水稻恶苗病抗性研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0511

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

恶苗病是水稻的主要病害,该病主要通过种子带菌传播,可对水稻的生产造成严重危害。近来国内外学者在水稻恶苗病抗性种质资源的筛选、抗性遗传、QTL定位和基因挖掘等方面取得了一定的进展。本文简要概述了水稻恶苗病菌分类和特征,比较了不同恶苗病抗性鉴定方法,分析了当前定位的水稻恶苗病抗性QTL数目和染色体分布,探讨了转录组学和蛋白组学技术在水稻恶苗病抗性基因挖掘中的最新研究成果,并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望,为今后深入开展恶苗病抗性研究和抗恶苗病水稻育种提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 恶苗病, 抗性, 藤仓镰孢菌, QTL定位

Abstract:

Bakanae disease is a main disease in rice and it seriously affects rice production, resulting in critical yield loss. Rice bakanae disease is mainly seed-borne. Researchers focused onscreening resistant germplasm resources, resistance genetics, QTL mapping and gene miningto the disease. In this review,classification and characteristics ofthe pathogen causing rice bakanae disease werebriefly summarized. Different kinds of methods for evaluation of rice bakanae disease resistancewere compared.The number and chromosome distribution of resistance QTLs to rice bakanae disease wereanalyzed. The latest research results of transcriptomics and proteomics onresistancegene mining to rice bakanaewerediscussed. Finally, the future direction of this fieldwas expected. The review provides a reference for in-depth study and rice breeding on bakanae disease resistance.

Key words: rice, bakanae disease, resistance, Fusariumfujikuroi, QTL mapping

季芝娟, 曾宇翔, 梁燕, 杨长登. 水稻恶苗病抗性研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(1): 1-10.

Zhijuan JI, Yuxiang ZENG, Yan LIANG, YANGChangdeng. Research and Progress of Bakanae Disease Resistance in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(1): 1-10.

图/表 6

参考文献 57

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交配种群 Mating population	无性态 Anamorph	有性态 Teleomorph	分泌的毒素 Mycotoxin
MP-C	Fusarium fujikuroi	Gibberellafujikuroi	串珠镰刀菌素、白僵菌素和伏马毒素Moniliformin, beauvericin, fumonisins
MP-A	Fusarium verticillioides	Gibberellamoniliformis	伏马毒素Fumonisins
MP-D	Fusarium proliferatum	Gibberella intermedia	伏马毒素、白僵菌素和二倍半萜烯真菌毒素Fumonisins, beauvericin,fusaproliferin

交配种群 Mating population	无性态 Anamorph	有性态 Teleomorph	分泌的毒素 Mycotoxin
MP-C	Fusarium fujikuroi	Gibberellafujikuroi	串珠镰刀菌素、白僵菌素和伏马毒素Moniliformin, beauvericin, fumonisins
MP-A	Fusarium verticillioides	Gibberellamoniliformis	伏马毒素Fumonisins
MP-D	Fusarium proliferatum	Gibberella intermedia	伏马毒素、白僵菌素和二倍半萜烯真菌毒素Fumonisins, beauvericin,fusaproliferin

鉴定方法 Evaluation method	孢子浓度 Spore concentration	处理条件 Treatment condition	抗性衡量指标 Resistance index	啊啊啊啊 aaaa
芽期浸菌接种 Immersing in spore suspension at germinationstage	100倍显微镜视野下 2000个孢子左右	浸菌接种3h	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
	560nm波长下20% 和50%透光率	30℃下振荡培养浸菌接种24h	根据5d后的幼苗徒长比率进行抗性分级(1~5级)	[24]
	8.8×10⁶个/mL	30℃下振荡培养浸菌接种24h	7d后的幼苗徒长比率和苗重比率	[31]
	1×10⁵个/mL	浸菌接种24h	4周后的幼苗死亡率	[32]
	1×10⁵个/mL	浸菌接种1h	3周后根据发病严重程度定级0~3级; 病菌再分离定殖率	[35]
立针期喷雾接种 Spraying with spore suspension at vertical-needle-shaped incomplete leaf growing stage	100倍显微镜视野下 2000个孢子左右	喷雾接种2~3次, 菌液用量为250 mL/m²	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
铺病节诱发 Laying infected straw after sowing	100倍显微镜视野下 2000个孢子左右	将病稻节切成约1cm长, 浸透水, 于播种覆土后立即在土表均匀撒上一层	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
穗期喷雾接种 Spraying with spore suspension at heading stage	100倍显微镜视野下 2000个孢子左右	在抽穗开花期喷雾接种3次	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
自然诱发 Inoculating under natural condition	-	预浸后高温催芽的种子直接播种	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
干种子直接浸菌接种 Immersing dried seeds in spore suspension directly	1×10⁶个/mL	浸菌接种12h	5d, 10d, 20d, 30d 和 40d后根据发病严重程度指数定级(0~4级)	[27]
	1×10⁵个/mL	室温下浸菌接种16h	种子发芽率、15d和30d的发病率	[10]
	1×10⁶个/mL	26℃浸菌接种3d,每天轻轻振荡4次	一个月后的健康植株率	[11]
	1×10⁶个/mL	室温浸菌振荡接种30 min	种子发芽率、根据3周后发病率进行抗性分级(1~5级)	[36]
	1×10⁶个/mL	室温浸菌接种24h	幼苗死亡率和徒长比率	[30]
幼苗浸根接种 Immersingseedling roots in spore suspension	1×10⁶个/mL	幼苗根部浸菌接种2h	幼苗死亡率和徒长比率	[30]

鉴定方法 Evaluation method	孢子浓度 Spore concentration	处理条件 Treatment condition	抗性衡量指标 Resistance index	啊啊啊啊 aaaa
芽期浸菌接种 Immersing in spore suspension at germinationstage	100倍显微镜视野下 2000个孢子左右	浸菌接种3h	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
	560nm波长下20% 和50%透光率	30℃下振荡培养浸菌接种24h	根据5d后的幼苗徒长比率进行抗性分级(1~5级)	[24]
	8.8×10⁶个/mL	30℃下振荡培养浸菌接种24h	7d后的幼苗徒长比率和苗重比率	[31]
	1×10⁵个/mL	浸菌接种24h	4周后的幼苗死亡率	[32]
	1×10⁵个/mL	浸菌接种1h	3周后根据发病严重程度定级0~3级; 病菌再分离定殖率	[35]
立针期喷雾接种 Spraying with spore suspension at vertical-needle-shaped incomplete leaf growing stage	100倍显微镜视野下 2000个孢子左右	喷雾接种2~3次, 菌液用量为250 mL/m²	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
铺病节诱发 Laying infected straw after sowing	100倍显微镜视野下 2000个孢子左右	将病稻节切成约1cm长, 浸透水, 于播种覆土后立即在土表均匀撒上一层	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
穗期喷雾接种 Spraying with spore suspension at heading stage	100倍显微镜视野下 2000个孢子左右	在抽穗开花期喷雾接种3次	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
自然诱发 Inoculating under natural condition	-	预浸后高温催芽的种子直接播种	根据苗期和成株期发病率进行抗性分级(1~9级)	[22,26]
干种子直接浸菌接种 Immersing dried seeds in spore suspension directly	1×10⁶个/mL	浸菌接种12h	5d, 10d, 20d, 30d 和 40d后根据发病严重程度指数定级(0~4级)	[27]
	1×10⁵个/mL	室温下浸菌接种16h	种子发芽率、15d和30d的发病率	[10]
	1×10⁶个/mL	26℃浸菌接种3d,每天轻轻振荡4次	一个月后的健康植株率	[11]
	1×10⁶个/mL	室温浸菌振荡接种30 min	种子发芽率、根据3周后发病率进行抗性分级(1~5级)	[36]
	1×10⁶个/mL	室温浸菌接种24h	幼苗死亡率和徒长比率	[30]
幼苗浸根接种 Immersingseedling roots in spore suspension	1×10⁶个/mL	幼苗根部浸菌接种2h	幼苗死亡率和徒长比率	[30]

QTL	染色体Chromosome	QTL区间 QTL region/Mb	定位群体 Mapping population	群体大小Population size	群体父母本或类型 Parents or type of population	啊啊啊啊 aaaa
qBE1.2	1	0.30–4.56	RIL	159	日本晴(粳)/9311(籼)	[31]
qBK1.4	1	0.40–0.43	GWAS	76	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBW1	1	0.56–5.62	RIL	132	培矮64S(籼)/9311(籼)	[31]
qBK1_628091	1	0.62–1.04	GWAS	138	41个热带粳稻、97个温带粳稻	[47]
qBK1.5	1	2.25–2.33	GWAS	231	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBK1.2	1	3.10–3.36	RIL	168	Pusa 1342(籼)/Pusa Basmati 1121(籼)	[45]
qBK1.3	1	4.65–8.41	RIL	168	Pusa 1342(籼)/Pusa Basmati 1121(籼)	[45]
qBE1.1	1	11.91–13.71	RIL	132	培矮64S(籼)/9311(籼)	[31]
qBK1^WD	1	13.54–15.13	RIL	200	Wonseadaesoo(粳)/Junam(粳)	[48]
qBK1.6	1	22.09–22.25	GWAS	231	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qFfR1	1	22.56–24.10	F₂:F₃	180	Nampyeong(粳)/DongjinAD(粳)	[32]
qBK1.1	1	23.32–23.34	RIL	168	Pusa 1342(籼)/Pusa Basmati 1121(籼)	[45]
qBK1.7	1	23.63–23.64	GWAS	76	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBK1	1	23.64–23.67	NIL	168	YR24982-9-1(籼)/Ilpum(粳)	[44, 46]
qB1	1	34.10–34.95	DH	120	春江06/TN1	[43]
qBK3.1	3	21.43–21.78	RIL	168	Pusa 1342(籼)/Pusa Basmati 1121(籼)	[45]
qBK3.2	3	27.48–27.64	GWAS	231	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBE3	3	28.68–35.77	RIL	159	日本晴(粳)/9311(籼)	[31]
qBW3	3	34.95–35.60	RIL	132	培矮64S(籼)/9311(籼)	[31]
qBK4.1	4	22.37–22.43	GWAS	231	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBK4_31750955	4	31.16–31.75	GWAS	138	41个热带粳稻、97个温带粳稻	[47]
qBK6.1	6	3.28–3.64	GWAS	231	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBK6.2	6	4.87–5.06	GWAS	231	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBW6	6	24.40–25.88	RIL	132	培矮64S(籼)/9311(籼)	[31]
qBK6.3	6	25.30–25.64	GWAS	76	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBK8.1	8	6.14–6.24	GWAS	231	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBE9	9	6.38–8.28	RIL	132	培矮64S(籼)/9311(籼)	[31]
qFfR9	9	7.24–7.56	F₂:F₃	188	Samgwang(粳)/Junam(粳)	[49]
qBK10.1	10	5.68–6.02	GWAS	76	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBK10.2	10	6.85–6.86	GWAS	231	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qBK10.3	10	9.09–9.34	GWAS	76	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]
qB10	10	18.72–19.23	DH	120	春江06/TN1	[43]
qBK11.1	11	22.577–22.583	GWAS	231	来自RDP1的种质资源	[35]