Abstract:  China launched a program for breeding of  super rice or super hybrid rice    by  combining  intersubspecific heterosis with ideal  plant type   in 1996.  Today, about 80 super rice varieties have been released and some of them  have achieved   grain yields of 12-21 tons per hectare in field experiments. Compared with conventional cultivars, main reasons for high yield of super rice can be summarized as follows:  more spikelets per panicle and larger sink size (number of spikelets per square meter);  larger leaf area index, longer duration of green leaf area, higher photosynthetic rate and higher lodging resistance of culms;    more matter accumulation before the heading stage, more remobilization of prestored carbohydrates from stems and leaves to grains during the grain filling period; and   larger root system and greater root activity.  However, super rice also has two major problems in  production:  poor grainfilling of the laterflowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to earlierflowering superior spikelets), and   low and unstable seedsetting rate. The research advances in cultivation physiology  of super rice in respects of biological features, formation of yield components, population quality  and physiological mechanisms  were reviewed, and suggestion on further studies on super rice cultivation physiology  were put forward.

Key words:  super rice, grain yield, grain filling, cultivation physiology, research advance

摘要： 我国于1996年启动了理想株型与亚种间杂种优势相结合为技术路线的超级稻育种计划，目前已育成约80个超级稻品种。这些品种产量高，兼顾品质与抗性，在试验示范区或特定气候条件下产量可达到12～21 t/hm2，展示了超级稻的巨大增产潜力。对于超级稻品种高产的原因，可概括为以下几个方面：与常规高产品种相比，超级稻品种每穗颖花数多、库容量大(即单位面积颖花数多)；叶面积指数大、绿叶面积持续期长、光合速率高、茎秆抗倒性强；  抽穗前干物质累积量高, 结实期茎叶中碳水化合物转运到籽粒中的量大;  根量大、根系活性强。但是，超级稻品种在生产上也存在一些问题，突出地表现在两个方面：一是强势粒(着生在穗子中上部、开花较早的籽粒)、弱势粒(着生在穗子基部、开花较迟的籽粒)充实整齐性差；二是结实率低且不稳定。综述了超级稻的生物特性、产量结构、群体质量特征以及相关生理机理方面的研究进展，提出深入开展超级稻栽培生理研究的建议。

关键词: 超级稻, 产量,  , 籽粒灌浆,  , 栽培生理,  , 研究进展