Study on the Characteristics of Soft japonica Rice Varieties with Good Taste and High Yield in Taihu Lake Area

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0907

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】It is of significance to explore the characteristics of soft japonica rice varieties with good taste and high yield in Taihu Lake area.【Method】 Soft japonica rice varieties suitable for cultivation in Taihu Lake were collected. According to the growth duration, yield and taste quality of the rice varieties, the differences in yield and quality formation of soft japonica rice varieties at different ripening stages were compared. 【Result】Compared with the medium yield type, the number of grains per panicle and the number of spikelets of the high yield type significantly increased in the population. The number of panicle, grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of the good taste type were equal to those of the medium taste type, while the 1000-grain weight was lower. Compared with the medium yield type, the high yield type had higher dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in the middle and late growth stages, and the final dry matter weight and total nitrogen accumulation were higher. Compared with the medium taste type, brown rice rate, milling rice rate and head milling rice rate of good taste rice increased, chalky rice percentage and chalkiness degree increased significantly, amylose content and protein content reduced, gel consistency were longer, the peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity increased, rice and eating value increased significantly. 【Conclusion】 The soft japonica rice varieties with good taste and high yield in Taihu Lake region were featured with large panicle, low grain weight, strong dry matter and nitrogen accumulation ability in middle and late growth stages, good processing quality, poor appearance quality, and excellent cooking and eating quality.

Key words: soft rice, japonica rice, good taste, high yield, variety characteristics

摘要：

【目的】探明太湖地区优良食味高产软米粳稻品种特征。【方法】收集适合太湖地区种植的软米粳稻品种,根据软米粳稻品种生育期、产量和食味品质进行分类,比较研究了不同熟期不同产量与食味品质类型的软米粳稻产量和品质形成的差异。【结果】高产类型软米粳稻每穗粒数、群体颖花量显著高于中产类型。与味中类型相比,味优类型软米粳稻穗数、每穗粒数和结实率相当,而千粒重较小。与中产类型相比,高产类型软米粳稻生育中后期干物质积累量和氮素积累量较高,最终干物质量和总氮素积累量较大。与味中类型相比,味优软米粳稻的糙米率、精米率和整精米率有所增加,垩白粒率和垩白度显著提高,直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量减少,胶稠度变长,淀粉RVA特征值中峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、最终黏度增加,米饭食味值显著提高。【结论】太湖地区优良食味高产软米粳稻品种特征为穗大粒多,粒重较小,生育中后期干物质与氮素积累能力强,加工品质趋好,外观品质差,蒸煮食味品质优。

关键词: 软米, 粳稻, 优良食味, 高产, 品种特征

Qing ZHANG, Yajie HU, Baowei GUO, Hongcheng ZHANG, Xiaojie XU, Yufeng XU, Banghui ZHU, Jiefen XU, Zhongyi NIU, Rongwen TU. Study on the Characteristics of Soft japonica Rice Varieties with Good Taste and High Yield in Taihu Lake Area[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(3): 279-290.

张庆, 胡雅杰, 郭保卫, 张洪程, 徐晓杰, 徐玉峰, 朱邦辉, 徐洁芬, 钮中一, 凃荣文. 太湖地区优良食味高产软米粳稻品种特征研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(3): 279-290.

Figures/Tables 11

References 30

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类型 Type	年度 Year		划分依据 Classification standard
类型 Type	2015	2016	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	食味值 Taste value
中粳 Medium japonica rice
味中中产 MTMY	常粳早优、宁3726、宁2704、宁2705 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726, Ning 2704, Ning 2705	常粳早优、宁3726、武353、宁3837、宁2705 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726, Wu 353, Ning 3837, Ning 2705	≤9	≤55
味优中产 GTMY	武运3109、苏香粳3号、香软玉、常粳13-11 Wuyun 3109, Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu, Changjing 13-11	苏香粳3号、香软玉、武13011、常粳13-11 Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu, Wu 13011, Changjing 13-11	≤9	>55
味中高产 MTHY	武13011、宁2600、武353、武运3122、常粳14-4、武383 Wu 13011, Ning 2600, Wu 353, Wuyun 3122, Changjing 14-4, Wu 383	宁2704、宁2600、武运3109、武运3122、常粳14-4 Ning 2704, Ning 2600, Wuyun 3109, Wuyun 3122, Changjing 14-4	>9	≤55
味优高产 GTHY	宁3837、南粳2728、南粳9108、常粳14-2、宁3835 Ning 3837, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108, Changjing 14-2, Ning 3835	武383、南粳2728、南粳9108、常粳14-2、宁3835 Wu 383, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108, Changjing 14-2, Ning 3835	>9	>55
晚粳 Late japonica rice
味中中产 MTMY	苏12-130、武105、南粳2244、武2737 Su 12-130, Wu 105, Nanjing 2244, Wu 2737	软大穗、武105、南粳2244、武283 Ruandasui, Wu 105, Nanjing 2244, Wu 283	≤9.75	≤60
味优中产 GTMY	武运170、长农粳1号、武283、宁0145、宁2602 Wuyun 170, Changnongjing 1, Wu 283, Ning 0145, Ning 2602	武运170、苏香粳100、苏051-176、宁0145 Wuyun 170, Suxiangjing 100, Su 051-176, Ning 0145	≤9.75	>60
味中高产 MTHY	软大穗、常软09-23、武运3334、武育粳33号 Ruandasui, Changruan 09-23, Wuyun 3334, Wuyujing 33	武2737、苏12-130、常软09-23、宁2602、武运3334 Wu 2737, Su 12-130, Changruan 09-23, Ning 260, Wuyun 3334	>9.75	≤60
味优高产 GTHY	苏香粳100、南粳46、南粳5055、苏051-176 Suxiangjing 100, Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055, Su 05-176	南粳46、宁5055、长农粳1号、武育粳33号 Nanjing 46, Ning 5055, Changnongjing 1, Wuyujing 33	>9.75	>60

类型 Type	年度 Year		划分依据 Classification standard
类型 Type	2015	2016	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	食味值 Taste value
中粳 Medium japonica rice
味中中产 MTMY	常粳早优、宁3726、宁2704、宁2705 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726, Ning 2704, Ning 2705	常粳早优、宁3726、武353、宁3837、宁2705 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726, Wu 353, Ning 3837, Ning 2705	≤9	≤55
味优中产 GTMY	武运3109、苏香粳3号、香软玉、常粳13-11 Wuyun 3109, Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu, Changjing 13-11	苏香粳3号、香软玉、武13011、常粳13-11 Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu, Wu 13011, Changjing 13-11	≤9	>55
味中高产 MTHY	武13011、宁2600、武353、武运3122、常粳14-4、武383 Wu 13011, Ning 2600, Wu 353, Wuyun 3122, Changjing 14-4, Wu 383	宁2704、宁2600、武运3109、武运3122、常粳14-4 Ning 2704, Ning 2600, Wuyun 3109, Wuyun 3122, Changjing 14-4	>9	≤55
味优高产 GTHY	宁3837、南粳2728、南粳9108、常粳14-2、宁3835 Ning 3837, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108, Changjing 14-2, Ning 3835	武383、南粳2728、南粳9108、常粳14-2、宁3835 Wu 383, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108, Changjing 14-2, Ning 3835	>9	>55
晚粳 Late japonica rice
味中中产 MTMY	苏12-130、武105、南粳2244、武2737 Su 12-130, Wu 105, Nanjing 2244, Wu 2737	软大穗、武105、南粳2244、武283 Ruandasui, Wu 105, Nanjing 2244, Wu 283	≤9.75	≤60
味优中产 GTMY	武运170、长农粳1号、武283、宁0145、宁2602 Wuyun 170, Changnongjing 1, Wu 283, Ning 0145, Ning 2602	武运170、苏香粳100、苏051-176、宁0145 Wuyun 170, Suxiangjing 100, Su 051-176, Ning 0145	≤9.75	>60
味中高产 MTHY	软大穗、常软09-23、武运3334、武育粳33号 Ruandasui, Changruan 09-23, Wuyun 3334, Wuyujing 33	武2737、苏12-130、常软09-23、宁2602、武运3334 Wu 2737, Su 12-130, Changruan 09-23, Ning 260, Wuyun 3334	>9.75	≤60
味优高产 GTHY	苏香粳100、南粳46、南粳5055、苏051-176 Suxiangjing 100, Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055, Su 05-176	南粳46、宁5055、长农粳1号、武育粳33号 Nanjing 46, Ning 5055, Changnongjing 1, Wuyujing 33	>9.75	>60

类型 Type	中粳 Medium japonica rice	晚粳 Late japonica rice
味中中产MTMY	常粳早优、宁3726 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726	武105、南粳2244 Wu 105, Nanjing 2244
味优中产GTMY	苏香粳3号、香软玉Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu	武运170、宁0145 Wuyun 170, Ning 0145
味中高产MTHY	宁2600、武运3122 Ning 2600, Wuyun 3122	常软09-23、武运3334 Changruan 09-23, Wuyun 3334
味优高产GTHY	南粳2728、南粳9108 Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108	南粳46、南粳5055 Nanjing46, Nanjing 5055

类型 Type	中粳 Medium japonica rice	晚粳 Late japonica rice
味中中产MTMY	常粳早优、宁3726 Changjingzaoyou, Ning 3726	武105、南粳2244 Wu 105, Nanjing 2244
味优中产GTMY	苏香粳3号、香软玉Suxiangjing 3, Xiangruanyu	武运170、宁0145 Wuyun 170, Ning 0145
味中高产MTHY	宁2600、武运3122 Ning 2600, Wuyun 3122	常软09-23、武运3334 Changruan 09-23, Wuyun 3334
味优高产GTHY	南粳2728、南粳9108 Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 9108	南粳46、南粳5055 Nanjing46, Nanjing 5055

年份 Year	指标 Index	变幅 Variation range	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 CV/%
2015	食味值 Taste value	46~74	58.42	8.48	14.52
2015	产量Yield/(t·hm^-2)	7.32~11.00	9.32	0.99	10.62
2016	食味值 Taste value	47~72	57.47	7.88	13.71
2016	产量Yield/(t·hm^-2)	7.52~10.97	9.26	0.87	9.43