中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 611-622.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.220202
魏晓东1, 张亚东1, 宋雪梅1,2, 陈涛1, 朱镇1, 赵庆勇1, 赵凌1, 路凯1, 梁文化1, 赫磊1, 黄胜东1, 谢寅峰2, 王才林1,*()
收稿日期:
2022-02-20
修回日期:
2022-05-22
出版日期:
2022-11-10
发布日期:
2022-11-10
通讯作者:
王才林
基金资助:
WEI Xiaodong1, ZHANG Yadong1, SONG Xuemei1,2, CHEN Tao1, ZHU Zhen1, ZHAO Qinyong1, ZHAO Ling1, LU Kai1, LIANG Wenhua1, HE Lei1, HUANG Shengdong1, XIE Yinfeng2, WANG Cailin1,*()
Received:
2022-02-20
Revised:
2022-05-22
Online:
2022-11-10
Published:
2022-11-10
Contact:
WANG Cailin
摘要:
【目的】研究南粳晶谷高产的光合生理特性,总结高产品种的光合优势,为高产水稻品种的选育提供理论依据。【方法】以南粳晶谷及其父母本为材料,研究南粳晶谷及其父母本从孕穗期到开花后42 d植株地上部干物质积累与分配、叶片光合生理特性和叶绿体超微结构。【结果】南粳晶谷的每穗粒数显著多于父母本,单位面积总颖花量比父母本多14%~27%;剑叶面积显著大于父母本,抽穗后地上部分干物质量始终高于父母本,灌浆后期向穗部转运量高;剑叶净光合速率在生育后期显著高于父母本,且高光合速率持续时间长;剑叶电子传递和光合性能指数PSⅡ光能转化性能都显著优于父母本,核心天线蛋白CP43、CP47在强光高温下的稳定性和调整能力优于父母本;叶绿体基粒片层垛叠程度高,叶绿体结构稳定,叶绿体衰败速度慢。【结论】南粳晶谷高产的光合特性是光合面积大,叶绿体结构稳定,高光合性能持续时间长;叶片PSⅡ光化学效率高,光合机构能量分配合理;最终表现为净光合速率高,光合产物多,转运效率高。
魏晓东, 张亚东, 宋雪梅, 陈涛, 朱镇, 赵庆勇, 赵凌, 路凯, 梁文化, 赫磊, 黄胜东, 谢寅峰, 王才林. 高产粳稻品种南粳晶谷的光合生理特性研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(6): 611-622.
WEI Xiaodong, ZHANG Yadong, SONG Xuemei, CHEN Tao, ZHU Zhen, ZHAO Qinyong, ZHAO Ling, LU Kai, LIANG Wenhua, HE Lei, HUANG Shengdong, XIE Yinfeng, WANG Cailin. Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of High Yield japonica Rice Variety Nanjingjinggu[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(6): 611-622.
荧光参数 Fluorescence parameters | 生物学意义 Biological significance |
---|---|
F0 | 暗适应最小荧光Minimal fluorescence intensity |
Fm | 暗适应最大荧光Maximal fluorescence intensity |
ABS/RC | 单位反应中心吸收的光能Absorption flux per RC |
TR0/RC | 单位反应中心捕获的光能Trapped energy flux per RC at t = 0 |
ET0/RC | 单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量Electron transport flux per RC at t =0 |
DI0/RC | 单位反应中心耗散的能量Dissipated energy flux per RC at t = 0 |
ABS/CSm | 单位截面吸收的光能Absorption flux per CS at t=tFm |
TR0/CSm | 单位截面捕获的光能Trapped energy flux per CS at t = tFm |
ET0/CSm | 单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量Electron transport flux per CS at t = tFm |
DI0/CSm | 单位截面耗散的光能Dissipated energy flux per CS at t = tFm |
Sm | 标准化后的 J-P 相和直线 F=Fm 之间的面积Relative area between Fm and Ft |
φE0 | 用于电子传递的量子产额(在 t = 0 时) Quantum yield for electron transport at t = 0 |
RC/CS0 | 单位面积有活性反应中心数(在 t = 0 时) Density of reaction centers per cross-section |
PIabs Fv/Fm(Maximum photochemical efficiency) | 光合性能指数Performance index 最大光化学效率 |
DAF | 开花后天数Days after flowering |
表1 叶绿素荧光参数及相关缩写
Table 1. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and related abbreviations.
荧光参数 Fluorescence parameters | 生物学意义 Biological significance |
---|---|
F0 | 暗适应最小荧光Minimal fluorescence intensity |
Fm | 暗适应最大荧光Maximal fluorescence intensity |
ABS/RC | 单位反应中心吸收的光能Absorption flux per RC |
TR0/RC | 单位反应中心捕获的光能Trapped energy flux per RC at t = 0 |
ET0/RC | 单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量Electron transport flux per RC at t =0 |
DI0/RC | 单位反应中心耗散的能量Dissipated energy flux per RC at t = 0 |
ABS/CSm | 单位截面吸收的光能Absorption flux per CS at t=tFm |
TR0/CSm | 单位截面捕获的光能Trapped energy flux per CS at t = tFm |
ET0/CSm | 单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量Electron transport flux per CS at t = tFm |
DI0/CSm | 单位截面耗散的光能Dissipated energy flux per CS at t = tFm |
Sm | 标准化后的 J-P 相和直线 F=Fm 之间的面积Relative area between Fm and Ft |
φE0 | 用于电子传递的量子产额(在 t = 0 时) Quantum yield for electron transport at t = 0 |
RC/CS0 | 单位面积有活性反应中心数(在 t = 0 时) Density of reaction centers per cross-section |
PIabs Fv/Fm(Maximum photochemical efficiency) | 光合性能指数Performance index 最大光化学效率 |
DAF | 开花后天数Days after flowering |
品种 Variety | 穗数 PN/(×104 hm-2) | 每穗粒数 SP | 结实率 SSR/% | 千粒重 TGW/g | 单株粒重 GW/g | 产量 GY/(kg·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南粳晶谷Nanjingjinggu | 237.3±27.2 b | 135.8±26.5 a | 91.2±0.5 a | 26.8±0.1 b | 31.5±1.4 a | 12068.0±554.5 a |
南粳44 Nanjing 44 | 226.6±42.3 b | 112.0±14.3 b | 90.7±0.9 a | 28.2±0.5 a | 25.2±5.5 c | 9623.7±139.3 c |
宁6301 Ning 6301 | 258.2±9.7 a | 109.6±4.1 b | 90.0±4.7 a | 25.4±0.1 b | 28.1±1.3 b | 10748.3±507.2 b |
表2 南粳晶谷及其父母本的产量性状
Table 2. Yield traits of Nanjingjinggu and its parents.
品种 Variety | 穗数 PN/(×104 hm-2) | 每穗粒数 SP | 结实率 SSR/% | 千粒重 TGW/g | 单株粒重 GW/g | 产量 GY/(kg·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南粳晶谷Nanjingjinggu | 237.3±27.2 b | 135.8±26.5 a | 91.2±0.5 a | 26.8±0.1 b | 31.5±1.4 a | 12068.0±554.5 a |
南粳44 Nanjing 44 | 226.6±42.3 b | 112.0±14.3 b | 90.7±0.9 a | 28.2±0.5 a | 25.2±5.5 c | 9623.7±139.3 c |
宁6301 Ning 6301 | 258.2±9.7 a | 109.6±4.1 b | 90.0±4.7 a | 25.4±0.1 b | 28.1±1.3 b | 10748.3±507.2 b |
图1 南粳晶谷及其父母本孕穗期剑叶面积 *表示与南粳晶谷的差异达5%显著水平。
Fig. 1. Flag leaf area of Nanjingjinggu and its parents at booting stage. Difference at the 5% level compared with Nanjingjinggu. The same as in figures below.
图2 南粳晶谷及其父母本孕穗到开花后42 d茎叶干质量、穗干质量和地上部总干物质量 *表示南粳晶谷与南粳44和/或宁6301的差异达5%显著水平。下同。
Fig. 2. Stem and leaf dry weight (SLDW), panicle dry weight (PDW) and total dry weight (TDW) of aboveground part of Nanjingjinggu and its parents from booting. *Means significant difference between Nanjingjinggu and Nanjing 44 and / or Ning 6301 at the 5% level. The same below.
图3 南粳晶谷及其父母本孕穗到开花后35 d的SPAD值和剑叶净光合速率
Fig. 3. SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate in flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents from booting stage to 35 days after flowering (DAF).
图4 南粳晶谷及其父母本孕穗到开花后35 d剑叶叶绿素荧光动力学参数
Fig. 4. Fluorescence transient parameters of flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents from booting stage to 35 days after flowering (DAF).
图5 南粳晶谷及其父母本在花后21 d、35 d 在8:00、12:00和18:00剑叶叶绿素荧光动力学参数
Fig. 5. Fluorescence transient parameters of flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents of different varieties at 8:00 am, 12:00, 18:00 on 21 d and 35 d after flowering.
图6 南粳晶谷及其父母本开花后21 d和35 d剑叶CP43和CP47蛋白表达量 A-不同品种剑叶CP43在花后21 d、花后35 d上午8:00、中午12:00、下午18:00蛋白表达量;B-不同品种剑叶CP47在花后21 d、花后35 d上午8:00、中午12:00、下午18:00蛋白表达量。
Fig. 6. Immunoblot with antibodies against CP43 and CP47 in flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents at 21 d and 35 d after flowering. A, Comparison of immunoblot with antibodies against CP43 in flag leaves of different varieties at 8:00, 12:00, 18:00 on 21 DAF and 35 DAF; B, Comparison of immunoblot with antibodies against CP47 in flag leaves of different varieties at 8:00, 12:00, 18:00 on 21d and 35 d.
图7 南粳晶谷及其亲本花后21 d和35 d剑叶叶绿体超微结构 A-南粳晶谷花后21 d;B-南粳44花后21 d;C-宁6301花后21 d;D-南粳晶谷花后35 d;E-南粳44花后35 d;F-宁6301花后35 d。G-基粒类囊体;ST-基质类囊体;O-嗜锇滴。
Fig. 7. Chloroplast ultrastructure in flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents at 21 d and 35 d after flowering. A, Nanjingjinggu, 21 d after flowering; B, Nanjing 44, 21 d after flowering; C, Ning 6301, 21 d after flowering; D, Nanjingjinggu, 35 d after flowering; E, Nanjing 44, 35 d after flowering; F, Ning 6301, 35 d after flowering. G, Granum thylakoid; ST, Stroma thylakoid; O, Osmiophilic granule.
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