Progress in Molecular Genetic Research on Co-regulation of Grain Yield and Starch Quality in Rice

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.240901

Abstract

Abstract:

High yield and quality are two major goals in rice breeding programs. The key challenges facing breeding and functional genomics research in rice are the compatible improvement of both grain yield and quality. This work provides a comprehensive review of the advances in molecular genetic research on the co-regulation of grain yield and starch quality in rice. We summarize the genetic regulation of starch synthesis, scrutinize the molecular mechanisms of grain yield, examine the molecular mechanisms of co-regulation, and investigate the cloning and functional analysis of genes related to grain yield and quality. New approaches are proposed to address the trade-off between grain yield and quality, based on the discussion of previous research. The information will be valuable in overcoming the challenges related to grain yield and quality in rice using molecular breeding technology and will greatly facilitate the development of super rice varieties with high yield and good quality.

Key words: rice, grain yield, starch quality, co-regulation

摘要：

高产和优质是水稻育种的两大主要目标，产量与品质协同改良是水稻育种和功能基因组研究面临的重大挑战。本文从水稻淀粉合成的遗传调控、产量形成的分子生物学基础、产量与淀粉品质协同调控的分子机理及相关基因的克隆与功能研究等方面，总结水稻产量与淀粉品质协同调控的分子遗传研究进展，分析现有研究存在的问题，初步提出未来解决水稻产量与品质难以兼得关键问题的遗传改良策略，为利用分子育种技术协调产量与品质均衡，培育既高产又优质的水稻新品种提供信息参考。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 淀粉品质, 协同调控

LI Xingyi, CHEN Ling, SHAO Jiantao, XIAO Suqin, LI Jinlu, FU Huixian, YIN Fuyou, ZHANG Jianhong, CHENG Zaiquan, LIU Li. Progress in Molecular Genetic Research on Co-regulation of Grain Yield and Starch Quality in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(1): 1-17.

李兴沂, 陈玲, 邵建韬, 肖素勤, 李金璐, 付惠仙, 殷富有, 张建红, 程在全, 刘丽. 水稻产量与淀粉品质协同调控的分子遗传研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(1): 1-17.

Figures/Tables 3

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性状 Trait	基因 Gene	编码产物 Encoded protein/Enzyme		参考文献 Reference
有效穗数 Effective panicle number	GS5	丝氨酸羧肽酶	正调控粒宽和粒重	[115,116]
	HTH5	磷酸吡哆醛结合蛋白	正调控结实率	[117]
	qHd1	Squamosa启动子	正调控有效穗	[118]
	LAX2-4	核蛋白	负调控有效穗和穗粒数	[119]
	OsDCL3b	Dicer酶	正调控有效穗	[120]
穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	GNP1	GA20氧化酶	正调控穗粒数	[121]
	OsKRN2	WD40蛋白	负调控穗粒数和产量	[122]
	An-1	bHLH蛋白	正调控穗粒数	[123]
	COG1	转录因子OsMADS17	正调控穗粒数和粒重	[124]
	NOG1	烯酰辅酶A水合酶	正调控穗粒数	[125]
	LF1	转录因子HD-ZIP Ⅲ	正调控穗粒数	[126]
千粒重 1000-grain weight	GS3	Gγ亚基	负调控粒长和粒重	[127]
	GSN1	双特异性磷酸酶	负调控粒型和穗粒数	[128]
	TGW2	细胞数调控因子OsCNR1	负调控粒宽和粒重	[129]
	DG1	毒性物外排转运蛋白	正调控籽粒灌浆	[130]
	GLW7	转录因子OsSPL13	正调控粒长和粒重	[131]
	GAD1	短分泌信号肽	正调控粒长、穗粒数	[132]
	GW5	钙调素结合蛋白	正调控粒宽和粒重	[133]
	GLW10	油菜素内酯信号激酶	正调控粒长和粒重	[134]
淀粉合成Starch biosynthesis	Chalk5	液泡膜质子焦磷酸酶	负调控垩白	[135]
	Wx	淀粉颗粒合成酶	负调控直链淀粉	[76]
	WCR1	F-box蛋白	负调控垩白	[136]
	SSIIIb	淀粉颗粒合成酶	与ssIIIa协同调控抗性淀粉	[137]
	OsLESV	淀粉结合蛋白	正调控储藏淀粉	[36]

性状 Trait	基因 Gene	编码产物 Encoded protein/Enzyme		参考文献 Reference
有效穗数 Effective panicle number	GS5	丝氨酸羧肽酶	正调控粒宽和粒重	[115,116]
	HTH5	磷酸吡哆醛结合蛋白	正调控结实率	[117]
	qHd1	Squamosa启动子	正调控有效穗	[118]
	LAX2-4	核蛋白	负调控有效穗和穗粒数	[119]
	OsDCL3b	Dicer酶	正调控有效穗	[120]
穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	GNP1	GA20氧化酶	正调控穗粒数	[121]
	OsKRN2	WD40蛋白	负调控穗粒数和产量	[122]
	An-1	bHLH蛋白	正调控穗粒数	[123]
	COG1	转录因子OsMADS17	正调控穗粒数和粒重	[124]
	NOG1	烯酰辅酶A水合酶	正调控穗粒数	[125]
	LF1	转录因子HD-ZIP Ⅲ	正调控穗粒数	[126]
千粒重 1000-grain weight	GS3	Gγ亚基	负调控粒长和粒重	[127]
	GSN1	双特异性磷酸酶	负调控粒型和穗粒数	[128]
	TGW2	细胞数调控因子OsCNR1	负调控粒宽和粒重	[129]
	DG1	毒性物外排转运蛋白	正调控籽粒灌浆	[130]
	GLW7	转录因子OsSPL13	正调控粒长和粒重	[131]
	GAD1	短分泌信号肽	正调控粒长、穗粒数	[132]
	GW5	钙调素结合蛋白	正调控粒宽和粒重	[133]
	GLW10	油菜素内酯信号激酶	正调控粒长和粒重	[134]
淀粉合成Starch biosynthesis	Chalk5	液泡膜质子焦磷酸酶	负调控垩白	[135]
	Wx	淀粉颗粒合成酶	负调控直链淀粉	[76]
	WCR1	F-box蛋白	负调控垩白	[136]
	SSIIIb	淀粉颗粒合成酶	与ssIIIa协同调控抗性淀粉	[137]
	OsLESV	淀粉结合蛋白	正调控储藏淀粉	[36]