₃×S		0.441	0.403	0.765	<0.001	0.742	0.625	0.001	0.622
	O₃×P		0.056	0.586	0.016	0.005	0.765	0.972	0.007	0.010
	S×P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	O₃× S×P		0.633	0.475	0.062	0.004	0.859	0.591	0.536	0.007

ANOVA	粗蛋白 Crude protein	结构性碳水化合物 Structural carbohydrates			非结构性碳水化合物 Non-structured carbohydrates
ANOVA	粗蛋白 Crude protein	木质素 Lignin	纤维素 Cellulose	半纤维素 Hemicellulose	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	淀粉 Starch	总酚 Total phenolic
臭氧胁迫 O₃ stress	0.063	0.059	0.562	0.886	0.059	0.003		0.009
品种 Variety (V)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
生育期 Growth stage (S)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
植株部位 Plant parts (P)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.718	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×V	0.003	0.003	0.015	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×S	0.005	0.713	0.015	0.522	<0.001	0.506		<0.001
O₃×P	0.006	<0.001	0.001	0.004	<0.001	<0.001		0.076
V×S	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
V×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
S×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×V×S	0.007	0.269	0.089	0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×V×P	0.002	0.021	0.146	0.004	0.059	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×S×P	0.804	0.001	0.480	0.007	0.085	0.149		0.001
V×S×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×V×S×P	0.014	0.161	0.085	0.092	<0.001	<0.001		0.023

ANOVA	粗蛋白 Crude protein	结构性碳水化合物 Structural carbohydrates			非结构性碳水化合物 Non-structured carbohydrates
ANOVA	粗蛋白 Crude protein	木质素 Lignin	纤维素 Cellulose	半纤维素 Hemicellulose	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	淀粉 Starch	总酚 Total phenolic
臭氧胁迫 O₃ stress	0.063	0.059	0.562	0.886	0.059	0.003		0.009
品种 Variety (V)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
生育期 Growth stage (S)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
植株部位 Plant parts (P)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.718	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×V	0.003	0.003	0.015	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×S	0.005	0.713	0.015	0.522	<0.001	0.506		<0.001
O₃×P	0.006	<0.001	0.001	0.004	<0.001	<0.001		0.076
V×S	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
V×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
S×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×V×S	0.007	0.269	0.089	0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×V×P	0.002	0.021	0.146	0.004	0.059	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×S×P	0.804	0.001	0.480	0.007	0.085	0.149		0.001
V×S×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001
O₃×V×S×P	0.014	0.161	0.085	0.092	<0.001	<0.001		0.023

植株部位Plant parts	生育期 Growth stage	处理Treatment	淮稻5号 HD5	武运粳27 WYJ27	扬稻6号 YD6	丰优香占 FYXZ	甬优1540 YY1540	桂农占 GNZ	深两优136 SLY136	中早39 ZZ39
叶片 Leaf	抽穗期Heading	C-O₃	139±1	129±9	114±6	118±5	125±4	142±2	121±3	126±3
		E-O₃	141±3	155±5	153±5	120±5	140±4	141±2	129±3	150±4
	穗后20 d 20DAH	C-O₃	122±4	153±6	109±6	110±3	134±7	117±5	122±5	132±10
		E-O₃	145±10	164±9	142±2	138±6	155±4	154±5	145±7	150±8
	成熟期Maturity	C-O₃	122±5	138±4	118±3	111±2	130±3	120±4	125±2	117±4
		E-O₃	131±4	154±3	135±4	122±5	143±7	130±7	141±2	133±3
茎秆 Stem	抽穗期Heading	C-O₃	116±9	138±4	86±5	103±5	101±3	106±2	85±5	94±1
		E-O₃	122±5	145±3	94±5	109±5	121±5	112±4	86±3	129±6
	穗后20 d 20DAH	C-O₃	149±3	150±8	107±3	121±2	139±8	128±7	117±2	96±2
		E-O₃	148±6	163±5	110±6	116±6	157±3	128±11	117±4	109±4
	成熟期 Maturity	C-O₃	120±3	141±7	99±4	103±5	116±9	103±6	100±1	97±4
		E-O₃	123±5	147±6	107±9	114±8	150±3	120±8	108±4	113±4
稻草 Straw	抽穗期 Heading	C-O₃	124±6	135±3	100±6	108±5	108±3	120±3	100±4	105±1
		E-O₃	129±4	149±3	122±6	112±5	127±3	123±3	105±1	136±5
	穗后20 d 20DAH	C-O₃	140±4	151±8	107±3	117±2	137±8	124±5	119±1	104±1
		E-O₃	147±7	163±3	121±4	123±6	156±2	137±8	128±5	119±3
	成熟期 Maturity	C-O₃	121±3	140±6	106±3	105±3	120±7	109±3	109±1	101±4
		E-O₃	125±4	149±4	118±6	117±7	147±3	124±4	122±2	118±3
ANOVA 结果ANOVA results
	臭氧胁迫O₃ stress		0.028	0.001	0.115	0.285	0.047	0.179	0.111	<0.001
	生育期 Growth stage (S)		<0.001	0.002	0.289	0.010	<0.001	0.004	<0.001	0.024
	植株部位Plant parts (P)		0.242	0.597	<0.001	0.001	0.022	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	O₃×S		0.647	0.796	0.208	0.386	0.774	0.112	0.349	0.098
	O₃×P		0.145	0.226	<0.001	0.061	0.231	0.216	0.006	0.833
	S×P		<0.001	0.982	0.001	0.486	0.005	0.006	<0.001	0.035
	O₃×S×P		0.155	0.478	0.139	0.014	0.254	0.011	0.248	0.549
	O₃		0.028	0.001	0.115	0.285	0.047	0.179	0.111	<0.001