粳稻种质资源芽期耐盐性综合评价与筛选

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6168

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】土壤盐渍化是危害水稻生产的重要非生物胁迫之一。鉴定水稻种质资源发芽期耐盐性,筛选耐盐指标,培育耐盐品种,对水稻生产的发展具有重要意义。【方法】利用125 mmol/L NaCl溶液对64份粳稻种质资源进行盐胁迫,于胁迫后3 d测定发芽数;胁迫5 d、10 d后,测定发芽数、芽长和根长,并计算相对芽长、根长、发芽势、发芽率、盐害率,发芽指数和活力指数。运用多种统计学方法对各种质资源的芽期耐盐性进行综合评价,分析典型耐盐和盐敏感种质盐胁迫条件下的发芽特征。【结果】相对盐害率与相对根长、相对发芽势、相对发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均极显著负相关;除相对芽长外各指标间的相关性均达到极显著水平。通过聚类分析将64份粳稻种质资源划分成4个类群。第Ⅰ、Ⅳ类群分别为典型的盐敏感和耐盐类群,第Ⅱ类群为弱耐盐种质为主的混合类群,第Ⅲ类群主要由耐盐种质组成。通过主成分分析将7个评价指标转换为3个主成分,应用隶属函数和权重,获得了客观评价粳稻种质资源耐盐性的综合评价值 D。分别选取D值最高和最低的5份种质资源进行芽期耐盐指标的差异显著性分析,结果表明,两组种质资源盐胁迫5 d的各评价指标差异均达到极显著水平,10 d的评价指标除相对芽长外,均达到了显著差异水平。【结论】水稻芽期对盐胁迫较为敏感,且耐盐性不同的种质间差异显著。利用逐步回归和主成分分析获得发芽指数、相对根长和相对盐害率3个指标,可作为快速鉴定粳稻种质资源芽期耐盐性的重要指标,若采用多元统计方法评价可靠性更高。

关键词: 水稻, 种质资源, 芽期耐盐性, 主成分分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting rice growth and production. Salt resistance identification at germination stage, indices screening, and cultivar breeding of rice germplasm resources are important for rice production.【Method】Seeds of sixty-four japonica rice germplasm accessions germinated in the 125 mmol L^-1 NaCl solution. On the third day after salt stress, germination number of the seeds was measured. After salt stress for five and ten days, germination number, shoot length and root length were measured and then the relative shoot length, relative root length, relative germination potential, relative germination rate, relative salt damage rate, germination index and vigor index were calculated. Multiple statistical methods were used to comprehensively evaluate the salt tolerance of 64 rice japonica germplasm and the germination characteristics of typical salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice germplasm under salt stress were analyzed. 【Result】The relative salt damage rate was significantly negatively correlated with relative root length, relative germination potential, relative germination rate, germination index and vigor index. Except for relative shoot length, these six indexes were significantly correlated with each other. Through cluster analysis, 64 japonica rice germplasm were divided into four groups. The group Ⅰ and Ⅳ were typical salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant germplasm, respectively. The group Ⅱ was mainly composed of low salt-resistant rice and the group Ⅲ was moderately salt-tolerant. With the principal component analysis these seven single indexes could be converted to three principal components. An objective comprehensive evaluation value (D value) of salt tolerance was obtained using membership function with index weight method. The five highest and lowest D value germplasm resources were selected to carry on significance analysis. The results showed that except for relative shoot length, all of these seven indexes measured after stress for five and ten days were significantly different from the two types. 【Conclusion】Rice was sensitive to salt stress at germination stage and there were significant differences between different germplasm. Using stepwise regression and principal component analysis, germination index, relative root length and relative salt damage rate were selected as the key indexes for the rapid identification of salt tolerance of rice germplasm. If multivariate statistical method was used, the reliability will be improved.

Key words: rice, germplasm resource, salt tolerance at germination stage, principal component analysis, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

田蕾, 陈亚萍, 刘俊, 马晓刚, 王娜, 杨兵, 李莹, 郭海东, 李娟, 胡慧, 张银霞, 李培富. 粳稻种质资源芽期耐盐性综合评价与筛选[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(6): 631-642.

Lei TIAN, Yaping CHEN, Jun LIU, Xiaogang MA, Na WANG, Bing YANG, Ying LI, Haidong GUO, Juan LI, Hui HU, Yinxia ZHANG, Peifu LI. Comprehensive Evaluation and Selection of Rice (Oryza sativa japonica) Germplasm for Saline Tolerance at Germination Stage[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(6): 631-642.

图/表 9

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编号ID.	种质资源名称 Name of germplasm	原产地或来源 Origin	D值 D value	排名 Ranking	编号ID.	种质资源名称 Name of germplasm	原产地或来源 Origin	D值 D value	排名Ranking
OB1	合江21 Hejiang 21	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	0.235	63	OB33	罗平懒汉谷 Luopinglanhangu	云南 Yunnan	0.819	6
OB2	吉粳44 Jijing 44	吉林 Jilin	0.540	50	OB34	Daniela	巴西 Brazil	0.961	1
OB3	Hungarian No.1	澳大利亚 Australia	0.594	45	OB35	Arborio	意大利 Italy	0.843	4
OB4	Banat 725	澳大利亚 Australia	0.709	16	OB36	湟罗 Huangluo	苏联 The Soviet Union	0.810	8
OB5	东北小粒种 Dongbeixiaolizhong	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	0.491	56	OB37	Gostima	阿尔巴尼亚 Aerbaerya	0.868	2
OB6	罗萨马启蒂Rosa Marchetti	意大利 Italy	0.715	15	OB38	Rocca	意大利 Italy	0.722	12
OB7	意大利3号Italy 3	意大利 Italy	0.769	10	OB39	越光 Koshihikari	日本 Japan	0.670	27
OB8	Roma	意大利 Italy	0.548	47	OB40	水原1号 Suwon 1	韩国 Korea	0.719	13
OB9	Banat2951	澳大利亚 Australia	0.638	35	OB41	Rossi	意大利 Italy	0.823	5
OB10	Cigalon	法国 France	0.666	29	OB42	京香2号 Jingxiang 2	北京 Peking	0.535	51
OB11	Agostono	意大利 Italy	0.645	33	OB43	幸实 Sachiminori	日本 Japan	0.542	49
OB12	Rizzotto	意大利 Italy	0.521	54	OB44	咸南22 Xiannan 22	朝鲜 North Korea	0.698	22
OB13	水原55 Suwon 55	韩国 Korea	0.642	34	OB45	Hrborio Cyauco	南斯拉夫 Yugoslavia	0.851	3
OB14	秋铃 Qiuling	安徽 Anhui	0.546	48	OB46	新竹8号 Xinzhu 8	台湾 Taiwan	0.684	24
OB15	宁粳16 Ningjing 16	宁夏 Ningxia	0.211	64	OB47	镇稻2号 Zhendao 2	江苏 Jiangsu	0.701	21
OB16	嘉南8号 Jianan 8	台湾 Taiwan	0.607	43	OB48	嘉农485 Jianong 485	上海 Shanghai	0.299	62
OB17	Balilla	意大利 Italy	0.610	42	OB49	YR251	澳大利亚 Australia	0.795	9
OB18	荒木 Araki	日本 Japan	0.502	55	OB50	Calrose	美国 America	0.675	26
OB19	加合1号 Jiahe 1	浙江 Zhejiang	0.428	58	OB51	山福利亚 Shanfuliya	西非几内亚 Guinea	0.705	19
OB20	嘉湖3号 Jiahu 3	浙江 Zhejiang	0.636	37	OB52	日本晴 Nipponbare	日本 Japan	0.651	31
OB21	Cristal	法国 France	0.633	38	OB53	中花17 Zhonghua 17	北京 Peking	0.623	40
OB22	漾濞光壳陆稻Yangbiguangkeludao	云南 Yunnan	0.814	7	OB54	早生光头 Zaoshengguangtou	东北 Northeast of China	0.603	44
OB23	Bertone	葡萄牙 Portugal	0.716	14	OB55	小白芒 Xiaobaimang	浙江 Zhejiang	0.709	17
OB24	Farry	法国 France	0.528	52	OB56	法国稻 Faguodao	法国 France	0.637	36
OB25	中花9号 Zhonghua 9	北京 Beijing	0.525	53	OB57	陆羽132 Luyu 132	日本 Japan	0.681	25
OB26	Amepukahmib	意大利 Italy	0.669	28	OB58	芦苇稻 Luweidao	东北 Northeast of China	0.745	11
OB27	Kele (34978)	孟加拉 Bengal	0.484	57	OB59	红尖 Hongjian	浙江 Zhejiang	0.648	32
OB28	Galhardo	葡萄牙 Portugal	0.706	18	OB60	早糯稻 Zaonuodao	山东 Shandong	0.702	20
OB29	Kele (34979)	孟加拉 Bengal	0.629	39	OB61	露水稻 Lushuidao	河南 Henan	0.570	46
OB30	辽丰8号 Liaofeng 8	辽宁 Liaoning	0.361	60	OB62	永德3号 Yongde 3	韩国 Korea	0.611	41
OB31	千重浪 Qianchonglang	日本 Japan	0.394	59	OB63	新竹4号 Xinzhu 4	台湾 Taiwan	0.685	23
OB32	圭陆1号 Guilu 1	云南 Yunnan	0.660	30	OB64	ARC7042	印度 India	0.313	61

编号ID.	种质资源名称 Name of germplasm	原产地或来源 Origin	D值 D value	排名 Ranking	编号ID.	种质资源名称 Name of germplasm	原产地或来源 Origin	D值 D value	排名Ranking
OB1	合江21 Hejiang 21	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	0.235	63	OB33	罗平懒汉谷 Luopinglanhangu	云南 Yunnan	0.819	6
OB2	吉粳44 Jijing 44	吉林 Jilin	0.540	50	OB34	Daniela	巴西 Brazil	0.961	1
OB3	Hungarian No.1	澳大利亚 Australia	0.594	45	OB35	Arborio	意大利 Italy	0.843	4
OB4	Banat 725	澳大利亚 Australia	0.709	16	OB36	湟罗 Huangluo	苏联 The Soviet Union	0.810	8
OB5	东北小粒种 Dongbeixiaolizhong	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	0.491	56	OB37	Gostima	阿尔巴尼亚 Aerbaerya	0.868	2
OB6	罗萨马启蒂Rosa Marchetti	意大利 Italy	0.715	15	OB38	Rocca	意大利 Italy	0.722	12
OB7	意大利3号Italy 3	意大利 Italy	0.769	10	OB39	越光 Koshihikari	日本 Japan	0.670	27
OB8	Roma	意大利 Italy	0.548	47	OB40	水原1号 Suwon 1	韩国 Korea	0.719	13
OB9	Banat2951	澳大利亚 Australia	0.638	35	OB41	Rossi	意大利 Italy	0.823	5
OB10	Cigalon	法国 France	0.666	29	OB42	京香2号 Jingxiang 2	北京 Peking	0.535	51
OB11	Agostono	意大利 Italy	0.645	33	OB43	幸实 Sachiminori	日本 Japan	0.542	49
OB12	Rizzotto	意大利 Italy	0.521	54	OB44	咸南22 Xiannan 22	朝鲜 North Korea	0.698	22
OB13	水原55 Suwon 55	韩国 Korea	0.642	34	OB45	Hrborio Cyauco	南斯拉夫 Yugoslavia	0.851	3
OB14	秋铃 Qiuling	安徽 Anhui	0.546	48	OB46	新竹8号 Xinzhu 8	台湾 Taiwan	0.684	24
OB15	宁粳16 Ningjing 16	宁夏 Ningxia	0.211	64	OB47	镇稻2号 Zhendao 2	江苏 Jiangsu	0.701	21
OB16	嘉南8号 Jianan 8	台湾 Taiwan	0.607	43	OB48	嘉农485 Jianong 485	上海 Shanghai	0.299	62
OB17	Balilla	意大利 Italy	0.610	42	OB49	YR251	澳大利亚 Australia	0.795	9
OB18	荒木 Araki	日本 Japan	0.502	55	OB50	Calrose	美国 America	0.675	26
OB19	加合1号 Jiahe 1	浙江 Zhejiang	0.428	58	OB51	山福利亚 Shanfuliya	西非几内亚 Guinea	0.705	19
OB20	嘉湖3号 Jiahu 3	浙江 Zhejiang	0.636	37	OB52	日本晴 Nipponbare	日本 Japan	0.651	31
OB21	Cristal	法国 France	0.633	38	OB53	中花17 Zhonghua 17	北京 Peking	0.623	40
OB22	漾濞光壳陆稻Yangbiguangkeludao	云南 Yunnan	0.814	7	OB54	早生光头 Zaoshengguangtou	东北 Northeast of China	0.603	44
OB23	Bertone	葡萄牙 Portugal	0.716	14	OB55	小白芒 Xiaobaimang	浙江 Zhejiang	0.709	17
OB24	Farry	法国 France	0.528	52	OB56	法国稻 Faguodao	法国 France	0.637	36
OB25	中花9号 Zhonghua 9	北京 Beijing	0.525	53	OB57	陆羽132 Luyu 132	日本 Japan	0.681	25
OB26	Amepukahmib	意大利 Italy	0.669	28	OB58	芦苇稻 Luweidao	东北 Northeast of China	0.745	11
OB27	Kele (34978)	孟加拉 Bengal	0.484	57	OB59	红尖 Hongjian	浙江 Zhejiang	0.648	32
OB28	Galhardo	葡萄牙 Portugal	0.706	18	OB60	早糯稻 Zaonuodao	山东 Shandong	0.702	20
OB29	Kele (34979)	孟加拉 Bengal	0.629	39	OB61	露水稻 Lushuidao	河南 Henan	0.570	46
OB30	辽丰8号 Liaofeng 8	辽宁 Liaoning	0.361	60	OB62	永德3号 Yongde 3	韩国 Korea	0.611	41
OB31	千重浪 Qianchonglang	日本 Japan	0.394	59	OB63	新竹4号 Xinzhu 4	台湾 Taiwan	0.685	23
OB32	圭陆1号 Guilu 1	云南 Yunnan	0.660	30	OB64	ARC7042	印度 India	0.313	61

NaCl 浓度 NaCl Concentration /(mmol·L^-1)	芽期耐盐性 Salt tolerance	相对发芽势 Relative germination potential/%		相对盐害率 Relative salt damage rate /%		相对芽长 Relative shoot length/%		相对根长 Relative root length/%		发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vigor index
NaCl 浓度 NaCl Concentration /(mmol·L^-1)	芽期耐盐性 Salt tolerance	5 d	10 d	5 d	10 d	5 d	10 d	5 d	10 d	10 d	10 d
0	耐盐 ST	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	14.5±0.1 A	423.9±8.9 A
0	盐敏感 SS	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	14.8±0.3 A	396.8±39.2 A
50	耐盐 ST	96.6±2.7 A	97.8±2.3 A	3.4±2.7 A	2.2±2.3 A	63.7±2.4 A	68.5±3.6 A	69.1±1.1 A	38.0±2.9 A	14.4±0.4 A	160.2±19.6 A
50	盐敏感 SS	97.7±2.4 A	98.2±1.9 A	2.3±2.4 A	1.8±1.9 A	61.3±6.8 A	62.6±7.8 A	53.4±11.0 A	35.5±3.3 A	14.5±0.5 A	137.9±11.5 A
100	耐盐 ST	89.7±3.3 A	94.8±2.8 A	10.3±3.3 A	5.2±2.8 A	46.9±7.7 A	24.5±1.1 A	20.2±1.4 A	13.0±3.1 A	13.5±0.2 A	51.5±12.2 A
100	盐敏感 SS	85.6±5.6 A	96.4±3.3 A	14.4±5.6 A	3.6±3.3 A	38.4±2.7 A	23.6±4.3 A	16.1±2.7 A	7.8±1.7 B	13.2±0.4 A	27.4±4.6 B
125	耐盐 ST	84.6±4.9 A	89.3±3.8 A	15.4±4.9 A	10.7±3.8 A	48.5±2.5 A	27.8±0.4 A	25.8±1.8 A	9.9±1.6 A	13.1±0.4 A	38.1±6.6 A
125	盐敏感 SS	46.4±10.2 B	64.2±4.9 B	53.6±10.2 B	35.8±5.0 B	37.3±1.2 B	20.7±0.6 B	13.5±1.5 B	6.4±0.3 B	8.4±0.8 B	14.2±0.7 B
150	耐盐 ST	62.3±4.9 A	73.4±5.5 A	37.7±4.9 A	26.6±5.5 A	41.3±2.0 A	27.4±3.3 A	16.2±1.8 A	11.0±0.9 A	9.2±0.1 A	29.5±1.6 A
150	盐敏感 SS	48.5±9.4 B	62.0±4.8 B	51.5±9.4 B	38.0±4.8 B	38.0±1.8 A	22.0±1.9 A	12.3±0.8 B	7.2±0.7 B	7.9±0.5 B	15.1±1.4 B
175	耐盐 ST	34.2±4.9 A	59.6±3.8 A	65.8±4.9 A	40.4±3.8 A	28.7±2.2 A	21.0±1.8 A	7.6±2.3 A	5.3±1.7 A	6.3±0.7 A	9.7±2.2 A
175	盐敏感 SS	29.5±4.6 A	51.4±9.9 A	70.5±4.6 A	48.6±9.9 A	28.4±0.7 A	18.5±1.7 A	7.5±1.6 A	4.7±0.7 A	5.5±0.6 A	7.0±2.5 A
200	耐盐 ST	12.2±2.6 A	47.4±4.5 A	87.8±2.6 A	52.6±4.5 A	27.2±0.9 A	20.4±0.6 A	6.6±1.7 A	5.2±0.7 A	3.3±0.1 A	5.1±0.5 A
200	盐敏感 SS	9.2±3.9 A	43.8±4.2 A	90.8±3.9 A	56.2±4.2 A	28.1±0.5 A	17.1±1.4 A	6.4±0.2 A	4.5±0.6 A	3.1±0.2 A	3.2±1.0 A

NaCl 浓度 NaCl Concentration /(mmol·L^-1)	芽期耐盐性 Salt tolerance	相对发芽势 Relative germination potential/%		相对盐害率 Relative salt damage rate /%		相对芽长 Relative shoot length/%		相对根长 Relative root length/%		发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vigor index
NaCl 浓度 NaCl Concentration /(mmol·L^-1)	芽期耐盐性 Salt tolerance	5 d	10 d	5 d	10 d	5 d	10 d	5 d	10 d	10 d	10 d
0	耐盐 ST	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	14.5±0.1 A	423.9±8.9 A
0	盐敏感 SS	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	14.8±0.3 A	396.8±39.2 A
50	耐盐 ST	96.6±2.7 A	97.8±2.3 A	3.4±2.7 A	2.2±2.3 A	63.7±2.4 A	68.5±3.6 A	69.1±1.1 A	38.0±2.9 A	14.4±0.4 A	160.2±19.6 A
50	盐敏感 SS	97.7±2.4 A	98.2±1.9 A	2.3±2.4 A	1.8±1.9 A	61.3±6.8 A	62.6±7.8 A	53.4±11.0 A	35.5±3.3 A	14.5±0.5 A	137.9±11.5 A
100	耐盐 ST	89.7±3.3 A	94.8±2.8 A	10.3±3.3 A	5.2±2.8 A	46.9±7.7 A	24.5±1.1 A	20.2±1.4 A	13.0±3.1 A	13.5±0.2 A	51.5±12.2 A
100	盐敏感 SS	85.6±5.6 A	96.4±3.3 A	14.4±5.6 A	3.6±3.3 A	38.4±2.7 A	23.6±4.3 A	16.1±2.7 A	7.8±1.7 B	13.2±0.4 A	27.4±4.6 B
125	耐盐 ST	84.6±4.9 A	89.3±3.8 A	15.4±4.9 A	10.7±3.8 A	48.5±2.5 A	27.8±0.4 A	25.8±1.8 A	9.9±1.6 A	13.1±0.4 A	38.1±6.6 A
125	盐敏感 SS	46.4±10.2 B	64.2±4.9 B	53.6±10.2 B	35.8±5.0 B	37.3±1.2 B	20.7±0.6 B	13.5±1.5 B	6.4±0.3 B	8.4±0.8 B	14.2±0.7 B
150	耐盐 ST	62.3±4.9 A	73.4±5.5 A	37.7±4.9 A	26.6±5.5 A	41.3±2.0 A	27.4±3.3 A	16.2±1.8 A	11.0±0.9 A	9.2±0.1 A	29.5±1.6 A
150	盐敏感 SS	48.5±9.4 B	62.0±4.8 B	51.5±9.4 B	38.0±4.8 B	38.0±1.8 A	22.0±1.9 A	12.3±0.8 B	7.2±0.7 B	7.9±0.5 B	15.1±1.4 B
175	耐盐 ST	34.2±4.9 A	59.6±3.8 A	65.8±4.9 A	40.4±3.8 A	28.7±2.2 A	21.0±1.8 A	7.6±2.3 A	5.3±1.7 A	6.3±0.7 A	9.7±2.2 A
175	盐敏感 SS	29.5±4.6 A	51.4±9.9 A	70.5±4.6 A	48.6±9.9 A	28.4±0.7 A	18.5±1.7 A	7.5±1.6 A	4.7±0.7 A	5.5±0.6 A	7.0±2.5 A
200	耐盐 ST	12.2±2.6 A	47.4±4.5 A	87.8±2.6 A	52.6±4.5 A	27.2±0.9 A	20.4±0.6 A	6.6±1.7 A	5.2±0.7 A	3.3±0.1 A	5.1±0.5 A
200	盐敏感 SS	9.2±3.9 A	43.8±4.2 A	90.8±3.9 A	56.2±4.2 A	28.1±0.5 A	17.1±1.4 A	6.4±0.2 A	4.5±0.6 A	3.1±0.2 A	3.2±1.0 A

发芽时间Germination time/d	性状 Trait	分布范围 Range	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	F值 F-value	t值 t-value
5	相对芽长 Relative shoot length/%	0.0~76.1	31.4±13.1	38.867	11.874^**
	相对根长 Relative root length/%	0.0~23.1	4.6±4.1	134.862	18.869^**
	相对发芽势 Relative germination potential/%	0.8~100.0	81.0±25.8	49.951	5.225^**
	相对盐害率 Relative salt damage rate/%	0.0~99.2	19.0±9.4	–	–
10	相对芽长 Relative shoot length/%	7.3~40.7	18.1±5.6	48.184	22.891^**
	相对根长 Relative root length/%	0.6~13.4	4.7±2.5	77.975	30.868^**
	相对发芽率 Relative germination rate/%	58.9~100.0	94.9±7.4	21.272	4.238^**
	发芽指数 Germination index	2.1~14.9	12.7±3.0	39.713	5.096^**
	活力指数 Vigor index	1.7~67.7	27.5±15.4	73.327	30.660^**
	相对盐害率 Relative salt damage rate/%	0.0~41.1	5.1±7.4	–	–