不同氮磷钾处理对中浙优1号水稻产量、品质、养分吸收利用及经济效益的影响

doi:10．3969/j．issn．1001G7216．2015．04．009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用“3414”试验设计,在2008-2010年3年中研究了不同氮磷钾施肥处理对浙中水稻籽粒产量、品质、养分吸收利用及经济效益的影响。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥的施用可以显著提高籽粒产量,且3种肥料配施的增产效果显著优于任意两种肥料配施;其对籽粒产量的作用顺序为N> K>P。N₃P₂K₂处理产量最高,为8746 kg/hm²。施氮可提高稻米胶稠度、蛋白质含量和总氨基酸含量,降低碱消值;施磷可提高蛋白质含量;施钾可提高胶稠度、碱消值及蛋白质含量;氮、磷、钾肥的施用对直链淀粉含量均无显著影响。水稻养分总吸收量和100 kg籽粒养分需求量随施肥量增加而增加,肥料吸收利用率及农学利用率则随施肥量增加而下降。氮、磷、钾肥吸收利用率分别为25.2%、38.3%和36.0%。N₂P₂K₂、N₂P₃K₂、N₂P₂K₁和N₃P₂K₂处理的经济效益较高,比N₀P₀K₀处理分别提高21.1%、20.3%、20.3%和22.4%,差异达显著水平。利用肥料效应方程,得出该地区获得最高产量的氮、磷(P₂O₅)和钾(K₂O)肥施用量分别为258.8 kg/hm²、39.3 kg/hm²和100.8 kg/hm²。

关键词: 水稻, “3414”试验, 产量, 品质, 养分吸收利用, 经济效益

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2010 to reveal the effects of different nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) treatments on rice yield, quality, nutrient absorption-utilization and economic benefit by using the “3414” fertilizer experiment design. Results showed that N, P and K fertilization significantly increased rice grain yield, and the effect of combined application of those three fertilizers on grain yield was better than the combination of any of two fertilizers; the yield-increasing effect followed the order of N>K>P. The highest yield was obtained in N₃P₂K₂treatment, being 8746 kg/hm². N fertilization improved gel consistency (GC), protein content (PC) and total amino acid content, meanwhile reduced alkali spreading value (ASV); P fertilization improved PC; K fertilization improved GC, ASV and PC. The rice total nutrient (N, P₂O₅, K₂O) accumulation and nutrient absorption rates per 100 kg seeds increased with increasing fertilizer application rates, while the nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency decreased with the increase of applied fertilizer rates. The absorption and utilization efficiency for N, P and K were 25.2%, 38.3% and 36.0%, respectively. The economic benefits were increased by 21.1%, 20.3%, 20.3% and 22.4% for N₂P₂K₂, N₂P₃K₂, N₂P₂K₁ and N₃P₂K₂ treatments, respectively, compared with N₀P₀K₀ treatment. According to the fertilizer effect equations, the N, P(P₂O₅) and K( K₂O) application rates for the highest grain yield were 258.8 kg/hm²,39.3 kg/hm² and 100.8 kg/hm², respectively.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), “3414” experiment, yield, quality, nutrient absorption-utilization, economic benefit

中图分类号:

董作珍, 吴良欢, 柴婕, 陈远利, 朱跃忠. 不同氮磷钾处理对中浙优1号水稻产量、品质、养分吸收利用及经济效益的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(4): 399-407.

Zuo-zhen DONG, Liang-huan WU, Jie CHAI, Yuan-li CHEN, Yue-zhong ZHU. Effects of Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Treatments on Rice Yield, Quality, Nutrient Absorption-Utilization and Economic Benefit of Zhongzheyou 1 in Central Zhejiang Province,China[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(4): 399-407.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	籽粒产量 Grain yield			平均 Mean
处理 Treatment	2008		2009	2010
N₀P₂K₂	7646 c	6630 c	6666 b	6981 c
N₁P₂K₂	8665 b	7610 b	7025 b	7767 b
N₂P₂K₂	9155 a	8110 a	8246 a	8504 a
N₃P₂K₂	9412 a	8344 a	8480 a	8746 a
N₂P₀K₂	9079 a	7975 a	7491 b	8182 b
N₂P₁K₂	9137 a	8076 a	7945 ab	8386 ab
N₂P₂K₂	9155 a	8110 a	8246 a	8504 a
N₂P₃K₂	9121 a	8139 a	8202 a	8487 a
N₂P₂K₀	8511 b	7910 a	7640 c	8020 c
N₂P₂K₁	8994 a	8030 a	8039 b	8354 b
N₂P₂K₂	9155 a	8110 a	8246 a	8504 a
N₂P₂K₃	9102 a	7997 a	8211 a	8437 ab
N₀P₀K₀	7198	6390	5791	6460

处理 Treatment	籽粒产量 Grain yield			平均 Mean
处理 Treatment	2008		2009	2010
N₀P₂K₂	7646 c	6630 c	6666 b	6981 c
N₁P₂K₂	8665 b	7610 b	7025 b	7767 b
N₂P₂K₂	9155 a	8110 a	8246 a	8504 a
N₃P₂K₂	9412 a	8344 a	8480 a	8746 a
N₂P₀K₂	9079 a	7975 a	7491 b	8182 b
N₂P₁K₂	9137 a	8076 a	7945 ab	8386 ab
N₂P₂K₂	9155 a	8110 a	8246 a	8504 a
N₂P₃K₂	9121 a	8139 a	8202 a	8487 a
N₂P₂K₀	8511 b	7910 a	7640 c	8020 c
N₂P₂K₁	8994 a	8030 a	8039 b	8354 b
N₂P₂K₂	9155 a	8110 a	8246 a	8504 a
N₂P₂K₃	9102 a	7997 a	8211 a	8437 ab
N₀P₀K₀	7198	6390	5791	6460

肥效模型 Fertilizer effect model	肥料效应方程 Fertilizer response equation	R²值 R² value	养分 Nutrient	最高产量施肥量 Fertilizer application rate for maximum yield/(kg·hm^-2)
三元二次Three-factors	Y=6440.0241+10.0020N+11.1844P+3.9966K	0.966^**	N	370.9
	-0.0147N²-0.0050P²-0.0226K²		P₂O₅	128.9
	-0.0166NP+0.0178NK-0.0218PK		K₂O	172.6
二元二次Two-factors	Y=5959.4092+16.2599N+31.5368P	0.965^**	N	34.2
	-0.0193N²-0.1086P²-0.1180NP		P₂O₅	126.6
	Y=6172.0738+14.1154N+12.2388K	0.970^**	N	329.6
	-0.0194N²-0.0395K²-0.0231NK		K₂O	58.7
	Y=6893.9545+373427P+18.6715K	0.770^**	P₂O₅	34.7
	-0.1687P²-0.0488K²-0.2499PK		K₂O	102.6
一元二次One-factor	Y=6958.2820+11.7270N-0.0183N²	0.980^**	N	320.5
	Y=8179.1714+14.9438P-0.1702P²	0.788^*	P₂O₅	43.9
	Y=8018.7663+9.7925K-0.0495K²	0.867^**	K₂O	98.9

肥效模型 Fertilizer effect model	肥料效应方程 Fertilizer response equation	R²值 R² value	养分 Nutrient	最高产量施肥量 Fertilizer application rate for maximum yield/(kg·hm^-2)
三元二次Three-factors	Y=6440.0241+10.0020N+11.1844P+3.9966K	0.966^**	N	370.9
	-0.0147N²-0.0050P²-0.0226K²		P₂O₅	128.9
	-0.0166NP+0.0178NK-0.0218PK		K₂O	172.6
二元二次Two-factors	Y=5959.4092+16.2599N+31.5368P	0.965^**	N	34.2
	-0.0193N²-0.1086P²-0.1180NP		P₂O₅	126.6
	Y=6172.0738+14.1154N+12.2388K	0.970^**	N	329.6
	-0.0194N²-0.0395K²-0.0231NK		K₂O	58.7
	Y=6893.9545+373427P+18.6715K	0.770^**	P₂O₅	34.7
	-0.1687P²-0.0488K²-0.2499PK		K₂O	102.6
一元二次One-factor	Y=6958.2820+11.7270N-0.0183N²	0.980^**	N	320.5
	Y=8179.1714+14.9438P-0.1702P²	0.788^*	P₂O₅	43.9
	Y=8018.7663+9.7925K-0.0495K²	0.867^**	K₂O	98.9

处理 Treatment	胶稠度 Gel consistency /mm			直链淀粉含量 Amylose content /%				碱消值 Alkali spreading value/grade				蛋白质含量 Protein content /%					总氨基酸含量 Total amino acid content /%
处理 Treatment	2008		2009		2010		2008		2009	2010	2008	2009	2010	2008	2009	2010	2008	2009	2010
N₀P₂K₂	66.8 b	65.1 c	66.5 b	15.7 a	16.2 a	16.1 a	5.6 a	5.0 b	5.2 ab		9.0 d		8.1 d	8.1 d		6.4 d		6.8 d	6.7 d
N₁P₂K₂	68.6 b	66.9 bc	65.0 b	15.7 a	16.4 a	17.4 a	5.6 a	5.2 b	5.2 ab		10.1 c		9.1 c	9.3 c		7.6 c		7.8 c	7.3 c
N₂P₂K₂	73.2 b	69.5 b	72.8 ab	16.9 a	16.6 a	17.8 a	5.6 a	5.7 a	5.6 a		10.9 b		10.4 b	9.9 b		8.3 b		8.1 b	7.9 b
N₃P₂K₂	82.8 a	81.3 a	78.7 a	16.7 a	17.4 a	16.6 a	4.3 b	4.6 c	4.8 b		11.9 a		11.3 a	10.9 a		9.5 a		8.9 a	8.6 a
N₂P₀K₂	71.0 a	71.2 a	67.9 a	16.9 a	17.3 a	16.1 a	5.6 a	5.3 a	5.5 a		10.2 b		9.9 b	9.3 b		8.1 a		7.9 a	7.7 b
N₂P₁K₂	71.6 a	69.8 a	69.8 a	16.5 a	18.2 a	17.1 a	5.3 a	5.3 a	5.5 a		10.2 b		10.2 a	9.7 a		8.2 a		8.3 a	8.1 a
N₂P₂K₂	73.2 a	69.5 a	72.8 a	16.9 a	16.6 a	17.8 a	5.6 a	5.6 a	5.6 a		10.9 a		10.4 a	9.9 a		8.3 a		8.1 a	8.0 a
N₂P₃K₂	73.0 a	72.6 a	72.2 a	16.2 a	16.1 a	15.2 a	5.5 a	5.4 a	5.4 a		10.9 a		10.1 a	9.9 a		8.2 a		8.1 a	8.0 a
N₂P₂K₀	57.7 c	68.2 b	62.3 b	16.3 a	15.4 a	16.4 a	4.6 c	4.7 b	4.7 b		10.1 a		9.7 b	9.7 b		8.2 a		7.9 a	7.7 a
N₂P₂K₁	68.4 b	69.5 b	67.9 ab	16.7 a	17.1 a	15.8 a	4.8 bc	5.1 b	5.1 ab		10.5 a		10.3 a	9.8 b		7.9 a		8.1 a	7.8 a
N₂P₂K₂	73.2 a	72.0 ab	72.8 a	16.9 a	16.6 a	17.8 a	5.6 a	5.7 a	5.6 a		10.9 a		10.4 a	10.1 a		8.3 a		8.1 a	7.9 a
N₂P₂K₃	73.2 a	75.9 a	74.0 a	16.9 a	16.6 a	16.4 a	5.3 ab	5.7 a	5.3 a		10.4 a		10.4 a	10.1 a		8.1 a		7.9 a	7.9 a
N₀P₀K₀	65.3	64.8	65.7	16.1	16.3	16.5	5.2	5.3	5.3		9.0		8.5	8.4		6.6		6.8	6.9