Ecological Differences in Yield, Growth Period and the Utilization of Temperature and Light Resources of Double-cropping Late japonica Rice in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.201109

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to clarify the differences in yield, growth period and the allocation of temperature and light resources of different types of double-cropping late japonica rice in different ecological regions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so as to lay a theoretical basis for application of early indica and late japonica model in the rice growing area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.【Method】 The experiment was conducted at Fuyang (30.13°N, 41.7 m above sea level) and Wenzhou (28.52°N, 83 m above sea level ), Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2019. Rice cultivars were selected based on the large area of application, including inbred japonica (IJR) and indica/japonica hybrid rice (IJHR) with the high-yield indica rice (IR) as a control. The differences in yield, growth period and the allocation of temperature and light resources of IR, IJR and IJHR in the late growing season in different ecological regions were compared.【Result】 1) The dry matter, effective panicle number and sink of japonica rice declined at low latitude as compared to high latitude. As a result, the yield declined by 2.4%–19.1%, while the grain setting and 1000-grain weight remained stable or went up slightly. Meanwhile, the yield of IJHR was 8.8–10.3 t/hm² in Fuyang and 8.0–10.2 t/hm² in Wenzhou, being the highest in both sites. 2) The growth period of the tested cultivars at two latitudes differed. Compared with the high latitude, there was no significant difference in the vegetative stage at the low latitude, and the reproductive stage was slightly reduced (4.2%–27.3%), while the grain filling stage was significantly shortened, among which IR, IJR and IJHR shortened by 7.3%–11.9%, 20.8%–41.9%, 23.1%–35%, respectively. 3) The differences in the temperature and light allocation in different growth period mainly reflected in the grain filling stage. The average temperature during the grain filling stage at the low latitude was higher than that at the high latitude (IR, IJR and IJHR increased by 0.4–2.4 ℃, 2.3–3.5 ℃ and 2.5–2.8 ℃, respectively). The effective accumulated temperature at the two latitudes varied with cultivars, and IR had no significance, while IJR and IJHR declined by 24.7–126.4 ℃ and 25.7–107 ℃, respectively. 4) The analysis of PCA showed that latitude was the primary cause for the accumulation differences of temperature and light resources and the yield (PC1 and PC2, contribution of 49%), followed by the cultivars' temperature and light sensitivity (PC5, contribution of 18%) and the panicle and grain structure (PC3, contribution of 14%).【Conclusion】 Compared to the high latitude, the decrease of yield of japonica rice is mainly due to the shortened growth period especially the grain filling stage, decreased effective accumulative temperature and sink. IJHR is characterized by higher yield advantages, which may be due to its grain superiority. Therefore, japonicas with heavy or large panicles may have higher application potential in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words: double-cropping late japonica rice, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, latitude, yield, growth period, temperature and light resources

摘要：

【目的】明确不同类型双季晚粳稻在长江中下游不同生态区产量表现、生育期及温光资源配置差异,为早籼-晚粳模式在长江中下游稻区应用提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2018–2019年在浙江富阳(30.13°N,海拔41.7 m)和温州(28.52°N,海拔83 m)开展。选择生产上大面积应用品种,以高产籼稻(IR)为对照,设置常规粳稻(IJR)和籼粳杂交稻(IJHR)2个处理。比较不同生态区晚季温光条件下籼稻、常规粳稻和籼粳杂交稻在产量、生育特性以及温光资源配置上的差异。【结果】1)低纬度下粳型水稻品种干物质量、有效穗数及库容较高纬度均有所下降,导致产量降低2.4%~19.1%;但结实率和千粒重稳定或略有提高。同时,籼粳杂交稻产量在两地均最高,分别为8.8~10.3 t/hm²(富阳)和8.0~10.2 t/hm²(温州);2)供试品种生育时期因纬度不同而存在差异。与高纬度相比,低纬度的水稻营养生长期无显著差异,穗发育期有所缩短(4.2%~27.3%),而灌浆期显著缩短,其中籼稻、常规粳稻以及籼粳杂交稻分别缩短7.3%~11.9%、20.8%~41.9%以及23.1%~35%。3)不同生育阶段温光配置差异主要体现在灌浆期,平均温度低纬度要高于高纬度(籼稻提高0.4~2.4 ℃;常规粳稻2.3~3.5 ℃;籼粳杂交稻2.5~2.8 ℃);有效积温纬度间的差异随品种类型而异,其中籼稻无显著变化,常规粳稻和籼粳杂交稻分别降低24.7~126.4 ℃和25.7~107 ℃。4)主成分分析表明,纬度变化造成的温光资源积累差异(PC1和PC2)是主因(贡献度49%),也是产量差异的主要原因;其次为品种的温光敏感性(PC5,贡献度18%)以及品种的穗粒结构(PC3,贡献度14%)。【结论】与高纬相比,低纬粳型水稻产量降低主要源于生育期缩短(灌浆期为主),有效积温减少,库容降低。籼粳杂交稻在低纬度仍具有较高的产量优势,可能源于其较强的穗粒优势。有鉴于此,重(大)穗型粳稻在长江中下游较低纬度双季晚稻种植可能更具有应用潜力。

关键词: 双季晚粳稻, 长江中下游, 纬度, 产量, 生育时期, 温光资源

Mengjia WANG, Min YIN, Guang CHU, Yuanhui LIU, Chunmei XU, Xiufu ZHANG, Danying WANG, Song CHENG. Ecological Differences in Yield, Growth Period and the Utilization of Temperature and Light Resources of Double-cropping Late japonica Rice in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(5): 475-486.

王孟佳, 殷敏, 褚光, 刘元辉, 徐春梅, 章秀福, 王丹英, 陈松. 长江中下游双季晚粳稻产量、生育时期及温光资源配置的生态性差异[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(5): 475-486.

Figures/Tables 10

References 32

[1]	李晨. “北粳南移”困境被破解[J]. 粮食科技与经济, 2019, 44(9): 11.
	Li C. The dilemma of “japonica moving from north to south” has been solved[J]. Grain Science and Technology and Economy, 2019, 44(9): 11. (in Chinese)
[2]	陈温福, 潘文博, 徐正进. 我国粳稻生产现状及发展趋势[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2006(6): 801-805.
	Chen W F, Pan W B, Xu Z J. Current situation and trends in production of japonica rice in China[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2006(6): 801-805. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	王晓凌. 中国东北粳稻供需及产业经营状况研究[D].北京: 中国农业科学院, 2012.
	Wang X L. Research on demand and supply, and production operation of Japonica rice in northeast China[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2012. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	梁玉刚, 周晶, 杨琴, 黄璜. 中国南方多熟种植的发展现状、功能及前景分析[J].作物研究, 2016, 30(5): 572-578.
	Liang Y G, Zhou J, Yang Q, Huang H. Development status, function and prospect analysis of the multiple cropping in southern China[J]. Crop Research, 2016, 30(5): 572-578. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	陈风波, 马志雄, 陈培勇. 农户水稻种植模式选择现状及其影响因素分析——对长江中下游地区四个省的调查[J]. 农业经济与管理, 2011(3): 62-73.
	Chen F B, Ma Z X, Chen P Y. Analysis on the present situation and influencing factors of farmers’ rice planting mode selection[J]. Agricultural Economics and Management, 2011(3): 62-73. (in Chinese)
[6]	段里成, 庞博, 商庆银, 石庆华, 潘晓华, 吴自明. 双季稻“早籼晚粳”栽培模式周年产量构成与经济效益分析[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(9): 82-85.
	Duan L C, Pang B, Shang Q Y, Shi Q H, Pan X H, Wu Z M. Analysis on annual yield composition and economic benefit of double cropping rice “early indica and late Japonica” cultivation mode[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(9): 82-85. (in Chinese)
[7]	罗海淑. 南方稻区籼改粳的可行性[J]. 江西农业, 2020(2): 80.
	Luo H S. Feasibility of “replace indica rice with japonica rice” in southern China[J]. Jiangxi Agriculture, 2020(2): 80. (in Chinese)
[8]	周活良, 黎二妹, 车新民, 谢忠平, 车慧燕. 双季晚粳高产栽培试验示范技术[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2013(4): 206-207.
	Zhou H L, Li E M, Che X M, Xie Z P, Che H Y. Experimental demonstration technique for high yield cultivation of double-season late japonica[J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2013(4): 206-207. (in Chinese)
[9]	花劲, 周年兵, 张军, 张洪程, 霍中洋, 周培建, 程飞虎, 李国业, 黄大山, 陈忠平, 陈国梁, 戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉, 郭保卫. 双季稻区晚稻“籼改粳”品种筛选[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(23): 4582-4594.
	Hua J, Zhou N B, Zhang J, Zhang H C, Huo Z Y, Zhou P J, Cheng F H, Li G Y, Huang D S, Chen Z P, Chen G L, Dai Q G, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H, Guo B W. Selection of late rice cultivars of japonica rice switched from indica rice in double cropping rice area[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(23): 4582-4594. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	郭保卫, 花劲, 周年兵, 张洪程, 陈波, 舒鹏, 霍中洋, 周培建, 程飞虎, 黄大山, 陈忠平, 陈国梁, 陈恒,戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 双季晚稻不同类型品种产量及其群体动态特征差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(8): 1220-1236.
	Guo B W, Hua J, Zhou N B, Zhang H C, Chen B, Shu P, Huo Z Y, Zhou P J, Cheng F H, Huang D S, Chen Z P, Chen G L, Chen H, Dai Q G, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H. Difference in yield and population characteristics of different types of late rice cultivars in double-cropping rice area[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015, 41(8): 1220-1236. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	殷敏, 刘少文, 褚光, 徐春梅, 王丹英, 章秀福, 陈松. 长江下游稻区不同类型双季晚粳稻产量与生育特性差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(5): 890-903.
	Yin M, Liu S W, Chu G, Xu C M, Wang D Y, Zhang X F, Chen S. Differences in yield and growth traits of different japonica varieties in the double cropping late season in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(5): 890-903. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	黄山, 何虎, 张卫星, 王志刚, 章秀福, 廖西元, 潘晓华. 不同粳稻品种在江西不同生态区的农学表现[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2013, 35(1): 25-32.
	Huang S, He H, Zhang W X, Wang Z G, Zhang X F, Liao X Y, Pan X H. Agronomic performance of different japonica rice varieties in different eco-regions in Jiangxi province[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2013, 35(1): 25-32. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	董啸波, 霍中洋, 张洪程, 李国业, 曹开蔚, 程飞虎, 黄大山, 戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕. 南方双季晚稻籼改粳优势及技术关键[J]. 中国稻米, 2012, 18(1): 25-28.
	Dong X B, Huo Z Y, Zhang H C, Li G Y, Cao K W, Cheng F H, Huang D S, Dai Q G, Xu K, Wei H Y. Advantages and key technology of “indica rice to japonica rice” of double-cropping late rice in southern China[J]. China Rice, 2012, 18(1): 25-28. (in Chinese)
[14]	陈波, 周年兵, 郭保卫, 舒鹏, 张洪程, 霍中洋, 程飞虎, 花劲, 黄大山, 陈忠平, 陈恒, 刘云发, 廖世亮. 江西双季晚稻不同纬度产量、生育期及温光资源利用的差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(8): 1403-1415.
	Chen B, Zhou N B, Guo B W, Shu P, Zhang H C, Huo Z Y, Cheng F H, Hua J, Huang D S, Chen Z P, Chen H, Liu Y F, Liao S L. Differences of double-cropping late rice in yield, growth stage and utilization of temperature and illumination in different latitudes of Jiangxi province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(8): 1403-1415. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	陈波. 江西双季晚稻不同类型品种综合生产力及其形成特征[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2017.
	Chen B. Studies on comprehensive productivity of different types of double-cropping late rice and characteristics analysis in Jiangxi Province[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2017. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Ball R A, Purcell L C, Carey S K. Evaluation of solar radiation prediction models in North America[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2004, 96(2): 391-397.
[17]	姚义, 霍中洋, 张洪程, 夏炎, 倪晓诚, 戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕. 不同生态区播期对直播稻生育期及温光利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(4): 633-647.
	Yao Y, Huo Z Y, Zhang H C, Xia Y, Ni X C, Dai Q G, Xu K, Wei H Y. Effects of sowing date on growth stage and utilization of temperature and illumination of direct seeding rice in different ecological regions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(4): 633-647. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	李杰, 张洪程, 董洋阳, 倪晓诚, 杨波, 龚金龙, 常勇, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 不同生态区栽培方式对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2011, 44(13): 2661-2672.
	Effects of Cultivation Methods on Yield, Growth Stage and utilization of temperature and illumination of rice indifferent ecological regions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(13): 2661-2672. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	张斯梅, 顾克军, 顾东祥, 张传辉, 许博, 张恒敢, 于建光, 杨四军. 江苏淮北地区粳稻产量与干物质生产特征研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(9): 1-7.
	Zhang S M, Gu K J, Gu D X, Zhang C H, Xu B, Zhang H G, Yu J G, Yang S J. Yield and dry matter production characteristics of japonica rice in Huaibei of Jiangsu[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2018, 34(9): 1-7. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	陈青春, 蓝盾, 赵新飞, 张大伟, 张永顺, 付丽娇, 李明, 李艳大. 不同生育期水稻干物质量与产量的关系研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2017, 56(7): 1221-1227.
	Chen Q C, Lan D, Zhao X F, Zhang D W, Zhang Y S, Fu L J, Li M, Li Y D. Study on the relationship between dry weight and yield of rice at different growth stages[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 56(7): 1221-1227. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	敖和军, 王淑红, 邹应斌, 彭少兵, 唐启源, 方远祥, 肖安民, 陈玉梅, 熊昌明. 超级杂交稻干物质生产特点与产量稳定性研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(7): 1927-1936.
	Ao H J, Wang S H, Zou Y B, Peng S B, Tang Q Y, Fang Y X, Xiao A M, Chen Y M, Xiong C M. Study on yield stability and dry matter characteristics of super hybrid Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(7): 1927-1936. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	宋昕蔚, 林建荣, 吴明国. 水稻籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用研究进展与展望[J]. 科学通报, 2016, 61(35): 3778-3786.
	Song X W, Lin J R, Wu M G. Research progress and prospect of hybrid rice utilization of heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(35): 3778-3786. (in Chinese)
[23]	张洪程, 张军, 龚金龙, 常勇, 李敏, 高辉, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. “籼改粳”的生产优势及其形成机理[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(4): 686-704.
	Zhang H C, Zhang J, Gong J L, Chang Y, Li M, Gao H, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y. The productive advantages and formation mechanisms of “indica rice to japonica rice”[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(4): 686-704. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	冯达权, 彭国照. 地理变差及气候相似距与早、中稻引种适应性的研究[J]. 应用气象学报, 1992(3): 371-375.
	Feng D Q, Peng G Z. Study on the relation of geographic conditions variation and deviation of climatic analogue with the adaptability of rice varieties introduced[J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1992(3): 371-375. (in Chinese)
[25]	龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 江淮下游地区籼粳超级稻生育期与温光资源利用特征的差异研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28(3): 267-276.
	Gong J L, Xing Z P, Hu Y J, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H. Difference in growth duration and utilization of temperature and solar radiation between indica and japonica super rice in the lower Yangtze and Huaihe River Valley[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2014, 28(3): 267-276. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	孙建军, 张洪程, 尹海庆, 陈波, 郭保卫, 魏海燕, 戴其根, 王生轩, 陈献功, 姜元华, 姜明波, 杜元中, 夏彦. 不同生态区播期对机插水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(6): 113-121.
	Sun J J, Zhang H C, Yin H Q, Chen B, Guo B W, Wei H Y, Dai Q G, Wang S X, Chen X G, Jiang Y H, Jiang M B, Du Y Z, Xia Y. Effects of seeding date on yield, growth period and utilization of temperature and sunshine of mechanical transplanting rice in different ecological regions[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(6): 113-121. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	中稻宣. 2015年全国及各省(市、区)粮食及水稻播种面积和产量[J]. 中国稻米, 2017, 23(6): 110.
	Zhong Daoxuan. National and provincial(city, district) grain and rice planting area and production in 2015[J]. China Rice, 2017, 23(6): 110. (in Chinese)
[28]	陈波, 周年兵, 郭保卫, 黄大山, 陈忠平, 花劲, 霍中洋, 张洪程. 南方稻区“籼改粳”研究进展[J]. 扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版, 2017, 38(1): 67-72,88.
	Chen B, Zhou N B, Guo B W, Huang D S, Chen Z P, Hua J, Huo Z Y, Zhang H C. Progress of “indica rice to japonica rice” in southern China[J]. Journal of Yangzhou University: Agricultural and Life Science Edition, 2017, 38(1): 67-72, 88. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	王学林, 曾凯, 柳军, 谢金花, 张玉龙, 邓斌. 长江中下游地区双季稻生长季内热量资源的变化特征及温度适宜度分析[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2021(3): 27-37.
	Wang X L, Zeng K, Liu J, Xie J H, Zhang Y L, Deng B. Variation characteristics of heat resource and temperature suitability for double cropping rice growing seasons in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University: Natural Science Edition, 2021(3): 27-37. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	唐健, 唐闯, 郭保卫, 张诚信, 卫平洋, 张洪程, 陈恒, 李雄, 廖赟华, 李秋保, 余进, 孙明珠, 邵彩虹. 江西不同生态区优质双季晚稻产量、品质及温光资源利用差异[J]. 扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版, 2019, 40(6): 8-15.
	Tang J, Tang C, Guo B W, Zhang C X, Wei P Y, Zhang H C, Chen H, Li X, Liao Y H, Li Q B, Yu J, Sun M Z, Shao C H. Differences in yield, quality and utilization of temperature and illumination of high quality double-season late rice cultivars in different ecological regions of Jiangxi Province[J]. Journal of Yangzhou University: Agricultural and Life Science Edition, 2019, 40(6): 8-15. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	方杰, 谭旭生, 李智谋, 姚仁祥, 管恩相, 管锋. 湖南洞庭湖区发展“早籼晚粳”的优势分析及关键技术[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2015(11): 166-168.
	Fang J, Tan X S, Li Z M, Yao R X, Guan E X, Guan F. Advantage analysis and key techniques of developing early indica and late japonica in Dongting Lake district of Hunan Province[J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015(11): 166-168. (in Chinese)
[32]	邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 龚金龙, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 张强, 王文婷, 李德剑, 刘国林, 刘国涛, 朱佳炜. 迟播迟栽对不同类型粳稻品种机插产量及生育期的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2014, 20(3): 11-16.
	Xing Z P, Hu Y J, Zhang H C, Gong J L, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Zhang Q, Wang W T, Li D J, Liu G L, Liu G T, Zhu J W. Effect of late sowing and late transplanting on yield and period of duration of different types of mechanical transplanting rice[J]. China Rice, 2014, 20(3): 11-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	参考区域 Reference area	参考种植制度 Reference cropping system	熟性 Maturity	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	生育期 Growth duration/d
IR	黄华占Huanghuazhan	长江流域Yangtze River Valley	单季稻 SR	早熟Early maturity	7.97	127
	天优华占Tianyouhuazhan	长江流域Yangtze River Valley	单季稻 SR	早熟Early maturity	7.54	123
IJR	嘉58 Jia 58	浙江省Zhejiang Province	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	9.27	156
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	上海Shanghai	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	8.80	158
	宁粳4号Ningjing 4	江苏上海Jiangsu and Shanghai	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	8.79	156
	秀水134 Xiushui 134	浙江省Zhejiang Province	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	8.36	152
IJHR	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	浙江省Zhejiang Province	双季晚稻 DLR	迟熟Late maturity	10.27	145
	甬优540 Yongyou 540	浙江省Zhejiang Province	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	10.21	156
	甬优538 Yongyou 538	浙江省Zhejiang Province	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	10.78	154

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	参考区域 Reference area	参考种植制度 Reference cropping system	熟性 Maturity	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	生育期 Growth duration/d
IR	黄华占Huanghuazhan	长江流域Yangtze River Valley	单季稻 SR	早熟Early maturity	7.97	127
	天优华占Tianyouhuazhan	长江流域Yangtze River Valley	单季稻 SR	早熟Early maturity	7.54	123
IJR	嘉58 Jia 58	浙江省Zhejiang Province	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	9.27	156
	南粳46 Nanjing 46	上海Shanghai	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	8.80	158
	宁粳4号Ningjing 4	江苏上海Jiangsu and Shanghai	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	8.79	156
	秀水134 Xiushui 134	浙江省Zhejiang Province	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	8.36	152
IJHR	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	浙江省Zhejiang Province	双季晚稻 DLR	迟熟Late maturity	10.27	145
	甬优540 Yongyou 540	浙江省Zhejiang Province	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	10.21	156
	甬优538 Yongyou 538	浙江省Zhejiang Province	单季稻 SR	中熟Medium maturity	10.78	154

年份 Year		类型 Type		纬度 Latitude		品种 Cultivar		干物质量Biomass /(g·m^-2)			收获指数 Harvest index			有效穗数Productive panicle per m²			每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle			结实率 Seed setting rate/%			千粒重 1000-grain weight/g			库容 Sink /(×10⁴·m^-2)
2018		IR		富阳Fuyang		黄华占Huanghuazhan		1597±45			0.40±0.01			304±14			155±1			74.8±1.6			22.9±0.5			4.7±0.2
						天优华占Tianyouhuazhan		1545±87			0.43±0.02			265±20			200±16			58.2±2.3			23.7±0.3			5.3±0.1
				温州Wenzhou		黄华占Huanghuazhan		1349±67			0.56±0.01			290±3			133±2			69.9±6.2			23.3±0.2			3.9±0.1
						天优华占Tianyouhuazhan		1113±55			0.47±0.02			257±16			162±4			53.7±2.9			24.8±0.3			4.2±0.3
		IJR		富阳Fuyang		嘉58 Jia 58		1380±7			0.53±0.01			316±32			130±15			71.2±0.6			24.9±0.1			4.1±0.3
						南粳46 Nanjing 46		1767±150			0.41±0.02			318±20			147±5			70.3±2.1			26.2±0.2			4.7±0.1
						宁粳4号Ningjing 4		1653±44			0.42±0.01			331±21			147±2			60.2±0.6			25.4±0.2			4.9±0.2
						秀水134 Xiushui 134		1698±51			0.41±0.01			298±30			159±1			77.3±0.6			24.8±0.4			4.7±0.5
				温州Wenzhou		嘉58 Jia 58		1131±34			0.57±0			254±27			113±4			77.0±4.5			25.6±0.2			2.9±0.4
						南粳46 Nanjing 46		1213±79			0.51±0.01			284±18			104±2			66.0±3.2			24.1±0.6			2.9±0.2
						宁粳4号Ningjing 4		1104±52			0.43±0.01			230±7			97±0			76.9±0.7			24.5±0.3			2.2±0.1
						秀水134 Xiushui 134		1207±55			0.57±0.02			258±15			118±2			73.4±2.0			24.5±0.4			3.1±0.2
		IJHR		富阳Fuyang		甬优1540 Yongyou 1540		1938±134			0.44±0.01			222±24			278±14			70.3±0.9			22.5±0.3			6.2±0.5
						甬优538 Yongyou 538		1892±47			0.43±0			217±5			340±8			57.3±0.5			22.0±0.2			7.4±0.3
						甬优540 Yongyou 540		1954±71			0.39±0			231±13			316±17			61.6±1.7			21.7±0.2			7.3±0.2
				温州Wenzhou		甬优1540 Yongyou 1540		1606±97			0.55±0.01			203±14			209±15			77.3±5.0			23.4±0.4			4.2±0.5
						甬优538 Yongyou 538		1424±90			0.58±0.01			178±18			261±17			70.9±3.4			22.5±0.1			4.6±0.4
						甬优540 Yongyou 540		1303±74			0.56±0.02			179±13			219±14			66.1±3.5			21.9±0.2			3.9±0.5
		均值		IR		富阳 Fuyang		1571 b			0.42 c			285 b			177 c			66.5 abc			23.3 c			5.0 b
		Average				温州 Wenzhou		1231 c			0.52 b			274 bc			148 d			61.8 c			24.1 b			4.0 d
				IJR		富阳 Fuyang		1624 b			0.44 c			316 a			146 d			69.8 ab			25.3 a			4.6 bc
						温州 Wenzhou		1164 c			0.52 ab			257 c			108 e			73.3 a			24.7 b			2.8 e
				IJHR		富阳 Fuyang		1928 a			0.42 c			223 d			311 a			63.1 bc			22.1 d			6.9 a
						温州 Wenzhou		1444 c			0.56 a			187 e			230 b			71.4 a			22.6 d			4.3 cd
ANOVA
品种类型 Type(T)							28.36^***			38.57^***			28.59^***			296.72^***			29.20^***			113.95^***			37.38^***
纬度 Latitude(L)							448.72^***			788.59^***			63.21^***			350.11^***			18.24^**			0.16			230.86^**
T×L							5.03^**			32.81^***			3.42^**			10.53^***			12.40^***			17.12^***			5.87^**
2019	IR		富阳Fuyang		黄华占Huanghuazhan				1906±176			0.32±0.01			312±6			139±5			91.6±0.3			22.4±0.3			4.3±0.1
					天优华占Tianyouhuazhan				1828±216			0.44±0.03			311±12			134±10			93.7±3.0			23.9±0.8			4.2±0.3
			温州Wenzhou		黄华占Huanghuazhan				1434±157			0.43±0.03			278±23			148±7			92.6±0.3			20.6±0.1			4.1±0.3
					天优华占Tianyouhuazhan				1340±175			0.49±0.04			238±9			196±11			80.1±3.2			21.9±0.1			4.6±0.1
	IJR		富阳Fuyang		嘉58 Jia 58				1839±124			0.41±0.03			330±22			123±8			93.8±1.7			22.7±0.4			4.1±0.1
					南粳46 Nanjing 46				1561±119			0.46±0.02			370±18			91±1			93.9±0.8			25.7±0.6			3.4±0.2
					宁粳4号Ningjing 4				1307±148			0.56±0.03			299±23			155±3			82.8±2.2			23.5±0.8			4.6±0.4
					秀水134 Xiushui 134				1512±84			0.46±0.03			320±13			105±6			97.3±0.7			23.4±0			3.4±0.3
			温州Wenzhou		嘉58 Jia 58				1239±162			0.51±0.04			258±9			115±8			91.5±0			24.8±0.3			3.0±0.1
					南粳46 Nanjing 46				1175±223			0.49±0.08			254±20			109±11			91.4±3.1			25.8±0.5			2.8±0.3
					宁粳4号Ningjing 4				1020±68			0.59±0.09			240±4			131±3			84.5±0.3			23.5±0.4			3.2±0.1
					秀水134 Xiushui 134				1335±334			0.45±0.10			236±12			139±15			92.3±1.9			24.3±0.2			3.3±0.5
	IJHR		富阳Fuyang		甬优1540 Yongyou 1540				1935±242			0.46±0.03			253±11			205±15			90.5±2.9			20.5±0.9			5.2±0.4
					甬优538 Yongyou 538				1743±78			0.50±0.04			232±3			222±3			93.8±4.1			19.6±0.3			5.1±0
					甬优540 Yongyou 540				1869±41			0.45±0.01			243±8			228±5			90.4±2.1			19.1±0.9			5.5±0.1
			温州Wenzhou		甬优1540 Yongyou 1540				1450±342			0.49±0.08			189±8			292±26			91.5±2.3			21.4±0.1			5.5±0.7
					甬优538 Yongyou 538				1373±134			0.54±0.03			205±11			241±52			85.0±2.6			20.9±0.1			4.9±0.9
					甬优540 Yongyou 540				1491±227			0.46±0.03			185±5			249±9			87.1±0			20.8±0.4			4.6±0.1
	均值		IR		富阳 Fuyang				1867 a			0.38 b			311 a			136 d			92.7 a			23.2 b			4.2 bc
	Average				温州 Wenzhou				1387 bc			0.46 a			258 b			172 c			86.4 b			21.3 c			4.4 b
			IJR		富阳 Fuyang				1555 b			0.47 a			330 a			119 d			91.9 a			23.8 ab			3.9 c
					温州 Wenzhou				1192 c			0.51 a			247 b			124 d			89.9 ab			24.6 a			3.0 d
			IJHR		富阳 Fuyang				1849 a			0.47 a			243 b			218 b			91.5 a			19.7 d			5.3 a
					温州 Wenzhou				1438 b			0.50 a			193 c			260 a			87.9 ab			21.0 c			5.0 a
ANOVA
品种类型 Type(T)									5.17^**			9.06^***			44.64^***			76.55^***			15.33^***			93.88^***			32.06^***
纬度 Latitude(L)									62.63^***			11.78^**			311.87^***			31.50^***			36.28^***			7.38^*			16.40^**
T×L									0.66			1.32			5.83^***			6.75^***			8.26^***			12.96^***			4.92^**

年份 Year		类型 Type		纬度 Latitude		品种 Cultivar		干物质量Biomass /(g·m^-2)			收获指数 Harvest index			有效穗数Productive panicle per m²			每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle			结实率 Seed setting rate/%			千粒重 1000-grain weight/g			库容 Sink /(×10⁴·m^-2)
2018		IR		富阳Fuyang		黄华占Huanghuazhan		1597±45			0.40±0.01			304±14			155±1			74.8±1.6			22.9±0.5			4.7±0.2
						天优华占Tianyouhuazhan		1545±87			0.43±0.02			265±20			200±16			58.2±2.3			23.7±0.3			5.3±0.1
				温州Wenzhou		黄华占Huanghuazhan		1349±67			0.56±0.01			290±3			133±2			69.9±6.2			23.3±0.2			3.9±0.1
						天优华占Tianyouhuazhan		1113±55			0.47±0.02			257±16			162±4			53.7±2.9			24.8±0.3			4.2±0.3
		IJR		富阳Fuyang		嘉58 Jia 58		1380±7			0.53±0.01			316±32			130±15			71.2±0.6			24.9±0.1			4.1±0.3
						南粳46 Nanjing 46		1767±150			0.41±0.02			318±20			147±5			70.3±2.1			26.2±0.2			4.7±0.1
						宁粳4号Ningjing 4		1653±44			0.42±0.01			331±21			147±2			60.2±0.6			25.4±0.2			4.9±0.2
						秀水134 Xiushui 134		1698±51			0.41±0.01			298±30			159±1			77.3±0.6			24.8±0.4			4.7±0.5
				温州Wenzhou		嘉58 Jia 58		1131±34			0.57±0			254±27			113±4			77.0±4.5			25.6±0.2			2.9±0.4
						南粳46 Nanjing 46		1213±79			0.51±0.01			284±18			104±2			66.0±3.2			24.1±0.6			2.9±0.2
						宁粳4号Ningjing 4		1104±52			0.43±0.01			230±7			97±0			76.9±0.7			24.5±0.3			2.2±0.1
						秀水134 Xiushui 134		1207±55			0.57±0.02			258±15			118±2			73.4±2.0			24.5±0.4			3.1±0.2
		IJHR		富阳Fuyang		甬优1540 Yongyou 1540		1938±134			0.44±0.01			222±24			278±14			70.3±0.9			22.5±0.3			6.2±0.5
						甬优538 Yongyou 538		1892±47			0.43±0			217±5			340±8			57.3±0.5			22.0±0.2			7.4±0.3
						甬优540 Yongyou 540		1954±71			0.39±0			231±13			316±17			61.6±1.7			21.7±0.2			7.3±0.2
				温州Wenzhou		甬优1540 Yongyou 1540		1606±97			0.55±0.01			203±14			209±15			77.3±5.0			23.4±0.4			4.2±0.5
						甬优538 Yongyou 538		1424±90			0.58±0.01			178±18			261±17			70.9±3.4			22.5±0.1			4.6±0.4
						甬优540 Yongyou 540		1303±74			0.56±0.02			179±13			219±14			66.1±3.5			21.9±0.2			3.9±0.5
		均值		IR		富阳 Fuyang		1571 b			0.42 c			285 b			177 c			66.5 abc			23.3 c			5.0 b
		Average				温州 Wenzhou		1231 c			0.52 b			274 bc			148 d			61.8 c			24.1 b			4.0 d
				IJR		富阳 Fuyang		1624 b			0.44 c			316 a			146 d			69.8 ab			25.3 a			4.6 bc
						温州 Wenzhou		1164 c			0.52 ab			257 c			108 e			73.3 a			24.7 b			2.8 e
				IJHR		富阳 Fuyang		1928 a			0.42 c			223 d			311 a			63.1 bc			22.1 d			6.9 a
						温州 Wenzhou		1444 c			0.56 a			187 e			230 b			71.4 a			22.6 d			4.3 cd
ANOVA
品种类型 Type(T)							28.36^***			38.57^***			28.59^***			296.72^***			29.20^***			113.95^***			37.38^***
纬度 Latitude(L)							448.72^***			788.59^***			63.21^***			350.11^***			18.24^**			0.16			230.86^**
T×L							5.03^**			32.81^***			3.42^**			10.53^***			12.40^***			17.12^***			5.87^**
2019	IR		富阳Fuyang		黄华占Huanghuazhan				1906±176			0.32±0.01			312±6			139±5			91.6±0.3			22.4±0.3			4.3±0.1
					天优华占Tianyouhuazhan				1828±216			0.44±0.03			311±12			134±10			93.7±3.0			23.9±0.8			4.2±0.3
			温州Wenzhou		黄华占Huanghuazhan				1434±157			0.43±0.03			278±23			148±7			92.6±0.3			20.6±0.1			4.1±0.3
					天优华占Tianyouhuazhan				1340±175			0.49±0.04			238±9			196±11			80.1±3.2			21.9±0.1			4.6±0.1
	IJR		富阳Fuyang		嘉58 Jia 58				1839±124			0.41±0.03			330±22			123±8			93.8±1.7			22.7±0.4			4.1±0.1
					南粳46 Nanjing 46				1561±119			0.46±0.02			370±18			91±1			93.9±0.8			25.7±0.6			3.4±0.2
					宁粳4号Ningjing 4				1307±148			0.56±0.03			299±23			155±3			82.8±2.2			23.5±0.8			4.6±0.4
					秀水134 Xiushui 134				1512±84			0.46±0.03			320±13			105±6			97.3±0.7			23.4±0			3.4±0.3
			温州Wenzhou		嘉58 Jia 58				1239±162			0.51±0.04			258±9			115±8			91.5±0			24.8±0.3			3.0±0.1
					南粳46 Nanjing 46				1175±223			0.49±0.08			254±20			109±11			91.4±3.1			25.8±0.5			2.8±0.3
					宁粳4号Ningjing 4				1020±68			0.59±0.09			240±4			131±3			84.5±0.3			23.5±0.4			3.2±0.1
					秀水134 Xiushui 134				1335±334			0.45±0.10			236±12			139±15			92.3±1.9			24.3±0.2			3.3±0.5
	IJHR		富阳Fuyang		甬优1540 Yongyou 1540				1935±242			0.46±0.03			253±11			205±15			90.5±2.9			20.5±0.9			5.2±0.4
					甬优538 Yongyou 538				1743±78			0.50±0.04			232±3			222±3			93.8±4.1			19.6±0.3			5.1±0
					甬优540 Yongyou 540				1869±41			0.45±0.01			243±8			228±5			90.4±2.1			19.1±0.9			5.5±0.1
			温州Wenzhou		甬优1540 Yongyou 1540				1450±342			0.49±0.08			189±8			292±26			91.5±2.3			21.4±0.1			5.5±0.7
					甬优538 Yongyou 538				1373±134			0.54±0.03			205±11			241±52			85.0±2.6			20.9±0.1			4.9±0.9
					甬优540 Yongyou 540				1491±227			0.46±0.03			185±5			249±9			87.1±0			20.8±0.4			4.6±0.1
	均值		IR		富阳 Fuyang				1867 a			0.38 b			311 a			136 d			92.7 a			23.2 b			4.2 bc
	Average				温州 Wenzhou				1387 bc			0.46 a			258 b			172 c			86.4 b			21.3 c			4.4 b
			IJR		富阳 Fuyang				1555 b			0.47 a			330 a			119 d			91.9 a			23.8 ab			3.9 c
					温州 Wenzhou				1192 c			0.51 a			247 b			124 d			89.9 ab			24.6 a			3.0 d
			IJHR		富阳 Fuyang				1849 a			0.47 a			243 b			218 b			91.5 a			19.7 d			5.3 a
					温州 Wenzhou				1438 b			0.50 a			193 c			260 a			87.9 ab			21.0 c			5.0 a
ANOVA
品种类型 Type(T)									5.17^**			9.06^***			44.64^***			76.55^***			15.33^***			93.88^***			32.06^***
纬度 Latitude(L)									62.63^***			11.78^**			311.87^***			31.50^***			36.28^***			7.38^*			16.40^**
T×L									0.66			1.32			5.83^***			6.75^***			8.26^***			12.96^***			4.92^**

年份 Year	类型 Type	纬度 Latitude	营养生长期 Veg	穗发育期 Rep	灌浆期 GF	全生育期 GP
2018	IR	富阳Fuyang	59 ab	24 ab	42 b	125 b
		温州Wenzhou	60 a	25 a	37 c	121 c
	IJR	富阳Fuyang	57 bc	22 bc	62 a	140 a
		温州Wenzhou	58 bc	16 d	36 c	110 e
	IJHR	富阳Fuyang	58 bc	22 abc	60 a	140 a
		温州Wenzhou	56 c	21 c	39 bc	116 d
ANOVA
品种类型Type (T)			7.94^**	18.06^***	40.93^***	9.23^**
纬度Latitude (L)			0.09	8.07^**	319.69^***	785.12^***
T×L			2.80	6.25^**	34.33^***	9.23^**
2019	IR	富阳Fuyang	60 b	25 a	41 c	126 b
		温州Wenzhou	62 a	19 b	38 d	118 c
	IJR	富阳Fuyang	58 bc	20 b	48 b	126 b
		温州Wenzhou	58 c	19 b	38 d	114 c
	IJHR	富阳Fuyang	56 d	26 a	52 a	134 a
		温州Wenzhou	58 c	21 b	40 bd	119 c
ANOVA
品种类型Type (T)			20.66^***	14.41^***	27.95^***	6.23^**
纬度Latitude (L)			5.64^*	32.08^***	157.32^***	49.09^***
T×L			4.63^*	4.78^*	12.95^***	1.41