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    研究报告
    QTL Mapping for Developmental Behaviour of Leaf Sheath Height in Rice
    HE Ci-xing ,ZHU Jun ,YAN Ju-qiang ,Mebrouk BENMOUSSA ,WU Ping
    2000, 14(4): 193-198 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (189KB) ( )  
    The DH population, derived from a cross between an indica variety IR64 and a japonica variety Azucena was analyzed, by using conditional composite interval mapping method, to identify QTLs for the developmental behaviour of leaf sheath height. The unconditional QTLs were detected affecting time dependent measures. The contribution to phenotypic variation explained by unconditional QTL is increasing gradually and reaches the peak of 90% at the final stage. Conditional QTL analysis showed that the gene expression at the loci Hls 1-2, Hls 3-3, Hls 2 and Hls 4 was quite active at the intervals from 18 August to 7 September and from 7 September to 17 September. This is unanimous to the date of elongating and heading of DH population.
    Combining Ability Analysis of Chalkiness Rate in Grains of Japonica Rice Hybrids
    JIN Zheng-xun,QIU Tai-quan,SUN Yan-li,JIN Xue-yong
    2000, 14(4): 199-202 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (166KB) ( )  
    Six japonica rice varieties with different chalkiness rate in rice grains were crossed by Griffing’s diallel method Ⅳ to investigate their combining ability in F1 and F2 generations. The results showed that GCA and SCA variations of chalkiness ratio in rice grains were significant at 0.01 level, which suggested that the chalkiness rate of rice grains was controlled by gene additive effect as well as non additive effect. The ratio of GCA MS/SCA MS was also significant in F1 and F2 generations and increased as the generation advanced. It is suggested that the additive effect was principal. The additive variation of the total variation was chief in F1 and F2 generations. The relationship of the combining ability effect between the two generations was significant and there was difference between the chalkiness rate of rice grains of parents and the general combining ability. The GCA could be approximately estimated from the mean value of parents.
    Identification of Xieyou Combinations of Hybrid Rice and Their Three Parents by Using RAPD and Microsatellite Markers
    LI Li,YANG Jian-bo,WANG Xiu-feng,XIANG Tai-he,WU Jia-dao
    2000, 14(4): 203-207 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (197KB) ( )  
    Hybrid combinations Xieyou 63, Xieyou 64 and their parents were chosen to carry out RAPD and microsatellite analysis. Four hundred random primers (oligonucleotides) and 40 fluoresent dye labelled microsatellite primer pairs were used for DNA polymorphism test. The results showed that 364 of the 400 random primers amplified visible DNA bands and 28 of these showed evidence of polymorphism, 9 of which were reproduciable and were ultimately selected as criterion primers. All together 13 polymorphic DNA bands from criterion primers were chosen as markers, which could distinguish between or among rice genotypes tested. Microsatellite analysis showed more polymorphism than RAPD, 13 of 40 primer pairs produced polymorphic patterns, all together 31 SSLP markers were gained from 13 primer pairs. For most of primer pairs, F1 hybrids mainly showed complementary pattern of both parents, which could be very useful to distinguish different Xieyou F1 hybrids and their parents. By combining both methods, Xieyou combinations of hybrid rice and their three lines can be effectively identified.
    Chemical Behavior of Phosphorus in Paddy Soil as Affected by O2 Secretion from Rice Root
    ZHANG Yong-song,LIN Xian-yong,LUO An-cheng
    2000, 14(4): 208-212 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (206KB) ( )  
    A simulated experiment was carried out to study the effect of O2 secretion of rice root on phosphorus behavior in the soil and phosphorus uptake by rice. The results showed that flooding strongly increased phosphorus (P) adsorption and decreased P desorption in the paddy soil while simulated O2 secretion from rice root significantly reduced P adsorption and enhanced both P desorption in rhizosphere and P uptake by ion exchanger. It was suggested that the effect of O2 secreting from rice root should be one of important mechanisms for rice take up P normally under the conditions of P availability reduction by flooding. P availability in the soil reduced by flooding should be related to the transformation of P fractions because the Al-P fraction increased by P amendment in the soil was almost transformed into Fe-P fraction by 2-week flooding.
    GIS Application in Analyzing the Time and Spatial Variation of Rice Production
    HUANG Jing-feng,WANG Xiu-zhen,WANG Ren-chao
    2000, 14(4): 213-218 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (240KB) ( )  
    Using GIS as an analyzing tool, the characteristics,results,and trends of spatial variation of total rice production in Zhejiang Province are analyzed based on the rice production database (on county basis) within three periods (in 1977, 1987 and 1997) by statistical analyses .The total rice production of 87% counties in Zhejiang Province has increased absolutely from 1977 to 1987,but 76% counties has absolutely decreased from 1987 to 1997.Generally the variation in total rice production is determined by two main factors, i.e. rice planting area and yield.The key driving force of rice total production variation was yield from 1977 to 1987 and rice planting area from 1987 to 1997.The rice production in the future will be decreased in Zhejiang Province.The curves of rice planting areas are polynomial which the peak point is in the middle of 1970’s. The rice yield and trend yield increase from 1949 to 1998.The effect of meteorological elements on year by year variation of rice unit yield accounts for more than 70% of year by year variation of rice yield,the technological and social elements accounts for less than 30% year by year variation of rice yield.
    Effect of Rice Cultivated under Paddy and Upland Condition on Photosynthesis and Senescence of Flag Leaf and Activity of Root System After Heading
    CAI Yong-ping,YANG Qi-guang,HUANG Yi-de
    2000, 14(4): 219-224 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (157KB) ( )  
    Under paddy and plastic film upland condition, the senescence of rice and some physiological activities were studied. The results showed that upland cultivation of rice obviously affected the senescence. For the upland cultivation mode, rice was subjected to water stress, and the decrease rate of the physiological activity speeded up, then the rate accumulation of dry weight in grain slowed down and seed setting percentage reduced. As a result, the output reduced. Paddy of rice improved the factors of flag leaf photosynthesis and increased the rate of photosynthesis. Besides, the slow decrease of respiration rate of flag leaf, the slow increase of relative conductivity of flag leaf, the high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the low malondialdehyde (MDA) content of flag leaf suggested the slow senescence of flag leaf, so the output of paddy rice was higher. The accumulation of dry weight, the high activity and vigorous metablism of root system of upland rice during later growing stage had a negative influence on grain filling, but the high activity of root system during flowering filling stage and the fast decline of physiological activity of root system during later growing stage promoted grain filling.
    Observation on the Starch Grain Development in Endosperm of Early Indica Rice During Chalkiness Formation with Scanning Electronic Microscope
    SHEN Bo
    2000, 14(4): 225-228 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (247KB) ( )  
    The morphological traits of starch grain development of endosperm belly in indica rice varieties Zhongyouzao 3(less chalky) and Luhongzao 1(much chalky) were observed with scanning electronic microscope. The results showed that temperature had much influence on development of starch grains of endosperm belly. At initial grain filling, high temperature caused development of starch grains advanced. The starch grains were of elliptic or ball shape and smooth edge, so that the starch grains were more porous and less arrangement at ripening stage. More chalkiness were resulted. This effect could be clearly showed in less chalky rice variety Zhongyouzao 3.
    Nutritional Characteristics of Feeder Rice Grain and Brown Rice
    HE Jian-hua ,XU Qing-guo ,HUANG Mei-hua ,JIN Hong ,ZENG Shu-yuan
    2000, 14(4): 229-232 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (119KB) ( )  
    The nutrient content, amino acid content and nutrient digestibility of rice grain and brown rice were investigated with 18 rice cultivars. The average dry matter, crude protein and gross energy in rice grain and brown rice are (87.24±0 30)%, (87.39±0.32)%; (8.85±1.23)%, (10.35±1.33)%; (15.83±0.28) MJ/kg, (15.95±0.20) MJ/kg. The digestible energy of rice grain and brown rice is 10.28 MJ/kg and 13.48 MJ/kg respectively. It was shown that the fiber in rice grain is the main factor for lower nutrient digestibility. The amino acid content of rice grain and brown rice are 0.29% and 0 44% for lysine, 0.10% and 0.18% for methionine and 0.26% and 0.30% for threonine. As a swine feed, the first limiting amino acid of brown rice in lysine, threonine is the second one.
    Comparison of Microbial Diversity of Nonpathogenic Bacteria from Rice Seeds in Yangtze Delta Area, China and Japan
    XIE Guan-lin
    2000, 14(4): 233-236 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (98KB) ( )  
    During 1997-1999, more than 3200 nonpathogenic bacterial isolates were isolated from 276 rice seed samples in Yangtze Delta area, China and 303 isolates from 30 samples in Japan. After basic bacteriology, colony morphology and pathogenicity test, 386 representative Gram negative and 30 Gram positive bacteria were selected for Biolog test and used for evaluation of antagonists against three major pathogens of rice. Ten species or types of Pseudomonas were detected from rice seeds in China and six species in Japan. Fifteen and 13 species of non Pseudomonas were found in China and Japan, respectively. All the species of the non Pseudomonas were first reported from rice seeds in China. Fourteen and ten bacterial species of five genera were involved in the antagonists in Yangtze Delta area, China and Japan, respectively. About 64% of the total bacterial species having antagonists were from genus Pseudomonas and Bacillus.
    实验技术
    Studies on Methods of Developing a Core Collection for China Traditional Japonica Rice Germplasm
    WEI Xing-hua,TANG Sheng-xiang,YU Han-yong,JIANG Yun-zhu,QIU Zong-en
    2000, 14(4): 237-240 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (189KB) ( )  
    A core collection from China traditional japonica rice(Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) germplasm was developed using 16 791 accessions in“Catalog of China Rice Germplasm”.Twelve methods to be developed for core collections were compared by range, variance and coefficient of variation to the entire collection based on eight catalogue traits. The methods included completely random sampling, random sampling under ecotype catalogued by Ting’s taxonomic system, and hierarchical cluster sampling, combined with sample sizes of 12.5%, 10%, 7.5% and 5%. The result showed that the core collection assembled by cluster analysis under ecotype could better represent the entire collection. The core collection with 5% sample size sampling by cluster analysis was judged sufficient to represent the China traditional japonica rice germplasm.
    研究快报
    Preliminary Study on Thrips oryzae Virulence to Bt Gene Transformed Rice Kemingdao 2
    TANG Jian ,YANG Bao-jun ,JIANG Yue-nan ,YE Gong-yin ,SHU Qing-yao
    2000, 14(4): 241-198 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (108KB) ( )  

    Three indices, i.e. severity, percentage of rolled leave and injure degree were used to evaluate the virulence of Thrips oryzeato both Bt gene transformed rice Kemingdao 2 and it's original parent Xiushui 11. The results indicated that Kemingdao 2 is much more susceptible to the rice thrips than Xiushui 11. There were no significant difference at thrips’ adult populations, while significant difference at eggs and nymphs population between Kemingdao 2 and Xiushui 11.It is indicated that a higher nymph population could cause more serious injure in Kemingdao 2.

    研究简报
    Current Status in the Use of Hybrid Rice Heterosis in China
    ZENG Qian-chun ,ZHOU Kai-da ,ZHU Zhen ,LUO Qiong
    2000, 14(4): 243-246 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (124KB) ( )  
    Main types of cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS) which applied in hybrid rice production and corresponding cultivation areas from 1996 to 1998 in China were analyzed. Data show that hybrid rice planting area accounts for over half of the total rice growing areas in China these years. The combinations of CMS-WA (wild abortive) was still the dominant one in terms of three line hybrid rice production, and the following ones were CMS-G, -D as well as CMS-ID, while their cultivation area ratios are growing gradually year by year. In regard to two line hybrid rice, breakthrough achievements have been made in China, more than ten combinations being approved at provincial level, and the extensive utilization of the dual purpose genic male sterile line Peiai 64S indicates the promising prospects of the two line hybrid rice. Furthermore, several putative varieties of super hybrid rice have been developed, and some of them reached daily rice grain production 100 kg/ha in several trial sites at the size of seven hectares or so.
    Effect of Photoperiods on Fertility of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines in Rice
    ZHOU Tian-li ,ZHENG Xiu-ping ,CHENG Dan ,TENG Zheng-yong ,SHU Rong-li
    2000, 14(4): 247-248 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (106KB) ( )  
    The fertility response of cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS), Zhenshan 97A,V20A,Longtepu A, Bo A were studied under different light length conditions. The rate of dying pollen decreased as the light length increased in Longtepu A. There is a power function between the fertility of Longtepu A and light length. The fertility of Zhenshan 97A,V20A and Bo A almost showed no sensitiveness to the photoperiods.
    Relationship between Ratio of Grain to Leaf Area and Ratooning Ability in Middle-Season Hybrid Rice
    XU Fu-xian,XIONG Hong
    2000, 14(4): 249-252 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (131KB) ( )  
    Thirty-three hybrid rice combinations were used to study the relationship between ratio of grain to leaf area and ratooning ability from 1995 to 1998. There were significant negative correlationship between the ratio of grain to leaf area and the ratooning ability of main crop. The ratooning ability of varieties can be changed under the ratio of grain to leaf area were regulated. The reason was that there are significant positive correlationship between dry weight of mother’s stem and the ratooning ability, significant negative correlationship between the ratio of grain to leaf area and dry weight of mother’s stem. Significant positive correlationship between the number of grains per panicle among varieties and the ratio of grain to leaf area of main crop were observed, there were significant negative correlationship between the number of grains per panicle of main crop and the yield of the ratooning rice. The number of grains per panicle of main crop could be used as a distinguishing criterion for the ratooning ability.
    The Delay Function on Senescence of Lilibao During Rice Grain Filling Stage
    WANG Xi,TAO Rong-xing,HUANG Xiao-lin,YU Mei-yu
    2000, 14(4): 253-255 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (177KB) ( )  
    When Lilibao, a plant growth substance containing GA3 and PP333 , was applied to rice plant at initial heading stage, the delay function on senescence of rice plant was significant especially in some hybrid combinations which were easy to senescence during filling stage. The delay function on senescence could be divided into two types in helpful effect on grain yield, one is directly helpful in increasing respiration rate of grain,another is indirectly in retarding decrease of SOD activity, and root exudate during filling stage.
    综述与专论
    Progress of Molecular Development Research in Rice
    HUA Zhi-ming
    2000, 14(4): 256-260 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (190KB) ( )  
    Rice(Oryza sativa L.), which has a small genome in cereal plants, has several advantages as a model species for studying molecular biology and developmental biology. Although molecular studies on rice development have just begun, a growing number of investigation materials of molecular development in rice are now being increased. In the review, first, molecular developmental mechanisms of flower and floral organs are summarized. Then, molecular mechanisms of embryogenesis are discussed. At last, recent progress toward molecular process of formation and development of vegetative organ are described.