中国水稻科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 525-538.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.0701

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水稻淀粉合成对夜温变化的响应

张玉屏1,2,#, 王军可2,#, 王亚梁2, 陈燕华2, 朱德峰2, 陈惠哲2, 向镜2, 张义凯2, 刘小军1, 朱艳1, 曹卫星1,*()   

  1. 1 南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心/江苏省信息农业重点实验室,南京210095
    2 中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州 310006
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-01 修回日期:2020-09-11 出版日期:2020-11-10 发布日期:2020-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 张玉屏,王军可,曹卫星
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0300409);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LQ20C130009);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-22)

Response ofRice Starch Synthesis to Night Temperature Changes

Yuping ZHANG1,2,#, Junke WANG2,#, Yaliang WANG2, Yanhua CHEN2, Dengfeng ZHU2, Huizhe CHEN2, Jing XIANG2, Yikai ZHANG2, Xiaojun LIU1, Yan ZHU1, Weixing CAO1,*()   

  1. 1 National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095,China
    2 China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 310006,China
  • Received:2020-07-01 Revised:2020-09-11 Online:2020-11-10 Published:2020-11-10
  • Contact: Yuping ZHANG, Junke WANG, Weixing CAO

摘要: 目的 探究夜温变化对水稻淀粉形成的影响及其生理机制【方法】以优质软米浙禾香2号为材料,在灌浆初期设置31℃/20℃ (LT)、31℃/24℃ (NT)、31℃/28℃ (HT)3个夜间温度模式,测定其直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量及合成关键酶活性及相关基因的表达。结果 1)与NT相比,LT和HT处理显著降低粒重和淀粉积累,降低糊化温度和胶稠度,并影响支链淀粉链长,降低支链淀粉含量,提高直链淀粉含量,HT的影响要大于LT;2) LT和HT处理对白天叶片净光合速率的影响不显著,但显著降低籽粒中非结构性碳水化合物积累,抑制蔗糖转运基因OsSUT1OsSUT2OsSUT4在夜间和白天表达;3) LT 和HT处理降低夜间和白天蔗糖水解相关酶活性,增加淀粉水解酶活性,导致可溶性糖含量升高,籽粒中糖利用受阻;4)与NT相比,LT和HT处理下腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖含量呈现白天降低而夜晚升高的趋势,腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖积累及利用受到抑制,颗粒结合淀粉合酶活性随处理时间延长而显著降低,且白天酶活性也受夜间温度的影响;5)与NT相比,LT和HT处理降低了夜间支链淀粉合成相关酶活性,抑制了夜间相关基因的表达,导致支链淀粉合成受阻,但对白天酶活及相关基因表达的影响不大。结论 夜间高温对淀粉积累的影响要大于夜温降低,夜间高温/低温抑制全天蔗糖转运及代谢,进而抑制淀粉积累;支链淀粉合成受阻是导致直链淀粉相对含量升高的主要原因,直链淀粉合成相关酶活性(白天)受夜温变化影响,而支链淀粉合成相关酶活性(白天)受夜温变化的影响不显著。

关键词: 水稻, 夜温变化, 淀粉积累, 生理特性, 昼夜差异

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the effect of night temperature changes on rice starch accumulation, and to explore circadian changes ofphysiological characteristics of rice amylose/amylopectin formation atvarious night temperatures.【Method】High-quality japonica rice ‘Zhehexiang 2’ was subjected to three night temperature gradients of 31℃/20℃ (LT), 31℃/24℃ (NT), and 31℃/28℃ (HT) at the beginning of grain ripening stage, and the amylose and amylopectin contents, the key enzyme activities involvedin amylose and amylopectin formation and the expression of related genes were measured at noon and midnight. 【Result】The results showed that1) compared with NT, LT and HT treatments significantly reduced grain weight and starch accumulation, LT and HT both reduced amylopectin content and increased amylose content, meanwhile the effect of HT was greater than LT. LT and HT treatments decreased grain pasting temperature and gel consistency, and hada significantinfluence on branched chain length. 2) The net photosynthetic rate of leaves under LT and HT presented no significant difference compared to NT, but LT and HT significantly reduced the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates, meanwhile down-regulated the expression level of sucrose transporter genes OsSUT1, OsSUT2, and OsSUT4 both at noon and midnight.3) LT and HT treatment reduced sucrose hydrolysis-related enzyme activities, meanwhile promoted starch hydrolase activities, resulting in increased soluble sugar contents,sugar utilization in grain was blocked.4) Compared with NT, the adenosine diphosphate glucose content showed a downward tendency during the day and a rising trend at night under the treatment of LT and HT,which presented that the accumulation and utilization of adenosine diphosphate glucose were inhibited. And the granules bound starch synthetaseactivity weresignificantly reduced under LT and HT compared to NT with the prolongation of the treatment, and the enzyme activity at daytimewas significantly influenced by temperature changing at night.5) Compared with NT, LT and HT reduced the activitiesof night-time amylopectin synthesis-related enzymes and inhibited the expression of night-time related genes, which retarded formation of amylopectin, but the enzyme activitiesrelated to amylopectin synthesis was not significantly influenced by night temperature changing. 【Conclusion】High night temperature hada lesseffect on starch accumulation than low night temperature. High or low night temperatureinhibitedsucrose transport and metabolism,resulting in declined starch accumulation. The retarding of amylopectin formation was the main reason for the increase of relative content of amylose at high or low night temperature.Night temperature changes directly affected the metabolic process of starch formation at night, but the daytime activities of amylose-related enzymes wereaffected by night temperature changes, while the daytime activities of amylopectin-related enzymes werenot significantly affected by night temperature changes.

Key words: rice, night temperature change, starch accumulation, physiological process, diurnal difference.

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