水稻落粒性的研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.9038

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

落粒性是野生稻适应自然环境和保持群体繁衍的重要性状,落粒性的丧失是水稻驯化过程中的一个关键事件。落粒程度既直接影响水稻的产量,也影响其对现代化机械收割方式的适应性。本文综述了近年来水稻落粒性的研究进展,包括水稻落粒的生理基础、落粒性基因的定位与克隆,以及调控落粒性的分子机理。

关键词: 水稻, 落粒性, 离层, 驯化

Abstract:

Seed shattering is one of the most important traits in wild rice. As an adaptation to the natural environment and the propagation of their offspring, the loss of seed shattering in rice has been a main target during plant selection and domestication. The seed shattering has a direct impact on the yield of rice and the way of its mechanical harvest. The review covers the current advances that have substantially deepen our understanding on seed shattering, such as the physiologic basis responsible for the seed shattering, the identification of crucial genes controlling this trait and the genetic mechanism underlying seed shattering in rice.

Key words: rice, shattering, abscission layer, domestication

中图分类号:

苟亚军, 杨维丰, 林少俊, 高彦昊, 栾鑫. 水稻落粒性的研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(6): 479-488.

Yajun GOU, Weifeng YANG, Shaojun LIN, Yanhao GAO, Xin LUAN. Research Progress on Rice Shattering[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(6): 479-488.

图/表 4

图1 水稻离层图解 a–水稻的离区;b–完整离层;c–不完整离层;RA–小穗轴;SL–护颖;AZ–离区;AL–离层;PE–花梗;VB–维管束;d~f–花和花梗交界处纵切面的荧光图像[15];d–完整离层;e~f–不完整离层;白色箭头所指处为离层,bar = 50 μm。

Fig. 1. Schematic of rice abscission layer. a, Abscission zone of rice; b, Complete abscission layer; c, Incomplete abscission layer; RA–Rachila; SL–Sterile lemma; AZ–Abscission zone; AL–Abscission layer; PE–Pedicel; VB–Vascular bundle; d-f, Fluorescence images of a longitudinal section of the flower and pedicel junction[15]; d–Complete abscission layer; e–f, Incomplete abscission layer, white arrows indicate abscission layer, bar = 50 μm.

图2 落粒性QTL在水稻染色体上的分布

Fig. 2. Shattering related QTLs on chromosomes in rice.

表1 已克隆的落粒性相关基因

Table 1 Cloned genes for grain shattering in rice.

基因符号 Gene	染色体 Chromosome	基因位点 Genomic locus	编码蛋白 Functional protein	参考文献 Reference
qSH1	1	Os01g0848400	BEL1型同源异型蛋白BEL1-type homeobox	[2]
OsGRF4/PT2	2	Os02g0701300	生长调控因子Growth-regulating factor	[40]
OsSh1	3	Os03g0650000	YABBY转录因子YABBY transcription factor	[41]
OsNPC1	3	Os03g0826600	磷酸酯酶C1 Phospholipase C1	[42]
ObSH3	3	OBART03G27740	YABBY转录因子 YABBY transcription factor	[43]
sh4/SHA1	4	Os04g0670900	Myb3转录因子 Myb3 transcription factor	[4,30]
SHAT1	4	Os04g0649100	AP2转录因子 AP2 transcription factor	[20]
GL4	4	ORGLA04G0254300	Myb3转录因子Myb3 transcription factor	[15]
OsLG1	4	Os04g0656500	SQUAMOSA启动子结合蛋白 SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein	[3,44]
SH5	5	Os05g0455200	BEL1型同源异型蛋白 BEL1-type homeobox	[45]
sh-h/OsCPL1	7	Os07g0207700	CTD磷酸化酶 CTD phosphatase	[46]
SSH1	7	Os07g0235800	AP2转录因子 AP2 transcription factor	[47]

图3 落粒性基因的调控解析

Fig. 3. Regulatory pathways of grain shattering genes in rice. AL–Abscission layer

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